ALLIEYAH KRISTHINA M.

BINAY 10-02-19

STEM 11 EARTH SCIENCE

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN EXOGENIC AND ENDOGENIC  PROCESSES

- ENDOGENIC PROCESSESS are the processes of internal origin. It takes place inside

the globe and are started by the forces of the Earth. Earthquakes and volcanic
activities are examples of Endogenic processes. Exogenic processes are forces on
or ABOVE Earth’s surface while Endogenic processes are tectonic
movements BELOW the surface of the Earth.
 

GIVE AND DESCRIBE THE THREE TYPES OF TECTONIC FORCES?

- A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each
other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock)
rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new oceanic crust.

When two plates come together, it is known as a convergent boundary. The impact
of the colliding plates can cause the edges of one or both plates to buckle up into a
mountain ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a deep seafloor trench. A
chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to convergent plate boundaries and power
earthquakes around common along these boundaries.

At convergent plate boundaries, oceanic crust is often forced down into the mantle
where it begins to melt. Magma rises into and through the other plate, solidifying
into granite, the rock that makes up the continents. Thus, at convergent boundaries,
continental crust is created and oceanic crust is destroyed.

Two plates sliding past each other forms a transform plate boundary. Natural or
human-made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset—split into
pieces and carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the boundary are
pulverized as the plates grind along, creating a linear fault valley or undersea
canyon. Earthquakes are common along these faults. In contrast to convergent and
divergent boundaries, crust is cracked and broken at transform margins, but is not
created or destroyed.
 

WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?

- Earthquake is one of the dangerous and life threatening natural disaster which can
come anytime and anywhere on the earth. Most of the earthquakes come with minor
tremors however larger earthquakes with strong tremors generally begins with
slight tremors but soon gets changed into more violent shocks. Stronger
earthquakes generally end up with huge and forced vibrations at long distance from
the main point of arousal. It gradually diminishes with reduced aftershocks. The
focus of earthquakes becomes the subterranean point where it originates.
Magnitude and intensity of the earthquake can be measured with the help of variety
of scales such as Richter scale, moment magnitude scale, modified Mercalli scale, etc.
Earthquake is a life threatening event that responsible for the huge damage to the
living and non-living beings. Earlier, it was quite hard to imagine the intensity of the
earthquake before its occurrence. However, now-a-days, it has become easy to
estimate the magnitude and intensity of earthquake because of the instrumental
advancement in the world.

DIFFERENTIATE FOCUS FROM EPICENTER?

The focus is the point within the earth where seismic waves originate; it is centered on the
part of the fault that has the greatest movement. The focus is the point underground where
the earthquake rupture physically starts. The epicenter is on the earth's surface directly
above the focus. The epicenter is the location of the focus on a map.

GIVE AT LEAST 5 IGNEOUS PROCESSES?

- Volcanism refers to the extrusion of rock matter from Earth’s subsurface to the
exterior and the creation of surface terrain features as a result. Volcanoes are
mountains or hills that form in this way. Plutonism refers to igneous processes that
occur below earth’s surface, including the cooling of magma to form intrusive
igneous rock are masses. Some masses of intrusive igneous rock are eventually
exposed at Earth’s surface where they comprise landforms of distinctive shapes and
properties.