Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Modern India
Advent of Europeans in India
Portuguese
Vasco-da-gama-arrived with 3 ship, led by a Gujrati pilot named Abdul Majid, at calicat
(zamorin the ruler of Calicut) in May 1498.
In 1599-A Group of English Merchant Calling east India company was formed.
In Dec 31,1600-queen Elizabeth –I issued a charter for EIC.
Captain Hawkin arrived in the court of Jahangir in 1609 and get permission to erect a
factory at Surat in 1613.
In 1615-sir Thomas roe get permission to setup factory at Agra, Ahmednagar and
broach of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
Bombay had been gifted to king Charles II by the king Portugal as dowry-for married
with Portuguese princes Catherine in 1662
Golden Farman-English Company’s Position improve when this Farman issued by
sultan of Golconda in 1632
1690-Job charnock signed a treaty with Mughal and set up a factory in sultanuti.
1698-English succeeded to get zamindary in 3 village sutanuti,Gobindapur and
kalikata.
Fort William was setup in 1700-1st president sir Charles eyre.
Farrukhsiyar’s Farman(1715)-John Surman(English) Secured 3 famous Farman-fiving
the company many privilege in Bengal, Gujarat and Hyderabad. The Farman has been
called as Magna carta of the company.
Battle of Plassey(1757)- English defeated sirajuddaula (Nawab of Bengal).This battle
called as decisive battle.
Battle of Buxar (1764)-Captain Munro defeated joint forced of mir qasim(Bengal),
Shujauddaula(awadh)and shah Alam II (Mughal).
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Danes
The Danish east India company was established in 1616 and 1620.
They founded a factory at serampore(Kolkata) and tranqubar(Tanjore-
Tamilnadu)
They sold their factory to British government in 1845
The Danes are better known for their missionary activities.
The French
During the reign of louis XIV, His famous minister Colbert lait the foundation of the
French east India company in 1664.
1668-1st French factory at Surat under fancois caron.
1669-Factory at Masulipatam;obalaining patent from sultan of Golconda.
1673-Establish a township at chandernagore (Calcutta) from shaista khan(Mughal
subadar)
1674-Pondicherry was founded –Nerve Centre of French power in India.
French were defeated by English in battle of wandiwash in 1760-Treaty of peace of
Paris.(1763).
Governor-Generals of Bengal
Warren Hasting(1773-1785)
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Governor-General of India
Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
1. 1st governor-general of India before him governor general of Bengal.
2. Abolition of sati and other cruel rites(1829)
3. Suppression of thugi(1830)
4. Charter Act of 1833 were passed.
5. Resolution of 1835-Introduction of English as an official language.
6. Annexation of mysore(1831),coorg(1834) and central cachar(1834)
7. Treaty of perpetual friendship with ranjeet singh
8. Abolition of provincial court of appeal and circuit set up Cornwallis
Lord Metcalfe (1835-1836)
1. New press law removing restrictions on the press in India
Lord Auckland (1836-1842)
1. 1st afghan war (1838-42)-English defeated.
2. Death of Ranjeet Singh(1839)
Lord Ellenborough(1842-1844)
Annexation of Sindh(1843)
War with Gwalior(1843)
Lord Hardinge I (1844-1848)
1)1st Anglo Sikh war (1845-46)-Treaty of Lahore.
2)Social Reforms including abolition of female infanticide and human sacrifice.
Lord Dalhousie(1848-1856)
1)2nd Anglo-Sikh war (1845-46)-Annexation of Punjab-(1846)
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Viceroys of India
Lord Canning (1858-1862)
1)Government of India Act 1858-Transfer of Control from East India Company to crown.
2)White Mutiny by European Troops in 1859.
3)Indian Council Act-1861.
Lord Elgin(1862-63)
1)Wahati Movement
Lord John Lawrence.(1864-1869)
1)Bhutan war (1865)
2)Setting up of high court at Calcutta, Bombay and madras in 1865.
3)Creation of Indian forest Department.
Lord Mayo(1869-1872)
1)Opening of the Rajkot College in Kathiawar and the Mayo college at Ajmer for political
Training of Indian princess
2)Establishment of statistical survey of India.1st time in Indian history a census was held in
1871.
3)Establishment of department of agriculture and commerce.
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Higher Education Institute
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Chauri chaura incident (feb 5,1922) and the subsequent withdrawal of non-Cooperation
Movement.
Moplah Rebellion in Kerala (1921)
Repeat of the press act of 1910 and rawlatt act of 1919.
Criminal Law Amendment Act and Abolition of Cotton exice.
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Visit of Simon commission to India 1928 and the boycott of the commission by the
Indian
All party conference held at Lucknow (1928), suggestion for the constitution of India
called Nehru report or Nehru constitution.
Appointment of the her court butler Indian state commission (1927)
Murdered of sounders (assistant superintendent of police of Lahore);bomb blast in the
assembly hall of Delhi (1929);Lahore conspiracy case and death of jatin das after
prolonged hunger strike(1929),Bomb accident in train in Delhi (1929)
Lahore session of the congress (1929);Purna swaraj resolution.
Dandi March (March 12,1930)by Gandhi to launch the civil disobedience movement.
Boycott of 1st round table conference (1930,Gandhi -Irvin pact (1931) and suspension of
civil disobedience movement.
Lord Willingdon (1931-1936)
2nd Round table conference (1931) and failure of the conference, resumption of civil
disobedience movement
Announcement of communal award (1932)
“Fast unto Death “by Gandhi in Yeravada Prion broken after the poon pact (1932)
3rd round table conference.
Launch of Individual civil disobedience (1933)
The Government of India Act 1935.
All India Kisan sabha(1936) and congress Socialist Party by Acharya narendra dev and
Jayapraksha Narayan(1934)
Burma separated from India 1935.
Lord Winlthgow(1936-1944)
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“August offer”(1940) by the viceroy;its critised by the congress and endorsement by the
muslim league.
Escape of Subhas Chandra bose (1941) from India and organization of Indan National
Army.
Cripps Mission’s-Plan to offer dominion status to India and setting up of constitutnt
assembly;its rejection by the congress.
Passing of the “quit India resolution”by the congress (1942)
“Divide and quit”Slogan at the karamchi session (1944) of the Muslim League.
Last vicenoy of british India and the 1st governor general of free india.Partition of India
decidedby the June 3 plan or Mount batter plan.
C.Rajagopalachari the 1st and Last Governon General of Free India.
India Independence Act was passed by the british parliament July 4,1947,By which
India become independence on August 15,1947.
By Raja ram Mohan Roy-Author of “Gift to Monotheist”. Precepts of Jesus and the
journal sambad kaumadi and Mirat-ul-Akbar.
Idea-Propagate monotheist, opposed sacrifices idolatry, superstition and sati.
Anti-Sati-Act 1929-Great effort of ram Mohan Roy.
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By Radhakant deb
Emerged to counter brahmo samaj and propagate orthodoxy.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Dodoba Pandurang
Mandali believe in one god. Breaking caste rule
Satyashodhak samaj(1873)
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Deva samaj(1887),Lahore
Shiv Narain Agnihotri
Favored a code of conduct against bribe taking ,gambling
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4. Socio – religious causes – the activities of Christian missionary who followed the British
flag in India.
5. Attempts at socio-religious reform such as abolition of sati, widow remarriage and
women’s educations.
6. Tax on mosque and temple land
7. Religious disability act 1856.
The report about the mixing of bone dust in Atta (flour) and the introduction of the
Enfield rifle enhanced the sepoy’s growing disaffection with the govt.
Enfield rifle, cartridge of which was greased with animal fat.
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INC split into two group-the extremist and the moderates, due to debate on nature of
swadeshi movement.
Extremist-Lal,Bal,Pal-Boycott of school,colleges,legislative councils,municipalities,law
court etc.
Moderate-G.k Gokhle,Dada bhai Naroji-called a bit because the popularity of the
extremists.
Marley-Minto Reform (1909)
Indian Home Rule League were organized on the line of the Irish Home Rule League.
Bal gangadhar Tilak (April 1916)started at Poona.
Annie besant and s.subramania Iyer (sept-19016)-Adyar(Madras)
Objective-Self Government for India in the British Empire.
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Pact between INC and Muslim League following a war between Britain and turkey
leading to anti-British feeling among Muslim.
Both organization jointly demand dominion status for the country.
August Declaration (1917)
People were agitates over the arrest of Dr.Kitchlu and Dr.satyapal on April
10,1919.General O’ Dyer fired at the people who assemble in the jalliawala bagh
Amritsar.
Hunter commission was appointed to enquire into it.
Rabindrnath Tagore returned his knighthood in Protest.
Sardar Udham ingh killed general Dyer in Caxton Hall London.
Montagu-Chelmsford Reform (1919)
Muslim were agitated by the treatment done with Turkey by the British in the Treaty
that followed the 1st world war.
Ali Brother, Mohd Ali and Shaukat Ali started this Movement.
It was Jointly led by the khilafat Leaders and the congress.
Rowlett Act (1919)
Every single Indian member of the central legislative council oppose it.
Imprison of any person without trial and conviction in court of law.
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Constituted by John Simon to revive the political situation in India and to Introduce
further and extension of Parliamentary Democracy.
Indian Leader oppose the commission- ‘Simon Go Back’
The Govt. Used Brutal repression and at Lahore Lala Lajpat Rai was Severely beaten in
Lathi Charge.
Nehru Report (1928)
After boycotting the Simon commission, all political parties constituted a committee
under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru and Tej Bahadur sapru to evolve and
determine the principal of constitution of Indian.
The report failed.
Lahore Session (1929)
On Dec 19,1929, Under the Presidency of J.L Nehru. The INC ant its Lahore session,
declared poorna swaraj(Complete independence)as it ultimate goal.
Tri-color flag adopted on December 31,1929, was unfurled and Jan 26,1930 was fixed
as the 1st Independence day to be celebrated every year.
Later this day was chosen as the Republic Day of India.
Dandi March (1930)
Countrywide mass participation by women. The Garhwal soldiers refused to fire on the
people at Peshawar.
First Round Table Conference (1930)
1st conference arranged between the British and Indians are equal
Held on Nov 12,1930 in London to Discuss Simon commission.
Hindu Mahrasabha and Muslim League Participate in it
The Conference fail due to absence of INC.
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The govt. represented by Lord Irwin and INC by Gandhi ji signed a Pact on March
5,1931.
In this the INC called off the civil disobedience Movement.
Join the 2nd Round Table Conference.
The Govt. allowed the Villagers on the coast to make salt for consumption and released
the political prisoner
The Karachi session of 1931 endorsed the Gandhi Irvin Pact
Second Round Table Conference
Gandhi ji represent the INC and went to London to meet British Prime Minister Ramsay
Macdonald.
Conference Failed-Gandhi ji could not agree on his policy communal representation.
Refusal of the British Govt. on the basic Indian demand for freedom.
Demand for Pakistan
In 1930, Iqbal suggested that North-west province and Kashmir should be made
Muslim states within the federation.
Chaudhary rehmat Ali gave the term Pakistan in 1933.
Muslim League 1st Passed the proposal of separate Pakistan in its Lahore session
1940(called Jinnah’s two nation Theory).
It was drafted by Sikandar Hyat Khan,moved by Fazhul Haq and Sended by
Khaliquazzamah.
In Dec 1943, Karachi Session of Muslim league adopted the slogan “Divide and Split”.
August offer (August 8,1940)
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Subhash Chandra bose escaped to berlin in 1941 and set up Indian League there.In
July 1943,he Joined the INA at Singapore. Ras Bihari Bose handed over the leadership
to him.
INA had three fighting brigades named after Gandhi,Azad and Nehru.Rani Jhansi
Brigade was an exclusive women force.
INA Head quarter at Rangoon and Singapore.
The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
The election result did not favor Muslim League.so, Jinnah withdraw his acceptance to
cabinet mission plan.
Muslim League passed a Direct Action Plan, which Condemned both the British govt.
and the congress (Aug 16,1946)
It resulted in Heavy communal riots.
Jinnah Celebrates Pakistan Day on March 27,1947.
Mountbatten Plan (June 3,1947)
India to be divided into India and Pakistan. There would be a separate constitutional
assembly for Pakistan to frame its constitution.
The princely states would enjoy the liberty to join either India on Pakistan or even
remain Independence.
Bengal and Punjab will be partitioned and referendum in NEF and Sylhet district of
Assam would be held.
Boundary commission was to be headed by Radcliffe.
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Higher Education Institute
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