Deon Conway

Professor Ross

English 1301 Section 2806

22 April 2019

Housing the Homeless

“Overall, about 1.6 million people slept in homeless shelters

or other temporary housing in the United States in 2008, the

report said”. (Katel) In the past, the homeless typically were

single men and women who lived on the street or in shelters;

many were mentally ill or drug addicts, or both. Homelessness

today may well be a suburban couple with children who lost their

home to foreclosure and are staying with relatives or living at a

shelter. During the year of 2007 through 2009, the recession

continues to ravage the middle class and the working poor, job

losses, and medical emergencies added to the number of

homeless. “Americans Advocates for the homeless also cite a

shortage of affordable housing. A 2008 federal government

survey showed a one-year 9 percent increase in families relying

on homeless shelters. In recent months, local governments and

school districts have been reporting homelessness cases more

than doubling this year. But funding shortage may force agencies

that help the homeless to curtail services”. (Katel 1055) Without

the government assistance and the support of many agencies,

the shortage of affordable housing will continue if there is nothing

done to the shortfall. People need to simply understand that at

any given time anybody can fall into homelessness. The image of

homelessness is changing right before our eyes. People should try

to visit any of the local shelters and have a conversation with the

people who are using their services. And the results will be mind-

blowing. That a lot of them were middle-class income earners or

some of them was well off, and because of misfortune, they are

now homeless. Becoming homeless could happen to any one of us

who is living from paycheck to paycheck. “A matter of fact,

California has the largest Homeless Population nearly 160, 000

people in the state are homeless, more than twice as many in

New York”. (Katel1056) “Congress has been responding

effectively to the persistence of homelessness. A major piece of

evidence: a 1.5 billion appropriation in mid-2009 for a new

Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program

(HPRP)”. In the US the Housing First approach has been widely

adopted to respond to homelessness. “The approach involves

providing individuals who are homeless (not only rough sleeping

but broadly defined as being inadequately housed, such as living

in a hostel) and have multiple needs (such as substance misuse

or mental ill health) with a permanent mainstream tenancy

immediately on enrolment to a program”. There is no single

definition of Housing First; however, central features common to

the US programs have been identified (Padgett et al., 2006;

Pearson et al., 2007). These features are (1) immediate access to

permanent housing; (2) the provision of a range of services, which

are separated from eligibility for housing or risk of eviction; and

(3) the engagement of clients who have previously been unable to

engage with mainstream social services provision. And how the

challenges of an individual living in the mainstream will face some

difficulties and we must be ready to give them the support they

will need to make it work. (Mc Naughton Nichols Carol 767-777)

Therefore, finance plays an important role in the Housing the

homeless and even though funds have been directed away from

programs that are helping. And because there is an excessive

waiting list for public housing the number of shelters is

overflowing. “The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development has adopted that philosophy and is shifting funds to

permanent housing with a quick turnaround for those who are

ready, and open-ended support for those who need it. But the

shift toward permanent housing has had a cost: the region’s

homelessness problem has gotten worse”. (Smith) “While

transitional housing can be an important tool in managing

homelessness, we’re encouraging communities to offer

permanent housing solutions to an even greater number of

persons and families who are experiencing homelessness,”

Sullivan said. “Our organization is focused on permanent housing

outcomes,” said communications director Jeremy Sidell. We’ve

always believed the only way to end homelessness is to put

people in homes.” (Zlotnick) Since homeless is more prevalent

now to lawmaker than ever before the task to keep track of them

is not easy. Although many people may say otherwise. The target

population consisted of homeless adults, age 18 or older, those

who spent the previous night in one of the following situations:

“Typically, individuals or families are described as homeless if

they have spent nights on the street, in an abandoned building,

car, shelter, or certain unconventional accommodations. In

conclusion as the number of homeless people go on the rise, and

we are faced with homeless now becoming a feature of life for us

in America. Since it is an individual choice to stay homeless. And

having a poor work ethic or not one at all or, even a more

complex social problem. The government has issued a 1.5 billion

appropriation in mid-2009 for a new Homelessness Prevention

and Rapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP). This program will help

those who want to help themselves.

 Works Cited

Katel, Peter. "Housing the Homeless." CQ Researcher, 18 Dec.

2009, pp. 1053-76,

library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2009121809.

McNaughton Nicholls, Carol, and Iain Atherton. “Housing First:

Considering Components for Successful Resettlement of

Homeless People with Multiple Needs.” Housing Studies, vol. 26,

no. 5, July 2011, pp. 767–777. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1080/02673037.2011.581907. Smith, Doug.

“Homelessness Requires Different Solutions for Different

Situations.” Los Angeles Times, 15 Aug. 2016. Opposing

Viewpoints in Context,

link.galegroup.com.lscsproxy2.lonestar.edu/apps/doc/TKJHZV9648
48290/OVIC?u=nhmccd_main&sid=OVIC&xid=188b1479.

Accessed 21 Apr. 2019. Zlotnick, Cheryl, et al. “Getting off the

Streets: Economic Resources and Residential Exits from

Homelessness.” Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 27, no. 2,

Mar. 1999, pp. 209–224. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-

6629(199903)27:23.0.CO;2-2.

Chapter 11 Global Transportastion Mangement

Assignment
Page 392

2. What is the role of trade terms in global transportation? Discuss how exporters and importers can
manage these risks.

When a company purchases goods from an international supplier, it is critical to include terms of trade
in the purchase contract. These terms clarify which transportation- related responsibilities are handled
by the exporter and which are managed by the importer.

Exporters: Risk of nonpayment by the importer

Would like cash in advance but may lose business to more lenient competitor

Importers: Risk related to shipment delivery and product quality

Would like open account but may lose excellent suppliers.

4. What payment options are available for international transactions> How does each option protect the
interests of the exporter and the importer?

6. Why would companies use ocean transportation versus air freight service to move international
freight?

8. What are the benefits and drawbacks of intermodal transportation for international freight?

10. When developing transportation routes for global freight, what considerations should influence the
decision maker?
12. What value do ancillary service providers bring to global transportation execution?

Discuss the roles of

a. International freight forwarders

b. NVOCC’s
c. Export packers

14. Identify and briefly describe the six steps involved in the CBP customs clearance process. What can
individual companies do to streamline this process?

Chapter 12 Governmental Roles in Transportation

Assignment
Page. 429

2. What are the primary themes or goals of U.S. national transportation policy?
4. How has common law provided a basis for the government’s regulation of transportation in the
United States?
6. What roles do individual states play in transportation regulation?
8. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of increasing transportation safety and security
regulations. Be sure to include both transportation providers and transportation users in your
discussion.
10. What is the rationale for the public promotion of transportation?
12. what are transportation user charges? What is the purpose of such charges?