Exercise 4- Writing the Rationale-Treatment-Objectives

Ramos, Christian Jay C.

2018-09328

Date of Submission: March 12, 2020

Si Laling Handa: An Information Sharing and Awareness Raising Campaign on

Flood Readiness for Grade 1 students of Aplaya Elementary School

I. Rationale

Floods are defined as the "temporary flooding of land that is not normally covered by
water". (Directive, 2007) Most of the flooding are associated with different factors such as
distribution of precipitation of drainage basin, rapid snow melting in mountain ranges, or some
failure in the dam system. (Bennett et al., 2018) But for most of the tropical countries, floods are
caused by strong amount of rain brought by a typhoon.

In general, different events caused by flood can bring damages that is a result of
destructive power of water. (Rojas, Feyen, Watkiss, 2013) Some of the most observable damages
that flooding can bring are destruction of houses, especially those that are made of light
materials. Flooding may also cause an indefinite cutoff in electricity and water supply that may
spread some diseases such as cholera, leptospirosis, and typhoid fever. (Songsore, 2017)

The Philippines ranks third among the countries in the world that is vulnerable to
disasters including typhoons and floods. (World Bank, 2017) In the past 30 years, more than 360
disasters already hit the country and tallied more than 33,000 deaths. In addition, disasters that
hit the country damaged 120 million Filipinos. Among the disasters that struck the Philippines,
typhoons and floods are the most devastating in terms of their economic and social impact.
(World Bank, 2017)

According to the report by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
in 2018, there are 288,860 families or 1,279,943 individuals from 1,136 barangays in 21
provinces in the country are being affected by the combined effects of habagat and other weather
disturbances. Out of these affected people, more than 12,000 families remain at nearly 300
evacuation centers in the country while 120,286 families are still supported outside the

Page 1 of 6
evacuation centers. At the peak of a typhoon and flooding, 500 evacuation centers can
accommodate the victims of the disaster.

In the province of Laguna alone, it is expected that the rainfall amount would increase by
2.9% in 2020. It is expected that the usual 845.0 mm amount of rain would increase to 1,066.5
mm by 2020. It is a result of increasing greenhouse gas emission (Ardales et. al, 2015). It is also
projected that the municipalities surrounding the Laguna de Bay would be affected the most. One
of the municipalities that would be affected by the disaster to be brought by the typhoon is Pila,
Laguna. Pila is a municipality found in the lakeside of Laguna de Bay.

According to Back et al. (2009), children are not exempted with the effects of the
disasters such as flooding. They further explained that children, especially those who are residing
in an underdeveloped and marginalized community, are most likely to receive disproportionate
share of burden from that kinds of disasters. In 2011, the United Nations International Strategy
for Disaster Reduction declared that children are “the group most affected by disasters each
year”. To strengthen this declaration, they advocated the active participation of children in
disaster risk activities.

To promote the participation of the children in disaster risk activities, particularly in

flooding, the facilitators of this program decided to develop an audio-visual material entitled “Si
Laling Handa”. The audio-visual material would cater the Grade 1 students, aged 6 to 7 years
old, of Barangay Aplaya Elementary School in Pila, Laguna. The key stakeholders are consisting
of both male and female students. They speak mainly Filipino and can understand simple
English.

The audio-visual material that would be developed would present a story of a Grade 1
student and how their family prepares and responds to the risks of flooding. This audio-visual
material is an information sharing and awareness raising campaign regarding flood preparedness
especially for Grade 1 students. This would target the cognitive and affective domain of the
children and would have an evaluation process to ensure their learning from the audio-visual
material that would be presented to them.

Page 2 of 6
II. Treatment

The audio-visual material of the story of “Si Laling Handa” would adopt a narrative
approach and animated illustrations in terms of visuals. The material’s length is 15 minutes. This
material has been decided to be animated so that it would fit the interest of the key stakeholders
which are the Grade 1 students of Aplaya Elementary School. Based on their characteristic, the
audio-visual material will be in Filipino and would use simple language. Throughout the
material, the technical terms used in flooding will be explained in the language that the children
will understand. The content of the video is based on the most recent report given by the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).

The main character is Laling, girl, a Grade 1 student from Aplaya Elementary School.
She is from a low-income family with a small sari-sari store as the primary source of their
income. The facilitators decided to localize the character and the setting of the story so that the
key stakeholders can easily related and be interested to the story.

The story will start with a weather report that is being watched by Laling and her family.
From the weather report, it will be explained that normally there are around 20 typhoons
affecting the Philippines. Concepts such as low-pressure area, PAGASA, Philippine area of
responsibility, typhoon, tropical depression, tropical storm, etc. would also be explained. Before
the weather report ends, it will be broadcasted that there is a typhoon that would land near
Laling’s place and a call to action to be prepared for the typhoon. Some tips and ways on how to
be prepared before a typhoon will also be given be given by the weather report Laling is
watching.

After that, Laling would talk to her family and will raise her concern about flood
preparedness that she learned from the weather report that she watched. The family would, first,
prepare the disaster kit. In the audio-visual material, the things that should be included in the
disaster kit would be explained. Also, securing clothes, shoes, and documents such as birth
certificates, medical records, and bank account information will be explained.

On the third part of the audio-visual material, the safety precautions will be explained.
Those safety precautions are securing fully charged batteries for radios and cellphones, moving
the household stuff on a higher place such as second floor of the house, securing emergency

Page 3 of 6
contact information, removing electric plugs, and such. The video will reach its climax on the
actual flooding event at the community where Laling resides. It would be shown that all the
preparedness measures that Laling and her family made would be applied. Some of the events
on this part of the audio-visual material are the explanation of signal number in Laling’s place
and moving from their home up to evacuation center.

The audio-visual material will end with Laling and her family safely reached the
evacuation center and a call to action for the key stakeholders to follow and observe the flood
readiness measures that Laling explained on the video so that the family and the community
would be kept safe during disasters particularly typhoon and flooding.

III. Objectives

At the end of the presentation of the audio-visual material, the Grade 1 students of
Aplaya Elementary School should be able to:

1. Enumerate at least 10 things that the disaster kit should contain;

2. Explain at least five concepts used in the discussion of typhoon and flooding;
3. Compare and contrast the four kinds of tropical cyclone; and
4. Discuss the evacuation plan of Brgy. Aplaya, Pila, Laguna.

Page 4 of 6
IV. Content Outline
A. The Weather Report
a. Description of Brgy. Aplaya, Pila, Laguna
b. Low pressure area
c. Storm surge
d. Kinds of tropical cyclone
e. Public storm warning signals
f. Rainfall advisory
B. The Disaster Kits
a. Twenty things that a disaster kit should contain
b.Documents and papers
C. Safety Measures
a. Staying tune with weather reports
b.Unplugging of electricity
c. Evacuation plan
d.Evacuation

Page 5 of 6
V. References

Ardales, Jr., G. Y., Espaldon, M. V. O., Lasco, R. D., Quimbo, M. A. T. & Zamora, O. B.
(2015). Trends in Rainfall and the Causes of Flood Events in the Municipalities of Los
Baños and Bay, Laguna, Philippines. Journal of Nature Studies. 14 (2): 40-53

Back E., Cameron C., & Tanner T. (2009). Children and disaster risk reduction: Taking stock
and moving forward. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies; Retrieved
from http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/children-and-disaster-risk-reduction-taking-stock-
and-moving-forward

Bennett, B., Leonard, M., Deng, Y., & Westra, S., (2018) An empirical investigation into the
effect of antecedent precipitation on flood volume. J. Hydrol. 567, 435–445

Directive (2007) EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Assessment and
Management of Flood Risks. 27-34.

Rojas, R., Feyen, L., & Watkiss, P., (2013) Climate change and river floods in the European
Union: Socio-economic consequences and the costs and benefits of adaptation. Global
Environmental Change. 23, 1737–1751.

Songsore, J. (2017) The Complex Interplay between Everyday Risks and Disaster Risks: The
Case of the 2014 Cholera Pandemic and 2015 Flood Disaster in Accra, Ghana.
International Disaster Risk Resolution. 26, 43-50.

World Bank (2017) Project Highlights: Metro Manila Flood Management. The World Bank.
Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/brief/project-
highlights-metro-manila-flood-management

Page 6 of 6