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Xanthan Gum
Xanthan Gum
Published in: FCC 11 2S FCC 11 3S
First Published: Prior to FCC 6
Last Revised: FCC 11, Second Supplement
INS: 415
CAS: [11138-66-2]
UNII: TTV12P4NEE [ xanthan gum]
DESCRIPTION
IDENTIFICATION
• PROCEDURE
Sample solution: Transfer 300 mL of water, previously heated to 80°, into a 400-mL
beaker and stir rapidly with a mechanical stirrer. At the point of maximum agitation, add
a dry blend of 1.5 g of sample and 1.5 g of locust bean gum. Stir until the gums
dissolve, and then continue stirring for 30 min longer. Do not allow the water
temperature to drop below 60°. Discontinue stirring, and allow the solution to cool at
room temperature for at least 2 h.
Control solution: Prepare as described for the Sample solution, but using a 1%
solution of sample and omitting the locust bean gum.
Acceptance criteria: For the Sample solution, a firm, rubbery gel forms after the
temperature of the mixture drops below 40°. No such gel forms in the Control solution.
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ASSAY
IMPURITIES
INORGANIC IMPURITIES
• LEAD, Lead Limit Test, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method,
Appendix IIIB
Sample: 10 g
Acceptance criteria: NMT 2 mg/kg
ORGANIC IMPURITIES
• ETHANOL AND ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
EtOH standard solution: 1 mg/mL of ethanol (chromatography grade) in water
IPA standard solution: 1 mg/mL of isopropyl alcohol (chromatography grade) in
water
TBA standard solution: 1 mg/mL of tert-butyl alcohol (chromatography grade) in
water
Mixed standard solution: Pipet 4 mL each of the EtOH standard solution, the IPA
standard solution, and the TBA standard solution into a 125-mL graduated conical
flask, dilute to about 100 mL with water, and mix. The solution contains about 40
μg/mL each of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol.
Sample: 5g
Sample solution: Disperse 1 mL of a suitable antifoam emulsion, such as Dow-
Corning G-10, or equivalent, in 200 mL of water contained in a 1000-mL 24/40 round-
bottom distilling flask. Add the Sample and shake for 1 h on a wrist-action mechanical
shaker. Connect the flask to a fractionating column, and distill about 100 mL,
adjusting the heat so that foam does not enter the column. Add 4.0 mL of TBA
standard solution to the distillate to obtain the Sample solution.
Chromatographic system, Appendix IIA
Mode: GC
Detector type: Flame-ionization
Column: 1.8-m × 3.2-mm (id) stainless steel, or equivalent; packed with 80- to
100-mesh Porapak QS, or equivalent
Temperatures
Injection port: 200°
Column: 165°
Detector: 200°
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REtOH = AEtOH/ATBA
RIPA = AIPA/ATBA
REtOH = response factor for ethanol
AEtOH = area of the ethanol peak
ATBA = area of the tert-butyl alcohol peak
RIPA = response factor for isopropyl alcohol
AIPA = area of the isopropyl alcohol peak
From the chromatogram of the Sample solution, calculate the concentrations of
ethanol and isopropyl alcohol in the Sample taken:
SPECIFIC TESTS
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Analysis: Prepare a pair of identical Sample solutions and stir each for 2 h. Determine
the viscosity (V1) of one solution at 23.9°, using a No. 3 spindle rotating at 60 rpm
(Brookfield, or equivalent). Determine the viscosity (V2) of the other solution in the
same manner, but maintain the temperature at 65.6°.
Acceptance criteria
V1: NLT 600 cp
(V1/V2): 1.02–1.45
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