K.J.

SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PROJECT NAME:
AM USING XR-2206

Branch: ETRX DIV: B Batch: B-2

SUBMITTED BY
Amol Kerkar 1712085
Mohil Khona 1712087
Advik Maniar 1712091
Arvind Mishra 1712092

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

MR NILESH LAKDE
Subject Faculty
Electronics Workshop - I
 CERTIFICATE
The project report entitled

AM USING XR-2206

Submitted by GROUP 2 students from BATCH B-2

Amol Kerkar 1712085
Mohil Khona 1712087
Advik Maniar 1712091
Arvind Mishra 1712092

of ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING PROGRAM [Third

year] Sem V, has been submitted and examined.

SUBJECT FACULTY PRINCIPAL HOD

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
SIGNATURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We extend our deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to
our electronic workshop subject teacher Mr. Nilesh Lakde for
giving us this golden opportunity to work on this project on the
topic “AM USING XR-2206” which helped us in doing a lot of
research. We are also grateful for his valuable support and
guidance in carrying our project report.

We also express our gratitude to all those who have supported

in our project work from lab assistants to our fellow mates who
have helped us in completing this project.

Furthermore we would also like to thank acknowledge with

much appreciation the crucial role Mr. Raghunath Patil in
completion of project on time.

TY ETRX
DIV-B,

BATCH B2,
Group-2

Amol Kerkar
Mohil Khona
Advik Maniar
Arvind Mishra

INTRODUCTION

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used

in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting
information via a radio carrier wave. In amplitude modulation,
the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave is varied in
proportion to that of the message signal being transmitted.
In this project XR 2206 was used inorder to modulate the
amplitude of the input carrier wave. The XR-2206 is comprised
of four functional blocks; a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO),
an analog multiplier and sine-shaper; a unity gain buffer
amplifier; and a set of current switches. The VCO produces an
output frequency proportional to an input current, which is set
by a resistor from the timing terminals to ground. With two
timing pins, two discrete output frequencies can be
independently produced for FSK generation applications by
using the FSK input control pin. This input controls the current
switches which select one of the timing resistor currents, and
routes it to the VCO.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
Output amplitude can be modulated by applying a dc bias and
a modulating signal to Pin 1. The internal impedance at Pin 1 is
approximately 100k. Output amplitude varies linearly with the
applied voltage at Pin 1, for values of dc bias at this pin, within
14 volts of VCC/2 as shown in Figure. As this bias level
approaches VCC/2, the phase of the output signal is reversed,
and the amplitude goes through zero. This property is suitable
for phase-shift keying and suppressed-carrier AM generation.
Total dynamic range of amplitude modulation is approximately
55dB.

LIST OF COMPONENTS

COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS QUANTITY

 NAME

IC XR 2206 16 PIN 1

IC Holder 16 Pin 1

Capacitor 10 uF 1

Capacitor 1 uF 2

Capacitor 2 nF 2

Resistors 4.7K ohm 4

Resistors 10K ohm 1

Resistors 47K ohm 1

Resistors 1K ohm 1

Screw Terminal 1 pin 3

XR 2206

The XR-2206 is a monolithic function generator integrated

circuit capable of producing high quality sine, square, triangle,
ramp, and pulse waveforms of high-stability and accuracy. The
output waveforms can be both amplitude and frequency
modulated by an external voltage. Frequency of operation can
be selected externally over a range of 0.01Hz to more than
1MHz. The circuit is ideally suited for communications,
instrumentation, and function generator applications requiring
sinusoidal tone, AM, FM, or FSK generation. It has a typical drift
specification of 20ppm/°C. The oscillator frequency can be
linearly swept over a 2000:1 frequency range with an external
control voltage, while maintaining low distortion.

PIN SPECIFICATION
Pin# Pin Name Pin Description
1 AMSI Amplitude Modulating Signal Input.
2 STO Sine or Triangle Wave Output.
3 MO Multiplier Output.
4 VCC Positive Power Supply.
5 TC1 Timing Capacitor Input.
6 TC2 Timing Capacitor Input.
7 TR1 Timing Resistor 1 Output.
8 TR2 Timing Resistor 2 Output.
9 SYMA2 Wave Symetry Adjust 2.
10 SYMA1 Wave Symetry Adjust 1.
11 WAVEA2 Wave Form Adjust Input 2
12 WAVEA1 Wave Form Adjust Input 1
13 GND Ground pin.
14 SYNCO Sync Output.
15 BIAS Internal Voltage Reference
16 FSKI Frequency Shift Keying Input.

Methodology
● Initial components required for the project were brought.
● Circuit diagram was available with us as shown in the
above description.
● Circuit connections were made according to the circuit
diagram on the breadboard.
● The system was then tested by 1) connecting DMM across
the output. 2) connecting a standard bulb at the output.
 ● Problems were troubleshooted and connections were
finalised,
● Once the circuit was finalised the PCB was designed using
EasyEDA software.
● Next step on the list was to print the PCB and drill the
holes which was done in the PCB lab of K.J. Somaiya
College of Engineering.
● Once PCB was ready, we mounted the circuit on the PCB
and soldered all the components
● 12V input was given to the circuit.

PCB Layout
Conclusion
We designed and implemented an AM Modulator Using XR 2206
which successfully modulates a wave by varying its amplitude
with respect to carrier wave. We studied that AM wave
modulated using XR 2206 is used specially as a means of
broadcasting an audio signal by combining it with a radio
carrier wave.