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A MICRO PROJECT REPORT

ON

NEUTRAL GRONDING - COLLECT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFERENT

MANUFACTURER A PREPARE REPORT

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF

THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA

IN

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Name of students Enrollment No

BABAR A.D 1611640049

BORADE O.P 1611640050

KAMBLE M.R 1711640186

HIRAVE A.S 1711640073

Submitted by

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof .Babar.P.R

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SONIYA GANDHI POLYTECHNIC

SHRIGONDA-413701.

(2019-2020)
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SONIYA GANDHI POLYTECHNIC

SHRIGONDA-413701

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project entitled

Submitted by

Name of students Enrollment No

BABAR A.D 1611640049

BORADE O.P 1611640050

KAMBALE M.R 1711640186

HIRAVE A.S 1711640073

Is the bonafied work completed in the academic year 2019-2020 under my supervision and guidance in
partial fulfilment for award of diploma “Diploma in Electrical Engineering” Maharashtra State Board Of
Technical Education.

Place: Shrigonda

(HOD)Babar.P.R Prof.Nagawade.A.B
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DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Micro Project entit "neutral grounding – collect
specification of different manufacturer a prepare prepare report " was carried out and
written by us under the guidance of Prof.Babar.P.R Department of Electrical Engineering,
Soniya Gandhi Polytechnic, Shrigonda. This work has not been previously formed the basis
for the award of any Diploma, Degree or Certificate.

Date:

Place:

Name of students Enrollment No Sign

BABAR A.D 1611 640049

BORADE O.P 1611640050

KAMBLE M.R 1711640186

HIRAVE A.S 1711640073

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Babar P.R of Electrical Engineering

Department for giving us an opportunity to accomplish Seminar on "neutral grounding –
collect specification of different manufacturer a prepare report". Without his active
support and guidance, this seminar would not have been successfully completed.

We also thankful to respected HOD Prof. Babar .P.R as our guide as well as project
coordinator for consistent support, guidance & averted help in this seminar. We are highly
indebted for his help.

We are also thankful to all faculty members of Electrical Engineering Department for
their valuable suggestion and those who help us directly or indirectly to complete our
Seminar Work.
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Index

Sr. No. Chapter Name Page No.

01 Introduction 06

02 History 07

03 Figure 08

05 Advantages and Disadvantages 09

06 Conclusion 10

07 Reference 11
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INTRODUCTION

The process of connecting neutral point of 3-phase system to earth (i.e. soil) either
directly or through some circuit element is called neutral grounding. Neutral grounding
provides protection to personal and equipment. It is because during earth fault, the current
path is completed through the earthed neutral and the protective devices (e.g. a fuse etc.)
operate to isolate the faulty conductor from the rest of the system. This point is illustrated in
Fig.

Fig. shows a 3-phase, star-connected system with neutral earthed. Suppose a single line to
ground fault occurs in line R at point F. This will cause the current to flow through ground
path as shown in Fig.1. Note that current flows from R phase to earth, then to neutral point N
and back to R-phase. Since the impedance of the current path is low, a large current flows
through this path. This large current will blow the fuse in R-phase and isolate the faulty line
R. This will protect the system from the harmful effects of the fault. One important feature of
grounded neutral is that the potential difference between the live conductor and ground will
not exceed the phase voltage of the system i.e. it will remain nearly constant.
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HISTORY
Nicola Tesla, a Yugoslav-born immigrant entering the United States in 1884, disclosed his
radical concept of a rotating magnetic field leading to the first practical induction motor four
years later, to provide the world with the workhorse of the industry One year later, the first
long-distance power transmission system for lighting of some 13 miles was placed in
operation between Portland and Willamette Falls, Ore, while George Westinghouse
introduced 60 Hz frequency in 1891, which became the standard in the U S In this banner
year, his company not only installed the first electrical equipment for asteel mill in
Bessemer, Pa., for the Carnegie Steel Company, but also the first ac power transmission
installation for industrial use at Telluride, Col0 In 1894, the first industrial power system,
powered by two local 500 kW waterwheel generators, was inaugurated to serve a textile
plant at Columbia Mills, S C In 1908, five 6000 HP motors (the largest ever built) produced
166 tons of rails per hour (the fastest rate in the world) at the Gary Works of the Indiana
Steel CO These breathtaking achievements of the electrical pioneering giants came fast and
furious with scant indication of the grounding mode being employed. But there is reason to
believe that the early three-phase industrial power systems were operated delta-
ungrounded for the practical reason that only three power conductors were required to
supply the three-phase load
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FIGURE

Figure 1
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 Advantages

 The solid grounding of neutral point has the following advantages:
 The neutral is effectively held at earth potential.

 When there is an earth fault on any phase of the system, the phase to earth
voltage of the faulty phase becomes zero. However, the phase to earth
voltages of the remaining two healthy phases remain at normal phase
voltage because the potential of the neutral is fixed at earth potential. This
permits to insulate the equipment for phase voltage. Therefore, there is a
saving in the cost of equipment.

 It becomes easier to protect the system from earth faults which frequently
occur on the system. When there is an earth fault on any phase of the
system, large fault current flows between the fault point and the grounded
neutral. This permits the easy operation of earth fault relay.

 Disadvantages
 The following are the disadvantages of solid grounding :

 Since most of the faults on an overhead system are phase to earth faults,
the system has to bear a large number of severe shocks. This causes the
system to become unstable.

 The solid grounding results in heavy earth fault currents. Since the fault
has to be cleared by the circuit breakers, the heavy earth fault currents
may cause the burning of circuit breaker contacts.

 The increased earth fault current results in greater interference in the

neighboring communication lines.
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Conclusion

This investigation is significant for protection, designing, planning, and operation of the
wind/PV GCS. The waveforms are analyzed for SCF current, which are used for designing the
protection strategy. This research presents the transient overcurrent and overvoltage
responses due to various faults, and the protection schemes such as solid, resistance, and
Peterson coil grounding are examined for minimizing fault currents. These features have a
significant contribution to the magnitudes and shapes of the current and voltage waveforms
along OHL. This research included three types of faults including the SCF, SLG fault, and DLG
fault. A detailed comparison between three cases has been examined, and this research was
on a conventional system alone with the wind/PV GCS. The wind/PV generator had the most
severe impact on the SCF. Fault calculation models are completed in ATP/EMTP software for
HV wind/PV GCSs. The models investigate SCFs under various grounding methods and fault
factors. SCF, SLG fault, and DLG fault currents are controlled by varying the value of fault
resistance. The capacitive charging currents in OHL contribute to the fault current. Voltages
of unfaulted phases are higher than the rated level of voltage.
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REFERENCES

  www.google.com
  www.wikipedia.org
  www.studymafia.org
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