LET Reviewer on Grammar (General Function of Sentence: Exclamatory-
Education 2) Conveys emotion
Ends with ! Subject-Part of the sentence being talked E.g. Isn’t she lovely! about Wow, that is great! Answers who or what Does or receives the action Hard-to-Find Subjects Experiences the condition E.g. There are the boys. Here is the money. Kinds In my heart, I know the answer. Simple-essential noun, pronoun, or groups Is the meal ready? acting as noun Wait for me. Compound-two or more joined by coordinating conjunction Complements-Word or word groups that Complete-essential subject and modifiers, complete the meaning of the predicate complements Direct Object-Noun or pronouns or their Predicate-Action or linking verb in the groups receiving the action of transitive sentence verb E.g. I rent an apartment. Kinds Garbage clogged the gutter. Simple-verb (linking and main) Which food should I buy? Compound-two or more Complete-verb with modifiers and Indirect Object-Appears with direct object complements Names who or what receives the direct object Function of Sentence: Declarative-States an E.g. I promised her a gift. idea The man gave me tips. Ends with period She teaches graders Math. E.g. I am happy. She is the teacher Objective Complement-Appears with direct object Function of Sentence: Interrogative-Asks a Completes the meaning of the direct object question E.g. I call him Tisoy. Ends with ? We made him the leader. E.g. Are you happy? They elected Tony secretary. What is the topic? Predicate Nominative-Noun or pronoun Function of Sentence: Imperative-Gives after linking verb order or direction Tells something about the subject Ends with period or exclamation point E.g. She is a mother. E.g. Call the secretary. They are the winners. Watch out for that car! The contestants are they. Predicate Adjective-Adjective after linking Teachers leave early. verb Modifies the subject Inverted Patterns E.g. It is ordinary. VS Is he at the party? She is pretty. HVSV Should we stay? The idea sounded great. HVSVC Does he eat vegetables? HVSVCC Did he give them time? Nouns/Pronouns as Appositive CHVSV Whose advice did you take? E.g. The boarder Riza is from Manila. Hunger Games, the movie, is a smash hit. Phrases-Groups of words that function as one part of speech Noun of Direct Address E.g. Prepare the reviewer, Mark. Prepositional-Starts with a preposition with Students, you are very special. an object that is either noun or pronoun Either adjective or adverb Sentence Patterns E.g. In school, we learn about ourselves, STVDO Pattern others, and our world. E.g. I admit the crime. The teacher in the room should be a They left the venue. facilitator. She continued her plan. Appositive-Noun or pronoun which follows STVIODO another noun or pronoun that it renames, E.g. We awarded him the title. explains, or identifies We told them our secrets. Functions as a noun or pronoun We gave him a chance. E.g. The Dark Knight Rises, the current box office hit, is most controversial this year. STVDOOC Joker, the suspect for the mass killing, E.g. We named him Tammy. needs psychological help. They consider the money enough. Cynthia judged the movie cheap. Gerunds-End in –ing Function as a noun SLVPN E.g. Geraldine's singing always enthralls the E.g. Jun is the owner of the building. audience. They are the recipients of the award. Sam hates getting a headache when he Mona is the leader. works late. His favorite activity is diving in Anilao. SLVPA E.g. The project is successful. Participles Myra is sincere about helping. End in –ing, ed, t, en Students in class are active. Function as an adjective. E.g. Laughing wildly, she ran down the path. SV The actor, pausing for a moment, looked at E.g. They laugh in the corner. the crowd. We prepare quietly. He showed us the cabinet, painted a E.g. Hope. brilliant green. The young are sources of hope. With enough hope, young people can think Infinitives of and do much. Generally begin with to and a verb in base form Sentence Structure: Compound-With two Function as a noun, an adjective, or an or more independent clauses joined adverb Joined by coordinating conjunctions E.g. To get an appointment with E.g. Rizal learned much from his mother, him requires a great amount of patience. and he also attended formal schooling. He wrote a letter to raise funds for the He can speak eight languages, so he is foundation. polyglot. The decision to eliminate vacations was very unpopular. Joined by ; E.g. Young Pepe was clever; he Infinitives without to unintentionally outsmarted some older E.g. I heard him complain. men. I will watch you dance. Joined by ; and conjunctive adverb I see him go there. Rizal had many sisters; however, he had only one brother. Clauses-Groups of words with S and V Sentence Structure: Complex Independent-Clause that can stand alone With one independent clause and one or E.g. Dr. Rizal was also an inventor more dependent clauses He, too, possessed artistry beyond compare E.g. Other heroes who read the works of Rizal heeded his call. Dependent-Starts with a clause opener and Rizal has more recognition than any other has a subject and verb hero. Cannot stand alone What matters most is that we love at all. Can be noun, adjective, or adverb When younger generations remember Dr. With or without clause opener Rizal, they think of their own simple ways to E.g. Because you love me become modern-day heroes. When I see you smile Until my heartaches end Sentence Fragments-Groups of words Who we are punctuated and capitalized as a sentence E.g. Irritated by the issue. Elliptical Dependent Clauses-Incomplete With the mercy of God. parts A place where one can rest. E.g. He is as tall as she. I love him as he. Run-ons-Two or more sentences capitalized I adore Him as them. and punctuated as one. E.g. The idea is fantastic it must be original. Sentence Structure: Simple-It contains one The guy looks afraid, he may be in trouble. independent clause. Misplaced Modifiers-Modifiers placed too far from the word or words they modify. E.g. The lake attracted many birds with gentle waves. Smashed beyond repair, Rob saw his watch lying on the court.
Squinting Modifiers-Modifiers placed in the
middle causing confusion E.g. She said quietly they cried. I tell them before they leave they should pray.
Dangling Modifiers-Modifiers modifying a
word that is not in the sentence E.g. Driving through the desert at night, the cactuses looked eerie. Looking at the stars, a meteor flashed across the sky.
Faulty Parallelism-Sentence with parts in
series or in comparison which are not of equal appearance or structure
E.g. The qualities of a good scout are
loyalty, honesty, and being brave. Who I am and my choices truly matter. Giving an oral presentation can require more preparation than to write a term paper.
Change or inconsistency in subject,
number, tense, and voice E.g. If a person works hard, you can accomplish a great deal. If a student does not understand a problem, they should consult the teacher. The girls went to the mall, but the boys stay in the house. As we looked out over the ocean, ships could be seen from a distance.