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TWO-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
With ROOFDECK
Problem Statement
A two storey reinforced concrete building for a residential complex has plan dimensions as
shown in Figure 1. The building is located in seismic zone 4 on a site with very dense soil and
soft rock. Design the building for gravity loads, seismic loads and wind loads as per National
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015).
General
1. The building will be used for residence so that there are walls inside the building. All CHB’s
are 100 mm thick with 12 mm plaster on both sides.
2. At ground floor, slabs are not provided and the floor will directly rest on ground. Therefore,
only ground beams passing through columns are provided as tie beams. The floor beams are thus
absent in the ground floor.
3. Secondary floor beams are so arranged that they act as simply supported beams and that
maximum number of main beams get flanged beam effect.
4. For all structural elements, concrete strength fc’ = 27.6 MPa (4000 psi) is used. Reinforcing
bars are of grade 40 (fy = 276MPa) for all members including stirrups and ties except for column
main bars and beams which are grade 60 (fy = 414 MPa).
5. The floor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.
6. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be
significant.
7. All dimensions are in mm unless specified otherwise.
(a) TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
Concrete
All components unless specified in design: 20.7 MPa
Ec =4700 √ 20.7=21,380 MPa
Steel
All ties and stirrups shall be of grade 40 (276 MPa)
Main bars: fy = 276 MPa (Ties and Footings)
fy = 276MPa (All Columns and Beams)
Design Criteria:
The structural design is based on provisions of the National Structural Code of the
Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015)
Floor Live Load = 1.90kPa (Residential)
= 1.0 kPa (Roof Live)
Superimposed Dead Load (floor finishes, partitions etc.) = 1.138 kPa
Masonry Wall Dead Load = 8.1 kN/m
Roof Live Load = 1.0kPa
Earthquake:
Overstrength Factor (Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frame)
R=8.5
Ω o =2.8
3/4
Time Period, T =C t ( hn ) =0.414 s
C t=0.0731 (Concrete Moment Resisting Frames)
h n=10.1 m
Seismic Source Type: B
Distance from seismic source: 15 km
Seismic Zone Factor: 0.40 (Zone 4)
Soil Profile Type: Sc (Very dense soil and soft rock)
Near Source Factors:
Na = 1.0
Nv = 1.0
Seismic Coefficient Cv = 0.56
Seismic Importance Factor = 1.0
Load Combinations:
USD Load Combo:
Comb 1 = 1.4D
Comb 2 = 1.2D + 1.6L
Comb 3 = 1.2D + 1.0Ex + 0.5L
Comb 4 = 1.2D – 1.0Ex + 0.5L
Comb 5 = 1.2D + 1.0Ey + 0.5L
Comb 6 = 1.2D – 1.0Ey + 0.5L
Comb 7 = Comb1 + Comb2 + Comb3 + Comb4 + Comb5 + Comb6
Structural Analysis
ETABS 2015 was used for the structural analysis of the building since it is too tedious to do it
manually and prone to error. The design forces are extracted and used for the design of the footings,
columns, beams and slabs.
An auto-generated lateral load for seismic are also set in ETABS 2015 with the data given in the
design criteria using UBC 97 which is the basis of the National Structural Code of the Philippines for
earthquake provision. An auto-generated lateral load for wind are also set.
219.12
126=
B2
B=1.32 m
Thus, use 1.40m x 1.40m square footing.
B. Design of footing:
I. Design of thickness:
Pu=1.2 D+1.6 L=273.43 kN
Pu 273.43
q u= 2
= =139.51 kPa
B 1.42
0.5 d 0.5 d d
273.43−139.51 0.20+ ( 1000 )(
0.35+ = )
1000 3000
√ 21 ( 550+d )
. :Use t footing=350 mm
qu ( L−c )
M u= ( B ) L−c
( )
2 4
0.5 A s ( 276 )
(
35.16 ( 106 ) =0.9 A s ( 276 ) 251−
0.85 ( 21 ) ( 1400 ) )
A s=641.76 m m2
Check:
1.4 1.4
A s(min)= bd= ( 1400 ) ( 251 )=1782.46 mm 2
fy 276
t = 100 mm
w u=13.8727 kPa
kN
Consider 1 – m strip: w u=13.8727 ( 1 m ) =13.8727
m
Maximum Moments:
w u l 2u 13.8727 ( 2 )2
+M= = =3.96 kN ∙ m
14 14
w u l 2u 13.8727 ( 2 )2
−M = = =5.55 kN ∙ m
10 10
1.4
:̌ A smin = ( 1000 ) ( 62 )=314.49 m m2
276
Therefore :Use As=374.62 mm 2
S 1000
=
π 374.62
( 12 )2
4
1.4
:̌ A smin = ( 1000 ) ( 62 )=314.5 m m2
276
Therefore :Use As=314.5 mm 2
S 1000
=
π 314.5
( 12 )2
4
The code provides temperature bars in the longitudinal direction. The area of the temperature
bars needed is given by ρ=0.002 for fy = 276 MPa.
Temperature Bars:
For fy = 276 MPA, ρ=0.002
Thus,
A s temp=0.002 ( 2000 ) ( 62 )=248 m m2
248
N 10temp= =3.16 say 4 pcs .
π
( 10 )2
4
These temperature bars shall be provide at the bottom of the slab for positive moments and at the
top for negative moments.
DESIGN OF PURLINS
Bending about x:
w x =1.032 cos 7.125 °=1.024 kN /m
w L2
M= =1.39 kN . m
8
6
M 1.39(10 )
f bx = = =68.41 MPa
S x 20.32 x 103
Bending about y:
w x =1.032 sin 7.125 °=0.128 kN /m
w L2
M= =0.04356 kN . m
32
6
M 0.04356(10 )
f bx = = =11.40 MPa
Sx 3.82 x 103
f bx f by
I . V .= +
Fbx F by
68.41 11.40
I . V .= +
163.68 186
I . V .=0.48
Therefore. Use C3x5 purlins spaced at 0.60 m on centers with sagrodsat midspan