STRUCTURAL DESIGN

OF
TWO-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
With ROOFDECK
Problem Statement
A two storey reinforced concrete building for a residential complex has plan dimensions as
shown in Figure 1. The building is located in seismic zone 4 on a site with very dense soil and
soft rock. Design the building for gravity loads, seismic loads and wind loads as per National
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015).

General
1. The building will be used for residence so that there are walls inside the building. All CHB’s
are 100 mm thick with 12 mm plaster on both sides.
2. At ground floor, slabs are not provided and the floor will directly rest on ground. Therefore,
only ground beams passing through columns are provided as tie beams. The floor beams are thus
absent in the ground floor.
3. Secondary floor beams are so arranged that they act as simply supported beams and that
maximum number of main beams get flanged beam effect.
4. For all structural elements, concrete strength fc’ = 27.6 MPa (4000 psi) is used. Reinforcing
bars are of grade 40 (fy = 276MPa) for all members including stirrups and ties except for column
main bars and beams which are grade 60 (fy = 414 MPa).
5. The floor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.
6. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be
significant.
7. All dimensions are in mm unless specified otherwise.
 (a) TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

(b) PART SECTION A-A

Figure 1 General lay-out of the Building.

1.1 DATA OF THE BUILDING
The design data shall be as follows:

Live Load : 1.90 kPa (Residential Floor Areas)

: 2.40kPa at Roof Deck
: 1.0 kPa (Roof)
Floor Finishes, Ceiling loads : 1.138 kPa
Hallway Finishes : 1.138 kPa
Location : Rizal
Wind Load : As per NSCP 2010
Earthquake Load : As per NSCP 2010
Depth of foundation below ground : 1.20 m
Type of soil : Very dense soil and soft rock
Allowable Bearing Pressure : 150kPa (Assumed)
Average thickness of footing : 0.50 m, isolated footing
Storey Height : Typical: 3.0m, GF: 3.5 m
Floors : GF plus 2 upper floors
Ground Beams : To be provided at 200 mm below ground level
Walls : 4” CHB plus 12 mm plaster on both face

MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
Concrete
All components unless specified in design: 20.7 MPa
Ec =4700 √ 20.7=21,380 MPa

Steel
All ties and stirrups shall be of grade 40 (276 MPa)
Main bars: fy = 276 MPa (Ties and Footings)
fy = 276MPa (All Columns and Beams)
Design Criteria:
 The structural design is based on provisions of the National Structural Code of the
Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015)
 Floor Live Load = 1.90kPa (Residential)
= 1.0 kPa (Roof Live)
 Superimposed Dead Load (floor finishes, partitions etc.) = 1.138 kPa
 Masonry Wall Dead Load = 8.1 kN/m
 Roof Live Load = 1.0kPa
 Earthquake:
Overstrength Factor (Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frame)
R=8.5
Ω o =2.8
3/4
Time Period, T =C t ( hn ) =0.414 s
C t=0.0731 (Concrete Moment Resisting Frames)
h n=10.1 m
Seismic Source Type: B
Distance from seismic source: 15 km
Seismic Zone Factor: 0.40 (Zone 4)
Soil Profile Type: Sc (Very dense soil and soft rock)
Near Source Factors:
Na = 1.0
Nv = 1.0
Seismic Coefficient Cv = 0.56
Seismic Importance Factor = 1.0

 Load Combinations:
USD Load Combo:
Comb 1 = 1.4D
Comb 2 = 1.2D + 1.6L
Comb 3 = 1.2D + 1.0Ex + 0.5L
Comb 4 = 1.2D – 1.0Ex + 0.5L
Comb 5 = 1.2D + 1.0Ey + 0.5L
Comb 6 = 1.2D – 1.0Ey + 0.5L
Comb 7 = Comb1 + Comb2 + Comb3 + Comb4 + Comb5 + Comb6
Structural Analysis
ETABS 2015 was used for the structural analysis of the building since it is too tedious to do it
manually and prone to error. The design forces are extracted and used for the design of the footings,
columns, beams and slabs.
An auto-generated lateral load for seismic are also set in ETABS 2015 with the data given in the
design criteria using UBC 97 which is the basis of the National Structural Code of the Philippines for
earthquake provision. An auto-generated lateral load for wind are also set.

Figure 2. 3D Structural Model

 FOUNDATION DESIGN

A. Size of square footing:

Design Forces:
The governing load combination is 1.2D + 1.6L, thus from the result of the structural
analysis:
Dead = 80.60kN
Super-imposed dead load = 13.71kN
Masonry = 98.61kN
Live = 26.20kN

Pservice =( 80.60+13.71+ 98.61+26.20 )=219.12 kN (¿ ETABS)

Assumed unit weight of soil and foundation = 20kN/m^3

AssumedSoil Bearing Capacity = 150kPa
Depth of footing = 1.2 m
Size of Column: 0.20m x 0.35m
Diameter of main reinforcement = 16 mm

q net =150−20 ( 1.2 )=126 kPa

219.12
126=
B2
B=1.32 m
Thus, use 1.40m x 1.40m square footing.
B. Design of footing:
I. Design of thickness:
Pu=1.2 D+1.6 L=273.43 kN

Pu 273.43
q u= 2
= =139.51 kPa
B 1.42

Check from wide beam shear:

1.40 0.20 d 0.85 ( √ 21 ) ( 1400 ) d

V u=139.51 ( 2
−
2
−
1000 )
( 1.40 ) (1000)=
6

Solving for d, we get:

d=106.13mm

Check from punching shear: (Edge Column:

V u=Pu −qu ( c 1+ d)(c 2 +d )

0.5 d 0.5 d d
273.43−139.51 0.20+ ( 1000 )(
0.35+ = )
1000 3000
√ 21 ( 550+d )

Solving for d, we get:

d=216.65mm

Thus, use d = 216.65 mm. The thickness of the footing is:

t=d +conc . cover +1.5 d=216.65+75+ 1.5(16)=315.65 mm

. :Use t footing=350 mm

II. Design for Flexure:

Main bar diameter to be used: 16 mm
Effective Depth, d = 350 – 75 – 1.5(16) = 251 mm

qu ( L−c )
M u= ( B ) L−c
( )
2 4

139.51 ( 1.40−0.2 ) 1.40−0.20

M u=
2
( 1.4 )( 4 )
M u=35.16 kN . m

0.5 A s ( 276 )
(
35.16 ( 106 ) =0.9 A s ( 276 ) 251−
0.85 ( 21 ) ( 1400 ) )
A s=641.76 m m2

Check:
1.4 1.4
A s(min)= bd= ( 1400 ) ( 251 )=1782.46 mm 2
fy 276

Use A s=1782.46 mm2

Thus, total number of bars bothways,

As
N=
1782.46
A¯¿ = =8.86 pcs . ¿
π 2
( 16 )
4
.: Use 9 pcs. 16-mm diameter bar Grade 40 (fy = 276MPa) bothways

DESIGN OF ONE – WAY SLAB

t = 100 mm
w u=13.8727 kPa

kN
Consider 1 – m strip: w u=13.8727 ( 1 m ) =13.8727
m
Maximum Moments:
w u l 2u 13.8727 ( 2 )2
+M= = =3.96 kN ∙ m
14 14

w u l 2u 13.8727 ( 2 )2
−M = = =5.55 kN ∙ m
10 10

Steel Areas for flexure:

For negative moments:
0.5 Asfy
M u=ϕAsfy d−
[ 0.85 f ' cb ]
0.5 As ( 276 )
[
5.5 x 106 =0.9 As ( 276 ) 62−
0.85 ( 21 ) ( 1000 ) ]
Solving for As,
As=374.62 m m2

1.4
:̌ A smin = ( 1000 ) ( 62 )=314.49 m m2
276
Therefore :Use As=374.62 mm 2
 S 1000
=
π 374.62
( 12 )2
4

S=301.90mm ,take conservatively as 250 mm .

For positive moment:

0.5 Asfy
M u=ϕAsfy d−
[
0.85 f ' cb ]
0.5 As ( 276 )
3.96 x 106 =0.9 As ( 276 ) 62−
2
[ 0.85 ( 21 ) ( 1000 ) ]
As=265.95 m m

1.4
:̌ A smin = ( 1000 ) ( 62 )=314.5 m m2
276
Therefore :Use As=314.5 mm 2

S 1000
=
π 314.5
( 12 )2
4

S=359.61mm , take conservatively as 250 mm .

The code provides temperature bars in the longitudinal direction. The area of the temperature
bars needed is given by ρ=0.002 for fy = 276 MPa.

Temperature Bars:
For fy = 276 MPA, ρ=0.002
Thus,
A s temp=0.002 ( 2000 ) ( 62 )=248 m m2

248
N 10temp= =3.16 say 4 pcs .
π
( 10 )2
4

These temperature bars shall be provide at the bottom of the slab for positive moments and at the
top for negative moments.
 DESIGN OF PURLINS

Assume compact section by providing sufficient sagrods.

F bx=0.66 F y =0.66 ( 248 )=163.68 MPa

F by =0.75 Fy=0.75 ( 248 )=186 MPa

Simply supported length = 3.3 m

Sagrodsat midspan
Inclination, θ=7.125°
Use spacing of purlins = 0.60 m

Try: C3x5 Purlins

Properties:
A = 948m m2
d = 76.2 mm
tw = 6.55 mm
bf = 38.05 mm
tf = 6.93 mm
Sx = 20.32 x 103 mm3
Sy = 3.82 x 103 mm 3

Load: D+L = 1720 Pa = 1.72 kPa

w=1.72 ( 0.60 )=1.032 kN /m

Bending about x:
w x =1.032 cos 7.125 °=1.024 kN /m
 w L2
M= =1.39 kN . m
8

6
M 1.39(10 )
f bx = = =68.41 MPa
S x 20.32 x 103

Bending about y:
w x =1.032 sin 7.125 °=0.128 kN /m

w L2
M= =0.04356 kN . m
32

6
M 0.04356(10 )
f bx = = =11.40 MPa
Sx 3.82 x 103

Check interaction value:

f bx f by
I . V .= +
Fbx F by

68.41 11.40
I . V .= +
163.68 186

I . V .=0.48

Therefore. Use C3x5 purlins spaced at 0.60 m on centers with sagrodsat midspan