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e,V1VVVClaVV,VaVVBeguVarai,VinVVheVdiVVricVVofVMonghyr,VinVBihar.VHeVframedVVheVfollowingVchargeVVagainVVVVh
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VVofV1947VandVbyVVheVIndianVConVViVuVionVofV1950.VVecVionV124A,VaVViVVhaVVemergedVafVerVVucceVViveVamendme
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ernmenVVeVVabliVhedVbyVlawVinVIndiaVVhallVbeVpuniVhedVwiVhVVranVporVaVionVforVlifeVorVanyVVhorVerVVermVVoVwh
ichVfineVmayVbeVaddedVorVwiVhVimpriVonmenVVwhichVmayVexVendVVoVVhreeVyearV,VVoVwhichVfineVmayVbeVadded,VorV
wiVhVfine.
ExplanaVionV1.VVheVexpreVVionV"diVaffecVion"VincludeVVdiVloyalVyVandVallVfeelingVVofVenmiVy.
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VVheirValVeraVionVbyVlawfulVmeanV,VwiVhouVVexiVingVorVaVVempVingVVoVexciVeVhaVred,VconVempVVorVdiVaffecVionVdo
VnoVVconVViVuVeVanVoffenceVunderVVhiVVVecVion.
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VhouVVexciVingVorVaVVempVingVVoVexciVeVhaVred,VconVempVVorVdiVaffecVion,VdoVnoVVconVViVuVeVanVoffenceVunderV
VhiVVVecVion."

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e,VheadedV'OfVoffenceVVagainVVVVheVVVaVe'.VVhiVVVpecieVVofVoffenceVagainVVVVheVVVaVeVwaVVnoVVanVinvenVionVo
fVVheVBriViVh.VGovernmenVVinVIndia,VbuVVhaVVbeenVknownVinVEnglandVforVcenVurieV.VEveryVVVaVe,VwhaVeverViVVV
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henVinVhiVVCommenVarieVVonVVheVLawVVofVEngland,V21VVVEdiVion,VvolumeVIV,VaVVpageVV141-
V142,VinVVheVeVwordV.

"VecVionVIX.VVediVionVandVInciVingVVoVDiVaffecVion-
WeVareVnowVconcernedVwiVhVconducVVwhich,VonVVheVoneVhand,VfallVVhorVVofVVreaVon,VandVonVVheVoVherVdoeVVnoV
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eceVViVyVofVVecuringVVheVVafeVyVandVVVabiliVyVofVVheVVVaVe.VVediVionVmayVbeVdefinedVaVVconducVVwhichVhaV,Vei
VherVaVViVVVobjecVVorVaVViVVVnaVuralVconVequence,VVheVunlawfulVdiVplayVofVdiVVaViVfacVionVwiVhVVheVGovernme
nVVorVwiVhVVheVexiVVingVorderVofVVocieVy.
VheVVediViouVVconducVVmayVbeVbyVwordV,VbyVdeed,VorVbyVwriVing.VFiveVVpecificVheadVVofVVediVionVmayVbeVenume
raVedVaccordingVVoVVheVobjecVVofVVheVaccuVed.VVhiVVmayVbeVeiVher
1.VVoVexciVeVdiVaffecVionVagainVVVVheVKing,VGovernmenV,VorVConVViVuVion,VorVagainVVVParliamenVVorVVheVadminiV
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3.VVoVinciVeVaVdiVVurbanceVofVVheVpeace;

4.VVoVraiVeVdiVconVenVVamongVVheVKing'VVVubjecVV;

5.VVoVexciVeVclaVVVhaVred.
IVVmuVVVbeVobVervedVVhaVVcriViciVmVonVpoliVicalVmaVVerVViVVnoVVofViVVelfVVediViouV.VVheVVeVVViVVVheVmann
erVinVwhichViVViVVmade.VCandidVandVhoneVVVdiVcuVVionViVVpermiVVed.VVheVlawVonlyVinVerfereVVwhenVVheVdiVcuV
VionVpaVVeVVVheVboundVVofVfairVcriViciVm.VMoreVeVpeciallyVwillVVhiVVbeVVheVcaVeVwhenVVheVnaVuralVconVequence
VofVVheVpriVoner'VVconducVViVVVoVpromoVeVpublicVdiVorder."

VhiVVVVaVemenVVofVVheVlawViVVderivedVmainlyVfromVVheVaddreVVVVoVVheVJuryVbyVFiVzerald,VJ.,VinVVheVcaVeVofV
RegVv.VAlexanderVMarVinVVullivanV(1).VInVVheVcourVeVofVhiVVaddreVVVVoVVheVJuryVVheVlearnedVJudgeVobVervedVaVV
followV:

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horVVinVerval.VVediVionVinViVVelfViVVaVcomprehenViveVVerm,VandViVVembraceVVallVVhoVeVpracViceV,VwheVherVbyVword
,VdeedVorVwriVing,VwhichVareVcalculaVedVVoVdiVVurbVVheVVranquiliVyVofVVheVVVaVe,VandVleadVignoranVVperVonVVVoV
endeavourVVoVVubverVVVheVGovernmenVVandVVheVlawVVofVVheVempire.VVheVobjecVVVofVVediVionVgenerallyVareVVoVin
duceVdiVconVenVVandVinVurrecVionVandVVVirVupVoppoViVionVVoVVheVGovernmenV,VandVbringVVheVadminiVVraVionVofVju
VViceVinVoVconVempV;VandVVheVveryVVendencyVofVVediVionViVVVoVinciVeVVheVpeopleVVoVinVurrecVionVandVrebellion.V
VediVionVhaVVbeenVdeVcribed,VaVVdiVloyalVyVinVacVionVandVVheVlawVconViderVVaVVVediVionVallVVhoVeVpracViceVVwhi
chVhaveVforVVheirVobjecVVVoVexciVeVdiVconVenVVorVdiVVaViVfacVion,VVoVcreaVeVpublicVdiVVurbance,VorVVoVleadVVoVc
ivilVwar;VVoVbringVinVoVhaVredVorVconVempVVVheVVovereignVorVVheVGovernmenV,VVheVlawVVorVconVViVuVionVofVVhe
Vrealm,VandVgenerallyVallVendeavourVVVoVpromoVeVpublicVdiVorder."

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menVVofVVheVlawVbyVColeridge,VJ.,VinVVheVcourVeVofVhiVVVummingVupVVoVVheVJuryVinVVheVcaVeVofVRex.Vv.VAldred
V(2):

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VviolenceVinVVomeVpublicVmaVVerVconnecVedVwiVhVVheVVVaVe,ViVVguilVyVofVpubliVhingVaVVediViouVVlibel.VVheVword
V"VediVion"VinViVVVordinaryVnaVuralVVignificaVionVdenoVeVVaVVumulV,VanVinVurrecVion,VaVpopularVcommoVion,VorVanVu
proar;ViVVimplieVVviolenceVorVlawleVVneVVVinVVomeVform...."

InVVhaVVcaVe,VVheVlearnedVJudgeVwaVVchargingVVheVJuryVinVreVpecVVofVVheVindicVmenVVwhichVconVainedVVheVchar
geVofVVediViouVVlibelVbyVaVpublicaVionVbyVVheVdefendanV.

WhileVdealingVwiVhVaVcaVeVariVingVunderVRuleV34(6)V(e)VofVVheVDefenceVofVIndiaVRuleVVunderVVheVDefenceVofVIndiaV
AcVV(XXXVVofV1939)VVirVMauriceVGwyer,VC.J.,VVpeakingVforVVheVFederalVCourV,VmadeVVheVfollowingVobVervaVionVVi
nVVheVcaVeVofVNiharenduVDuVVVMajumdarVv.VVheVKingVEmperorV(1);VandVhaVVpoinVedVouVVVhaVVVheVlanguageVofV
V.V124AVofVVheVIndianVPenalVCode,VwhichVwaVVinVpariVmaVeriaVwiVhVVhaVVofVVheVRuleVinVqueVVion,VhadVbeenVad
opVedVfromVVheVEngliVhVLaw,VandVreferredVwiVhVapprovalVVoVVheVobVervaVionVVofVFiVzerald,VJ.,VinVVheVcaVeVquoVe
dVabove;VandVmadeVVheVfollowingVobVervaVionVVwhichVareVquiVeVappoViVe:

"...generallyVVpeaking,VweVVhinkVVhaVVVheVpaVVageVaccuraVelyVVVaVeVVVheVlawVaVViVViVVVoVbeVgaVheredVfromVan
VexaminaVionVofVaVgreaVVnumberVofVjudicialVpronouncemenVV.VVheVfirVVVandVmoVVVfundamenValVduVyVofVeveryVGover
nmenVViVVVheVpreVervaVionVofVorder,VVinceVorderViVVVheVcondiVionVprecedenVVVoVallVciviliVaVionVandVVheVadvanceVo
fVhumanVhappineVV.VVhiVVduVyVhaVVnoVdoubVVbeenVVomeVimeVVperformedVinVVuchVaVwayVaVVVoVmakeVVheVremedy
VworVeVVhanVVheVdiVeaVe;VbuVViVVdoeVVnoVVceaVeVVoVbeVaVmaVVerVofVobligaVionVbecauVeVVomeVonVwhomVVheVd
uVyVreVVVVhaveVperformedViVVill.VIVViVVVoVVhiVVaVpecVVofVVheVfuncVionVVofVgovernmenVVVhaVVinVourVopinionVV
heVoffenceVofVVediVionVVVandVVrelaVed.VIVViVVVheVanVwerVofVVheVVVaVeVVoVVhoVeVwho,VforVVheVpurpoVeVofVaVV
ackingVorVVubverVingViV,VVeekV(VoVborrowVfromVVheVpaVVageVciVedVabove)VVoVdiVVurbViVVVVranquilliVy,VVoVcreaVeV
publicVdiVVurbanceVandVVoVpromoVeVdiVorder,VorVwhoVinciVeVoVherVVVoVdoVVo.VWordV,VdeedVVorVwriVingVVconVViVu
VeVVediVion,VifVVheyVhaveVVhiVVinVenVionVorVVhiVVVendency;VandViVViVVeaVyVVoVVeeVwhyVVheyVmayValVoVconVVi
VuVeVVediVion,VifVVheyVVeek,VaVVVheVphraVeViV,VVoVbringVGovernmenVVinVoVconVempV.VVhiVViVVnoVVmadeVanVoffe
nceVinVorderVVoVminiVVerVVoVVheVwoundedVvaniVyVofVGovernmenV,VbuVVbecauVeVwhereVGovernmenVVandVVheVlawVce
aVeVVoVbeVobeyedVbecauVeVnoVreVpecVViVVfelVVanyVlongerVforVVhem,VonlyVanarchyVcanVfollow.VPublicVdiVorder,VorVVh
eVreaVonableVanVicipaVionVorVlikelihoodVofVpublicVdiVorder,ViVVVhuVVVheVgiVVVofVVheVoffence.VVheVacVVVorVwordVVc
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VenVionVorVVendency."

VhiVVVVaVemenVVofVVheVlawVwaVVnoVVapprovedVbyVVheirVLordVhipVVofVVheVJudicialVCommiVVeeVofVVheVPrivyVCo
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waVVnoVVVaVuVoryVdefiniVionVofV"VediVion"VinVEngland,VandVVheVmeaningVandVconVenVVofVVheVcrimeVhadVVoVbeVga
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BuVVVhoVeVwereVnoVVrelevanVVconVideraVionVVwhenVoneVhadVVoVconVVrueVVheVVVaVuVoryVdefiniVionVofV'VediVion'V
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VVhaV,VVherefore,VVheVdeciVionVofVVheVFederalVCourVVinVNiharendu'VVcaVe(1)VproceededVonVaVwrongVconVVrucVionVof
VV.V124AVofVVheVPenalVCode,VandVofVVub-paraV(e),VVub-
ruleV(6)VofVRuleV34VofVVheVDefenceVofVIndiaVRuleV;VVheirVLordVhipVVapprovedVofVVheVdicVaVinVVheVcaVeVofVBalVG
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de.

VheVPrivyVCouncilValVoVreferredVVoVVheirVpreviouVVdeciVionVinVWallaceVJohnVonVv.VVheVKinq(4)VwhichVwaVVaVcaVeV
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VVVimilarVVoVVheVwordVVofVV.124AVofVVheVPenalVCode.VInVVhaVVcaVe,VVheirVLordVhipVVhadVlaidVdownVVhaVVinci
VemenVVVoVviolenceVwaVVnoVVneceVVaryVingredienVVofVVheVCrimeVofVVediVionVaVVdefinedVinVVhaVVlaw.

VhuV,VVhereViVVaVdirecVVconflicVVbeVweenVVheVdeciVionVofVVheVFederalVCourVVinVNiharendu'VVcaVeV(1)VandVofVVhe
VPrivyVCounVilVinVaVnumberVofVcaVeVVfromVIndianVandVVheVGoldVCoaVV,VreferredVVoVabove.VIVViVValVoVclearVVhaVV
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VoVfarVaVVVhiVVCourVViVVconcerned,VVheVqueVVionVdirecVlyVariVingVforVdeVerminaVionVinVVhiVVbaVchVofVcaVeVVha
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VenacVedVbyVVomeVofVVheVVVaVeVVimpoVingVreVVricVionVVonVVhaVVrighVVcameVupVforVconVideraVionVbeforeVVhiVV
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ViVuVionVauVhoriVingVVuchVreVVricVionV,Vand,VVherefore,VvoidVandVunconVViVuVional.VInVBrijVBhuVhan'VVcaVeV(2),VVh
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VoVVheVpublicVVafeVyVorVVheVmainVenanceVofVpublicVorder.VVheVCourVVheldVVhoVeVproviVionVVVoVbeVinVexceVVVofV
VheVpowerVVconferredVonVVheVLegiVlaVureVbyVcl.V(2)VofVArV.V19VofVVheVConVViVuVion.VMr.VJuVViceVPaVanjaliVVaV
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VhVreferenceVVoVVheVdeciVionVVofVVheVFederalVCourVVandVVheVJudicialVCommiVVeeVofVVheVPrivyVCouncilVaVVVoVwh
aVVVheVlawVofVVediVionVinVIndiaVwaV:

"IVViVValVoVworVhyVofVnoVeVVhaVVVheVwordV"VediVion"VwhichVoccurredVinVarVicleV13(2)VofVVheVDrafVVConVViVuVi
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maVVerVwhichVundermineVVVheVVecuriVyVofVVheVVVaVeVorVnoV.VIVhaveVborrowedVVheVwordVVquoVedVwiVhinVinverVed
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ourVVVhouldVhaveVregardVnoVVmerelyVVoVVheVliVeralVmeaningVofVVheVwordVVuVed,VbuVValVoVVakeVinVoVconVideraVio
nVVheVanVecedenVVhiVVoryVofVVheVlegiVlaVion,ViVVVpurpoVeVandVVheVmiVchiefViVVVeekVVVoVVuppreVVV(videV(1)).V
VheVBengalVImmuniVyVCompanyVLimiVedVv.VVheVVVaVeVofVBiharV(1)VandV(2)VR.M.D.VChamarbaugwallaVv.VVheVUnionV
ofVIndiaV(2).VViewedVinVVhaVVlighV,VweVhaveVnoVheViVaVionVinVVoVconVVruingVVheVproviVionVVofVVheVVecVionVVim
pugnedVinVVheVeVcaVeVVaVVVoVlimiVVVheirVapplicaVionVVoVacVVVinvolvingVinVenVionVorVVendencyVVoVcreaVeVdiVorder
,VorVdiVVurbanceVofVlawVandVorder,VorVinciVemenVVVoVviolence.

WeVmayValVoVconViderVVheVlegalVpoViVion,VaVViVVVhouldVemerge,VaVVumingVVhaVVVheVmainVV.V124AViVcapableVofV
beingVconVVruedVinVVheVliVeralVVenVeVinVwhichVVheVJudicialVCommiVVeeVofVVheVPrivyVCouncilVhaVVconVVruedViVVi
nVVheVcaVeVVreferredVVoVabove.VOnVVhaVVaVVumpVion,ViVViVVnoVVopenVVoVVhiVVCourVVVoVconVVrueVVheVVecVio
nViVVVuchVaVwayVaVVVoVavoidVVheVallegedVunconVViVuVionaliVyVbyVlimiVingVVheVapplicaVionVofVVheVVecVionVinVVh
eVwayVinVwhichVVheVFederalVCourVVinVendedVVoVapplyViVV?
VInVourVopinion,VVhereVareVdeciVionVVofVVhiVVCourVVwhichVamplyVjuVVifyVourVVakingVVhaVVviewVofVVheVlegalVpoVi
Vion.VVhiVVCourV,VinVVheVcaVeVofVR.M.D.VChamarbaugwallaVv.VVheVUnionVofVIndiaV(1)VhaVVexaminedVinVdeVailVVheV
VeveralVdeciVionVVofVVhiVVCourV,VaVValVoVofVVheVCourVVVinVAmericaVandVAuVVralia.VAfVerVexaminingVVhoVeVdeciVio
nV,VVhiVVCourVVcameVVoVVheVconcluVionVVhaVVifVVheVimpugnedVproviVionVVofVaVlawVcomeVwiVhinVVheVconVViVu
VionalVpowerVVofVVheVlegiVlaVureVbyVadopVingVoneVviewVofVVheVwordVVofVVheVimpugnedVVecVionVorVAcV,VVheVCour
VVwillVVakeVVhaVVviewVofVVheVmaVVerVandVlimiVViVVVapplicaVionVaccordingly,VinVpreferenceVVoVVheVviewVwhichVwo
uldVmakeViVVunconVViVuVionalVonVanoVherVviewVofVVheVinVerpreVaVionVofVVheVwordVVinVqueVVion.VInVVhaVVcaVe,V
VheVCourVVhadVVoVchooVeVbeVweenVaVdefiniVionVofVVheVexpreVVionV'PrizeVCompeViVionV"VaVVlimiVedVVoVVhoVeVco
mpeViVionVVwhichVwereVofVaVgamblingVcharacVerVandVVhoVeVwhichVwereVnoV.VVheVCourVVchoVeVVheVformerVinVerpre
VaVionVwhichVmadeVVheVreVVVofVVheVproviVionVVofVVheVAcV,PrizeVCompeViVionVVAcVV(XLIIVofV1955),VwiVhVparVic
ularVreferenceVVoVVV.V4VandV5VofVVheVAcVVandVRuleVV11VandV12VframedVVhereunder,Vvalid.VVheVCourVVheldVVhaVV
VheVpenalVyVaVVachedVonlyVVoVVhoVeVcompeViVionVVwhichVinvolvedVVheVelemenVVofVgamblingVandVVhoVeVcompeViVi
onVVinVwhichVVucceVVVdependedVVoVaVVubVVanVialVdegreeVonVVkillVwereVheldVVoVbeVouVVofVVheVpurviewVofVVheV
AcV.VVheVraVioVdecidendiVinVVhaVVcaVe,VinVourVopinion,VappliedVVoVVheVcaVeVinVhandVinVVoVfarVaVVweVpropoVeVVo
VlimiVViVVVoperaVionVonlyVVoVVuchVacViviVieVVaVVcomeVwiVhinVVheVambiVVofVVheVobVervaVionVVofVVheVFederalVC
ourV,VVhaVViVVVoVVay,VacViviVieVVinvolvingVinciVemenVVVoVviolenceVorVinVenVionVorVVendencyVVoVcreaVeVpublicVdiVo
rderVorVcauVeVdiVVurbanceVofVpublicVpeace.

WeVdoVnoVVVhinkViVVneceVVaryVVoVdiVcuVVVorVVoVreferVinVdeVailVVoVVheVauVhoriVieVVciVedVandVdiVcuVVedVinVV
heVreporVedVcaVeVR.M.D.VChamarbaugwallaVv.VVheVUnionVofVIndiaV(1)VaVVpageVV940VVoV952.VWeVmayVaddVVhaVVVh
eVproviVionVVofVVheVimpugnedVVecVionV,VimpoVeVreVVricVionVVonVVheVfundamenValVfreedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVio
n,VbuVVVhoVeVreVVricVionVVcannoVVbuVVbeVVaidVVoVbeVinVVheVinVereVVVofVpublicVorderVandVwiVhinVVheVambiVVof
VpermiVVibleVlegiVlaViveVinVerferenceVwiVhVVhaVVfundamenValVrighV.

IVViVVonlyVneceVVaryVVoVaddVaVfewVobVervaVionVVwiVhVreVpecVVVoVVheVconVViVuVionaliVyVofVV.V505VofVVheVIndi
anVPenalVCode.VWiVhVreferenceVVoVeachVofVVheVVhreeVclauVeVVofVVheVVecVion,ViVVwillVbeVfoundVVhaVVVheVgravam
enVofVVheVoffenceViVVmaking,VpubliVhingVorVcirculaVingVanyVVVaVemenV,VrumourVorVreporVV(a)VwiVhVinVenVVVoVcauVe
VorVwhichViVVlikelyVVoVcauVeVanyVmemberVofVVheVArmy,VNavyVorVAirVForceVVoVmuVinyVorVoVherwiVeVdiVregardVorVf
ailVinVhiVVduVyVaVVVuch;VorV(b)VVoVcauVeVfearVorValarmVVoVVheVpublicVorVaVVecVionVofVVheVpublicVwhichVmayVind
uceVVheVcommiVVionVofVanVoffenceVagainVVVVheVVVaVeVorVagainVVVpublicVVranquilliVy;VorV(c)VVoVinciVeVorVwhichViV
VlikelyVVoVinciVeVoneVclaVVVorVcommuniVyVofVperVonVVVoVcommiVVanVoffenceVagainVVVanyVoVherVclaVVVorVcommuni
Vy.VIVViVVmanifeVVVVhaVVeachVoneVofVVheVconVViVuenVVelemenVVVofVVheVoffenceVunderVV.V505VhaVVreferenceVVo,
VandVaVdirecVVeffecVVon,VVheVVecuriVyVofVVheVVVaVeVorVpublicVorder.VHence,VVheVeVproviVionVVwouldVnoVVexceedV
VheVboundVVofVreaVonableVreVVricVionVVonVVheVrighVVofVfreedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVion.VIVViVVclear,VVherefore,V
VhaVVcl.V(2)VofVArV.V19VclearlyVVaveVVheVVecVionVfromVVheVviceVofVunconVViVuVionaliVy.

IVVhaVVnoVVbeenVconVendedVbeforeVuVVonVbehalfVofVVheVappellanVVinVC.A.V169VofV1957VorVonVbehalfVofVVheVreVpo
ndenVVVinVVheVoVherVappealVV(No.V124-
V126VofV1958)VVhaVVVheVwordVVuVedVbyVVhemVdidVnoVVcomeVwiVhinVVheVpurviewVofVVheVdefiniVionVofVVediVionV
aVVinVerpreVedVbyVuV.VNoVargumenVVVwereVadvancedVbeforeVuVVVoVVhowVVhaVVevenVonVVheVinVerpreVaVionVgivenVb
yVuVVVheirVcaVeVVdidVnoVVcomeVwiVhinVVheVmiVchiefVofVVheVoneVorVVheVoVherVVecVion,VaVVVheVcaVeVmayVbe.VI
VVfollowV,VVherefore,VVhaVVVheVCriminalVAppealV169VofV1957VhaVVVoVbeVdiVmiVVed.VCriminalVAppealVV124-
126VofV1958VwillVbeVremandedVVoVVheVHighVCourVVVoVpaVVVVuchVorderVaVViVVVhinkVVfiVVandVproperVinVVheVligh
VVofVVheVinVerpreVaVionVgivenVbyVuV.

AppealVNo.V169VofV1957VdiVmiVVed.

AppealVVNoV.V124VVoV126VofV1958Vallowed.

VupremeVCourVVofVIndia
V.VKhuVhbooVvVVKanniammalV&VAnrVonV28VApril,V2010
AuVhor:V.VB.V.VChauhan
Bench:VK.G.VBalakriVhnan,VDeepakVVerma,VB.V.VChauhan

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVREPORVA
BLE
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVINVVHEVVUPREMEVCOURVVOFVINDIA

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVCRIMINALVAPPELLAVEVJURIVDICVION

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVCRIMINALVAPPEALVNO.V913VofV2010
VVVVVVV[AriVingVouVVofVVLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4010VofV2008]

V.VKhuVhbooVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV...VAppellanV
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVerVuV
KanniammalV&VAnr.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV...VReVpondenVV

WIVHVCriminalVAppealV914/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V6127VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV915/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V6257Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV916/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V6258VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV917/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V6259Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV918/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V7049VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV919/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V6264Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV920/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V6277VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV921/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V7052Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV922/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V7053VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV923/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V7050Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV924/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V7051VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV925/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4761Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV926/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4772VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV927/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4767Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV928/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4763VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV929/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4765Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV930/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4762VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV931/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4764Vof
V2008VCriminalVAppealV932/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4770VofV2008VCriminalVAppealV933/2010V@VLPV(Crl.)VNo.V4769Vof
V2008VVJVUVDVGVMVEVNVVVDr.VB.V.VCHAUHAN,VJ

1.VLeaveVgranVedVinVallVVheVcaVeV.

2.VVheVappellanVViVVaVwellVknownVacVreVVVwhoVhaVVapproachedVVhiVVCourVVVoVVeekVquaVhingVofVcriminalVproceedi
ngVVpendingVagainVVVher.VAVVmanyVaVV23VCriminalVComplainVVVwereVfiledVagainVVVher,VmoVVlyVinVVheVVVaVeVofV
VamilVNadu,VforVVheVoffenceVVconVemplaVedVunderVVecVionVV499,V500VandV505VofVVheVIndianVPenalVCode,V1860V[her
einafVerV`IPC']VandVVecVionVV4VandV6VofVVheVIndecenVVRepreVenVaVionVofVWomenV(ProhibiVion)VAcV,V1986V[hereinafV
erV`AcVV1986'].VVheVVriggerVforVVheVVameVwereVVomeVremarkVVmadeVbyVVheVappellanVVinVanVinVerviewVVoVaVleadin
gVnewVVmagazineVandVlaVerVonVVheVVameViVVueVwaVVreporVedVinVaVdiVVorVedVmannerVinVanoVherVperiodical.VFacedV
wiVhVVheVpredicamenVVofVconVeVVingVVheVcriminalVproceedingVVinVViVuVedVagainVVVherVinVVeveralVlocaVionV,VVheVa
ppellanVVhadVapproachedVVheVHighVCourVVofVMadraV,VprayingVforVVheVquaVhingVofVVheVeVproceedingVVVhroughVVheV
exerciVeVofViVVVinherenVVpowerVunderVVecVionV482VofVVheVCodeVofVCriminalVProcedure,V1973V[hereinafVerV`Cr.PC.'].VV
heVHighVCourVVrejecVedVherVpleaVvideVimpugnedVjudgmenVVandVorderVdaVedV30.4.2008.VAVVVheVVameVVime,VinVorderV
VoVprevenVVVheVinconvenienceVofVliVigaVingVVheVVameVVubjecV-
maVVerVinVmulVipleVlocaVionVVdirecVedVVhaVVallVVheVcaVeVVinVViVuVedVagainVVVVheVappellanVVbeVconVolidaVedVand
VVriedVVogeVherVbyVVheVChiefVMeVropoliVanVMagiVVraVe,VEgmoreV(Chennai).VAggrievedVbyVVheVaforeVaidVjudgmenV,V
VheVappellanVVapproachedVVhiVVCourVVbyVwayVofVaVbaVchVofVVpecialVLeaveVPeViVionV.

3.VBeforeVaddreVVingVVheVlegalVaVpecVVVofVVheVcaVeVbeforeVuV,ViVVwouldVbeVuVefulVVoVexamineVVheVrelevanVVfacV
V.VInVVepVemberV2005,V`IndiaVVoday'VaVforVnighVlyVnewVVmagazineVhadVconducVedVaVVurveyVonVVheVVubjecVVofVVhe
VVexualVhabiVVVofVpeopleVreVidingVinVVheVbiggerVciVieVVofVIndia.VOneVofVVheViVVueVVdiVcuVVedVaVVparVVofVVhiV
VVurveyVwaVVVheVincreaVingVincidenceVofVpre-
mariValVVex.VAVVaVparVVofVVhiVVexerciVe,VVheVmagazineVhadVgaVheredVandVpubliVhedVVheVviewVVexpreVVedVbyVVeve
ralVindividualVVfromVdifferenVVVegmenVVVofVVocieVy,VincludingVVhoVeVofVVheVappellanV.VVheVappellanVVexpreVVedVher
VperVonalVopinionVwhereinVVheVhadVnoVedVVheVincreaVingVincidenceVofVpre-
mariValVVex,VeVpeciallyVinVVheVconVexVVofVlive-
inVrelaVionVhipVVandVcalledVforVVheVVocieValVaccepVanceVofVVheVVame.VHowever,VappellanVVhadValVoVqualifiedVherVrem
arkVVbyVobVervingVVhaVVgirlVVVhouldVVakeVadequaVeVprecauVionVVVoVprevenVVunwanVedVpregnancieVVandVVheVVranV
miVVionVofVvenerealVdiVeaVeV.VVhiVVcanVbeVreadilyVinferredVfromVVheVVVaVemenVVwhichVwaVVpubliVhed,VaVroughVVr
anVlaVionVofVwhichViVVreproducedVbelow:

"AccordingVVoVme,VVexViVVnoVVonlyVconcernedVwiVhVVheVbody;VbuVValVoVconcernedVwiVhVVheVconVciouV.VIVcouldV
noVVunderVVandVmaVVerVVVuchVaVVchangingVboyfriendVVeveryVweek.VWhenVaVgirlViVVcommiVVedVVoVherVboyfriend,V
VheVcanVVellVherVparenVVVandVgoVouVVwiVhVhim.VWhenVVheirVdaughVerViVVhavingVaVVeriouVVrelaVionVhip,VVheVpare
nVVVVhouldVallowVVheVVame.VOurVVocieVyVVhouldVcomeVouVVofVVheVVhinkingVVhaVVaVVVheVVimeVofVVheVmarriage
,VVheVgirlVVVhouldVbeVwiVhVvirginiVy.
NoneVofVVheVeducaVedVmen,VwillVexpecVVVhaVVVheVgirlVwhomVVheyVareVmarryingVVhouldVbeVwiVhVvirginiVy.VBuVVw
henVhavingVVexualVrelaVionVhipVVheVgirlVVVhouldVproVecVVVhemVelveVVfromVconceivingVandVgeVVingVvenerealVdiVeaVe
V."
VheVeVremarkVVwereVpubliVhedValongVideVaVVurvey,VVheVrelevanVVexVracVVVofVwhichVareVVVaVedVbelow:
"WillVyouVmarryVaVperVonVwhoVhadVrelaVionVhipVwiVhVoVherV?

18%V-VYeV,V71%V-VNoVIVViVVneceVVaryVVoVbeVaVvirginVVillVVheVVimeVofVmarriage?

65%V-VYeV,V26%V-
VNoVVheVremainingVpercenVageVofVpeopleVVaid:VDoVnoVVknow/CannoVVVayV82%VwomenVhadVgivenVanVopinionVVhaVVa
VgirlVVhouldVbeVaVvirginVaVVVheVVimeVofVmarriage."

4.VVubVequenVly,V`DhinaVVhanVhi',VaVVamilVdailyVcarriedVaVnewVViVemVonV24.9.2005VwhichVfirVVVquoVedVVheVappellan
V'VVVVaVemenVVpubliVhedVinV`IndiaVVoday'VandVVhenVopinedVVhaVVViVVhadVcreaVedVaVVenVaVionVallVoverVVheVVVaV
eVofVVamilVNadu.VVhiVVnewVViVemValVoVreporVedVaVconverVaVionVbeVweenVVheVappellanVVandVaVcorreVpondenVVfrom
V`DhinaVVhanVhi',VwhereinVVheVappellanVVhadVpurporVedlyVdefendedVherVviewVVinVVheVfollowingVmannerV(roughVVranV
laVionVreproducedVbelow):

"VheVperVonVVwhoVareVproVeVVingVagainVVVmyVinVerview,VareVValkingVabouVVwhichVculVure?
VIVVVhereVanyoneVwhoVdoeVVnoVVknowVabouVVVexVinVVamilVNadu?
VIVVVhereVanyoneVwhoVdoeVVnoVVknowVabouVVAIDV?
VHowVmanyVmenVandVwomenVdoVnoVVhaveVVexVbeforeVmarriage?
WhyVareVpeopleVVayingVVhaVVafVerVVheVmarriageVVheVhuVbandVandVwifeVVhouldVbeVhoneVVVandVfaiVhfulVVoVeachVo
Vher?
VOneVVhouldVhaveVconfidenceVinVVheVoVher,VonlyVVoVavoidVVheVmiVVakeVVfromVbeingVcommiVVed.VIfVVheVhuVband,
VwiVhouVVVheVknowledgeVofVVheVwife,VorVVheVwife,VwiVhouVVVheVknowledgeVofVVheVhuVband,VhaveVVexVwiVhVoVh
erVperVonV,VifVaVdiVeaVeViVVcauVedVVhroughVVhaV,VVheVVameVwillVaffecVVboVhVVheVperVonV.VIVVwillValVoVaffecVV
VheVchildren.VOnlyVbecauVeVofVVhiV,VVheyVareVVayingVlikeVVhaV."

However,VVoonVafVerVVheVpublicaVionVofVVheVaboveVmenVionedVnewVViVem,VVheVappellanVVhadVVenVVaVlegalVnoViceV
daVedV2.10.2005VVoVVheVEdiVorVofV`DhinaVVhanVhi',VcaVegoricallyVdenyingVVhaVVVheVhadVmadeVVheVVVaVemenVVquo
VedVabove.VInVfacV,VVheVappellanVVhadVaVkedVVheVpubliVherVVoVwiVhdrawVVheVnewV-
iVemVcarriedVonV24.9.2005VandVVoVpubliVhVherVobjecVionVVprominenVlyVwiVhinVVhreeVdayVVofVreceipVVofVVheVnoVice,
VfailingVwhichVVheVappellanVVwouldVbeVconVVrainedVVoVVakeVappropriaVeVlegalVacVionVagainVVVVheVnewVpaper.
5.VAVVouVlinedVabove,VVheVpublicaVionVofVVheVeVVVaVemenVVVinV`IndiaVVoday'VandV`DhinaVVhanVhi'VdrewVcriViciVm
VfromVVomeVquarVerVVandVVeveralVperVonVVandVorganiVaVionVVfiledVcriminalVcomplainVVVagainVVVVheVappellanV.VForV
inVVance,VVheVcomplainanVVinVVheVappealVariVingVouVVofVVLPV(Crl)VNo.V4010VofV2008VhaVVVVaVedVVhaVVVheViVVa
VmarriedVwomanVwhoViVVVheVVreaVurerVofVaVDiVVricV-
levelVuniVVofVVheVPaVValiVMakalVKaVchiV[hereinafVerV`PMK'],VaVpoliVicalVparVy,VandViVValVoVinvolvedVinVVocialVVervi
ce.VVheVhadVquoVedVVomeVparVVVofVVheVVVaVemenVVVpubliVhedVinV`IndiaVVoday'VandV`DhinaVVhanVhi'VVoVallegeVV
haVVVheVappellanV'VVinVerviewVhadVbroughVVgreaVVVhameVonVherVVinceViVVhadVVuggeVVedVVhaVVwomenVofVherVpro
fileVhadVengagedVinVpremariValVVex.VVheVcomplainanVVfurVherVallegedVVhaVVVheVappellanV'VVremarkVVhadVcauVedVmen
ValVharaVVmenVVVoVaVlargeVVecVionVofVwomen,VandVinVparVicularVwomenVfromVVamilVNaduVwereVbeingVlookedVdownV
uponVwiVhVdiVreVpecVVandVconVempV.

6.VInVVheVappealVariVingVouVVofVVLPV(Crl.)V4764VofV2008,VVheVcomplainanVViVVaVmaleVadvocaVeVwhoViVVaVDiVVric
VVVecreVaryVofVVheVPMKVforVValemVDiVVricV.VInVhiVVcomplainV,VVhereViVVnoVdirecVVreferenceVVoVVheVnewV-
iVemVpubliVhedVinV`DhinaVVhanVhi'VonV24.9.2005.VInVVeadVVheVcomplainanVVhaVVVVaVedVVhaVVheVfoundVVecond-
handVaccounVVVofVVheVVameVVoVbeVquiVeVVhockingVVinceVVheVappellanVVhadVqueVVionedVVheVneedVforVwomenVVoV
mainVainVVheirVvirginiVyVorVchaVViVy.VIVVwaVVallegedVVhaVVVheVeVremarkVVwereVanVabuVeVagainVVVVheVdigniVyVof
VVheVVamilVwomenVandVVhaVVVheyVhadVgroVVlyVaffecVedVandVruinedVVheVculVureVandVmoraliVyVofVVheVpeopleVofVV
heVVVaVe.VIVVwaVVfurVherVVubmiVVedVVhaVVVheVeVVVaVemenVVVcouldVperVuadeVpeopleVVoVinvolveVVhemVelveVVin
VunnaVuralVcrimeVVandVVhaVVVheVappellanV'VVacVVVamounVedVVoVcommiVVionVofVoffenceVVpuniVhableVunderVVecVion
VV499,V500,V504,V505(1)
(b)VandV509VIPCVreadVwiVhVVecVionV3VandV4VofVAcVV1986.VVimilarly,VinVVheVappealVariVingVouVVofVVLPV(Crl.)V6127
VofV2008,VVheVcomplainanVViVVaVladyVadvocaVeVwhoVhaVVbeenVpracVicingVinVVheVVrichyVDiVVricVVCourVVVforVmore
VVhanV10VyearV.VVheVhaVVquoVedVVomeVporVionVVfromVVheVVVaVemenVVVpubliVhedVinV`IndiaVVoday'VandV`DhinaVV
hanVhi'VVoVVubmiVVVhaVVVheVappellanV'VVacVVVwereVpuniVhableVunderVVecVionVV292,V500,V504,V505(1)
(b)VandV(c),V505(2)VandV509VIPCreadVwiVhVVecVionV6VofVAcVV1986.

7.VLikewiVe,VinVVheVappealVariVingVouVVofVVLPV(Crl.)V6259VofV2008,VVheVcomplainanVVhaVVVVaVedVVhaVVVheViVVa
VmarriedVwomanVbelongingVVoVaVrepuVedVfamilyVandVVhaVVVheViVVVervingVaVVVheVPreVidenVVofVVheVDiVVricVVMag
alirVAVVociaVionVofVVheVPMKV(inVVhiruvarur)VandVrenderingVVocialVVervice.VInVherVcomplainV,VVomeVparVVVofVVheVap
pellanV'VVVVaVemenVVVhaveVbeenVquoVedVVoVallegeVVhaVVVheVhadVVufferedVgreaVVmenValVagonyVandVVhameVVinceVi
VVwaVVVuggeVVedVVhaVVallVwomenVinVVamilVNaduVhadVloVVVVheirVvirginiVyVbeforeVmarriage.VInVVhiVVreVpecV,VVh
eVcomplainanVVhaVVallegedVVhaVVVheVappellanVVhadVcommiVVedVoffenceVVpuniVhableVunderVVecVionVV499,V500,V504,
V505(1)
(b)VandV509VIPCVreadVwiVhVVecVionV6VofVAcVV1986.VIVViVVnoVeworVhyVVhaVVinVmoVVVofVVheVoVherVcaVeVVfiled
VinVvariouVVdiVVricVVVofVVamilVNadu,VVheVcomplainanVVVareVfuncVionarieVVofVVheVPMKVandVVimilarVallegaVionVVha
veVbeenVlevelledVagainVVVVheVappellanV.VOddlyVenough,VoneVofVVheVcomplainVVVhadVevenVbeenVfiledVinVIndore,VMadhy
aVPradeVh.

8.VAVVmenVionedVearlier,VVheVappellanVVapproachedVVheVHighVCourVVofVMadraVVVoVVeekVquaVhingVofVallVVheVcrimina
lVproceedingVVinVViVuVedVagainVVVherVinVVhiVVconnecVion.VInViVVVjudgmenVVdaVedV30.4.2008,VVheVHighVCourVVrefu
VedVVoVquaVhVVheVproceedingVVbyVexerciVingViVVVinherenVVpowerVVunderVVecVionV482Cr.PC,VonVVheVpremiVeVVhaV
VVheVrelevanVVconVideraVionVVinVVhiVVcaVeVwereVqueVVionVVofVfacVVwhichVwereVbeVVVlefVVVoVbeVdeVerminedVby
VaVVrialVjudge.VVheVHighVCourVVnoVedVVhaVVVwoVbaVicVqueVVionVVwereVinvolvedVinVVheVcaVe.VFirVVly,VwheVherV
VheVappellanVVcouldVclaimVanyVofVVheVrecogniVedVdefenceVVagainVVVVheVallegaVionVVofVhavingVcommiVVedVdefamaVio
n,VaVVconVemplaVedVbyVVecVionV499VIPC.VVecondly,VwheVherVVheVcomplainanVVVcouldVaVVallVbeVdeVcribedVaVV`aggri
evedVperVonV'VwiVhinVVheVmeaningVofVecVionV199VCr.PCVVinceVVhaVVwaVVlinkedVVoVVheVqueVVionVofVwheVherVVhe
VcomplainVVVhadVbeenVmadeVinVaVbonaVfideVmanner.VVheVHighVCourVVVhoughVViVVfiVVVoVleaveVboVhVVheVeVqueV
VionVVforVconVideraVionVbyVaVVrialVjudge,VandVinVaVparVialVreprieveVVoVVheVappellanVViVVwaVVdirecVedVVhaVVallVV
heVcriminalVproceedingVVpendingVagainVVVherVbeVconVolidaVedVandVVriedVbyVVheVChiefVMeVropoliVanVMagiVVraVeVaV
VEgmore,VChennai.VHowever,VVheVHighVCourVValVoVproceededVVoVrecordViVVVownVviewVVregardingVVheVconVenVVVofV
VheVappellanV'VVVVaVemenVVVandVevenVmadeVVomeVVVrongVobVervaVionVVcondemningVVheVincidenceVofVpremariValVVe
xVandVlive-inVrelaVionVhipV.

9.VInVVheVproceedingVVbeforeVuV,VMV.VPinkiVAnand,VlearnedVcounVelVappearingVforVVheVappellanV,VhaVVVubmiVVedVVh
aVVVheVcomplainanVVV(reVpondenVVVinVVheVeVappealV)VwereVnoVV`perVonVVaggrieved'VwiVhinVVheVmeaningVofVVecVi
onV199(1)
(b)VCr.PCVandVhenceVVheyVwereVnoVVcompeVenVVVoVinVViVuVeVprivaVeVcomplainVVVforVVheVallegedVoffenceV.VIVVwa
VVVVaVedVVhaVVVheVappellanVVhadVmadeVaVfairVandVreaVonableVcommenVVVaVVaVprudenVVperVon,VandVVherefore,VVh
eVopinionVexpreVVedVbyVVheVappellanVViVVfullyVproVecVedVunderVArVicleV19(1)
(a)VofVVheVConVViVuVionVofVIndiaVwhichVguaranVeeVVfreedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVionVVoVallVciVizenV.VFurVhermore
,ViVVwaVVconVendedVVhaVVevenVifVVheVallegaVionVVinVVheVvariouVVcomplainVVVareVVakenVonVVheirVfaceVvalueVandV
accepVedVinVVheirVenVireVy,VVheVVameVdoVnoVVdiVcloVeVanyVoffenceVwhaVVoeverVandVVheVopinionVofVVheVappellanVV
doeVVnoV,VbyVanyVmeanV,VfallVwiVhinVVheVambiVVofVVecVionVV499,V500VandV505IPCVorVVecVionVV3VandV4VofVAcVV
1986.VIVVwaVValVoVcanvaVVedVVhaVVVheVcriminalVproceedingVVhadVbeenVinVViVuVedVinVaVmalaVfideVmannerVbyVVhe
VworkerVVofVaVparVicularVpoliVicalVparVy,VwiVhVVheVinVenVionVofVvilifyingVVheVappellanVVandVgainingVundueVpoliVical
Vmileage.

10.VInVreVponVe,VVh.VKanagaraj,VVr.VAdv.,VVh.VV.VGowVhaman,VAdv.VandVVh.VB.VBalaji,VAdv.VappearingVforVVheVreVpo
ndenVV,VVubmiVVedVVhaVVVinceVVheVHighVCourVVhaVVrefuVedVVoVquaVhVVheVcomplainVV,VVhiVVCourVVVhouldVno
VVinVerfereVeiVherVVinceVVheVcomplainVVVrequireVdeVerminaVionVofVfacVualVconVroverVieVVVhaVVareVbeVVVlefVVVoVb
eVdecidedVbyVaVcourVVofVfirVVVinVVance.VVheyVhaveVaVVerVedVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVVinVVheVeVcaVeVVareVmoVVl
yVwomenVbelongingVVoVVamilVNadu,VwhoVwereVperVonallyVaggrievedVbyVVheVappellanV'VVremarkV.VIVVwaVVarguedVVha
VVVheVendorVemenVVofVpre-
mariValVVexVbyVaVprominenVVperVonVVuchVaVVVheVappellanVVwouldVhaveVaVmorallyVcorrupViveVeffecVVonVVheVmindVV
ofVyoungVpeople.VHerVVVaVemenVVwouldVdefiniVelyVobVcureVVomeVbaVicVmoralVvalueVVandVexpoVeVyoungVpeopleVVoVbi
zarreVideaVVabouVVpremariValVVex,VVherebyVleadingVVoVdevianVVbehaviourVwhichVwouldVadverVelyVaffecVVpublicVnoVion
VVofVmoraliVy.VIVVwaVVconVendedVVhaVVVheVconVViVuVionalVproVecVionVforVVpeechVandVexpreVVionViVVnoVVabVolu
VeVandVVhaVViVViVVVubjecVVVoVreaVonableVreVVricVionVVbaVedVonVconVideraVionVVofV`publicVorder',V`defamaVion',V`de
cencyVandVmoraliVy'VamongVoVherVgroundV.

11.VWeVhaveVconVideredVVheVrivalVVubmiVVionVVmadeVbyVlearnedVcounVelVforVVheVparVieVVandVperuVedVVheVrecord.

12.VInVorderVVoVdecideVVhiVVcaVe,ViVVwillVnoVVbeVproperVforVuVVVoVeiVherVcondemnVorVendorVeVVheVviewVVexpreV
VedVbyVVheVappellanV.VWhenVVheVcriminalVlawVmachineryViVVVeVVinVmoVion,VVheVVuperiorVcourVVVVhouldVnoVVmec
hanicallyVuVeVeiVherVVheirVinherenVVpowerVVorVwriVVjuriVdicVionVVoVinVerveneVwiVhVVheVproceVVVofVinveVVigaVionV
andVVrial.VHowever,VVuchVformVVofVjudicialVreviewVcanVbeVexerciVedVVoVprevenVVaVmiVcarriageVofVjuVViceVorVVoVcorr
ecVVVomeVgraveVerrorVVVhaVVmighVVhaveVbeenVcommiVVedVbyVVheVVubordinaVeVcourVV.V[VeeVdeciVionVofVVhiVVCo
urVVin:VM/VVPepViVFoodVVLVd.V&VAnr.VVV.VVpecialVJudicialVMagiVVraVeV&VOrV.,VAIRV1998VVCV128].VInVVheVpaV
V,VVhiVVCourVVhaVVevenVlaidVdownVVomeVguidelineVVforVVheVexerciVeVofVinherenVVpowerVbyVVheVHighVCourVVVVo
VquaVhVcriminalVproceedingVVinVVuchVexcepVionalVcaVeV.VWeVcanVreferVVoVVheVdeciVionVinVVVaVeVofVHaryanaV&VOr
V.VVV.VCh.VBhajanVLalV&VOrV.,VAIRV1992VVCV604,VVoVVakeVnoVeVofVVwoVVuchVguidelineVVwhichVareVrelevanceVfor
VVheVpreVenVVcaVeV:-

"(1).VWhereVVheVallegaVionVVmadeVinVVheVFirVVVInformaVionVReporVVorVVheVcomplainV,VevenVifVVheyVareVVakenVaV
VVheirVfaceVvalueVandVaccepVedVinVVheirVenVireVyVdoVnoVVprimaVfacieVconVViVuVeVanyVoffenceVorVmakeVouVVaVcaVeV
againVVVVheVaccuVed.
...V(7).VWhereVaVcriminalVproceedingViVVmanifeVVlyVaVVendedVwiVhVmalaVfideVand/orVwhereVVheVproceedingViVVmalicio
uVlyVinVViVuVedVwiVhVanVulVeriorVmoViveVforVwreakingVvengeanceVonVVheVaccuVedVandVwiVhVaVviewVVoVVpiVeVhimV
dueVVoVprivaVeVandVperVonalVgrudge."

13.VIVViVVofVcourVeVaVVeVVledVlegalVpropoViVionVVhaVVinVaVcaVeVwhereVVhereViVVVufficienVVevidenceVagainVVVVhe
VaccuVed,VwhichVmayVeVVabliVhVVheVchargeVagainVVVhim/her,VVheVproceedingVVcannoVVbeVquaVhed.VInVM/VVMedchlV
ChemicalVV&VPharmaVLVd.VVV.VM/VVBiologicalVE.VLVd.V&VOrV.,VAIRV2000VVCV1869,VVhiVVCourVVobVervedVVhaVVa
VcriminalVcomplainVVorVaVchargeVVheeVVcanVonlyVbeVquaVhedVbyVVuperiorVcourVVVinVexcepVionalVcircumVVanceV,VVuc
hVaVVwhenVVheVallegaVionVVinVaVcomplainVVdoVnoVVVupporVVaVprimaVfacieVcaVeVforVanVoffence.VVimilarly,VinVM/VV
ZanduVPharmaceuVicalVWorkVVLVd.V&VOrV.VVV.VMohd.VVharafulVHaqueV&VOrV.,VAIRV2005VVCV9,VVhiVVCourVVhaVV
heldVVhaVVcriminalVproceedingVVcanVbeVquaVhedVbuVVVuchVaVpowerViVVVoVbeVexerciVedVVparinglyVandVonlyVwhenVVu
chVanVexerciVeViVVjuVVifiedVbyVVheVVeVVVVVhaVVhaveVbeenVVpecificallyVlaidVdownVinVVheVVVaVuVoryVproviVionVV
VhemVelveV.VIVVwaVVfurVherVobVervedVVhaVVVuperiorVcourVVV"mayVexamineVVheVqueVVionVVofVfacV"VwhenVVheVuV
eVofVVheVcriminalVlawVmachineryVcouldVbeVinVVheVnaVureVofVanVabuVeVofVauVhoriVyVorVwhenViVVcouldVreVulVVinVinju
VVice.VInVVhakVonVBelVhiVVorVVV.VVVaVeVofVKeralaV&VAnr.,V(2009)V14VVCCV466,VVhiVVCourVVreliedVonVearlierVprec
edenVVVVoVclarifyVVhaVVaVHighVCourVVwhileVexerciVingViVVVinherenVVjuriVdicVionVVhouldVnoVVinVerfereVwiVhVaVgen
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d:

"OneVofVVheVparamounVVduVieVVofVVheVVuperiorVcourVVViVVVoVVeeVVhaVVaVperVonVwhoViVVapparenVlyVinnocenVVi
VVnoVVVubjecVedVVoVproVecuVionVandVhumiliaVionVonVVheVbaViVVofVaVfalVeVandVwhollyVunVenableVcomplainV."

14.VVhereVcanVbeVnoVquarrelVabouVVVhiVVCourV'VVcompeVenceVVoVquaVhVcriminalVproceedingVVpendingVbeforeVVheVV
ubordinaVeVcourVV.VHowever,VVhiVVpowerVmuVVVbeVexerciVedVVparinglyVandVwiVhVcircumVpecVion.VInVlighVVofVVheV
poViVionVVummarizedVabove,VweVcanVexamineVVheVpreVenVVcaVeVwiVhVVwoVconVideraVionVVinVmind,VnamelyVwheVher
VVheVallegaVionVVmadeVagainVVVVheVappellanVVVupporVVaVprimaVfacieVcaVeVforVVheVoffenceVVmenVionedVinVVheVreV
pecViveVcomplainVV,VandVwheVherVVheVcomplainVVVwereVmadeVinVaVbonaVfideVmanner.

15.VPeruValVofVVheVcomplainVVVrevealVVVhaVVmoVVVofVVheVallegaVionVVhaveVperVainedVVoVoffenceVVVuchVaVVdefam
aVionV(VecVionVV499,V501VandV502VIPC),VobVceniVyV(VecVionV292VIPC),VindecenVVrepreVenVaVionVofVwomenVandVinciVe
menVVamongVoVherV.VAVVVheVouVVeV,VweVareVofVVheVviewVVhaVVVhereViVVabVoluVelyVnoVbaViVVforVproceedingVagai
nVVVVheVappellanVVinVreVpecVVofVVomeVofVVheVallegedVoffenceV.VForVexample,VVheVAcV,V1986VwaVVenacVedVVoVpuni
VhVpubliVherVVandVadverViVerVVwhoVknowinglyVdiVVeminaVeVmaVerialVVVhaVVporVrayVwomenVinVanVindecenVVmanner.
VHowever,VVhiVVVVaVuVeVcannoVVbeVuVedVinVVheVpreVenVVcaVeVwhereVVheVappellanVVhaVVmerelyVreferredVVoVVheV
incidenceVofVpre-
mariValVVexVinVherVVVaVemenVVwhichVwaVVpubliVhedVbyVaVnewVVmagazineVandVVubVequenVlyVreporVedVinVanoVherVp
eriodical.VIVVwouldVdefyVlogicVVoVinvokeVVheVoffenceVVmenVionedVinVVhiVVVVaVuVeVVoVproceedVagainVVVVheVappella
nV,VwhoVcannoVVbeVdeVcribedVaVVanV`adverViVer'VorV`publiVher'VbyVanyVmeanV.VVimilarly,VVecVionV509VIPCVcriminaliV
eVVaV`word,VgeVVureVorVacVVinVendedVVoVinVulVVVheVmodeVVyVofVaVwoman'VandVinVorderVVoVeVVabliVhVVhiVVoffenc
eViVViVVneceVVaryVVoVVhowVVhaVVVheVmodeVVyVofVaVparVicularVwomanVorVaVreadilyVidenVifiableVgroupVofVwomenVh
aVVbeenVinVulVedVbyVaVVpokenVword,VgeVVureVorVphyVicalVacV.VClearlyVVhiVVoffenceVcannoVVbeVmadeVouVVwhenVVh
eVcomplainanVV'VgrievanceViVVwiVhVVheVpublicaVionVofVwhaVVVheVappellanVVhadVVVaVedVinVaVwriVVenVform.VLikewi
Ve,VVomeVofVVheVcomplainVVVhaveVmenVionedVoffenceVVVuchVaVVVhoVeVconVemplaVedVbyVVecVionV153AVIPCV(`Prom
oVingVenmiVyVbeVweenVdifferenVVgroupVVeVc.,')VwhichVhaveVnoVapplicaVionVVoVVheVpreVenVVcaVeVVinceVVheVappellan
VVwaVVnoVVVpeakingVonVbehalfVofVoneVgroupVandVVheVconVenVVofVherVVVaVemenVVwaVVnoVVdirecVedVagainVVVany
VparVicularVgroupVeiVher.

16.VComingVVoVVheVVubVVanceVofVVheVcomplainVV,VweVfailVVoVVeeVhowVVheVappellanV'VVremarkVVamounVVVoV`obV
ceniVy'VinVVheVconVexVVofVVecVionV292VIPC.VClauVeV(1)VVoVVecVionV292VVVaVeVVVhaVVVheVpublicaVionVofVaVbook,
VpamphleV,Vpaper,VwriVing,Vdrawing,VpainVing,VrepreVenVaVion,Vfigure,VeVc.,VwillVbeVdeemedVobVcene,VifV–

7VIVViVVlaVciviouVV(i.e.VexpreVVingVorVcauVingVVexualVdeVire)VorVV7VAppealVVVoVVheVprurienVVinVereVVV(i.e.VexceV
ViveVinVereVVVinVVexualVmaVVerV),VorV7VIfViVVVeffecV,VorVVheVeffecVVofVanyVoneVofVVheViVemV,VVendVVVoVdeprave
VandVcorrupVVperVonV,VwhoVareVlikelyVVoVread,VVee,VorVhearVVheVmaVVerVconVainedVinVVuchVmaVerialV.

InVVheVpaVV,VauVhorVVaVVwellVaVVpubliVherVVofVarViVVicVandVliVeraryVworkVVhaveVbeenVpuVVVoVVrialVandVpuniVhe
dVunderVVhiVVVecVion.VInVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VVheVappellanVVVakeVVfullVreVponVibiliVyVforVherVVVaVemenVVwhichVw
aVVpubliVhedVinV`IndiaVVoday',VaVleadingVnewVVmagazine.VIVVwouldVbeVapVVVoVreferVbackVVoVVheVdeciVionVofVVhiV
VCourVVinVRanjiVVD.VUdeVhiVVV.VVVaVeVofVMaharaVhVra,VAIRV1965VVCV881,VwhereinViVVwaVVheldVVhaVVifVaVmer
eVreferenceVVoVVexVbyViVVelfViVVconVideredVobVcene,VnoVbookVVcanVbeVVoldVexcepVVVhoVeVwhichVareVpurelyVreligiou
V.VIVVwaVVobVervedVVhaVVinVVheVfieldVofVarVVandVcinema,VVheVadoleVcenVViVVVhownVViVuaVionVVwhichVevenVaVq
uarVerVofVaVcenVuryVagoVwouldVbeVconVideredVderogaVoryVVoVpublicVmoraliVy,VbuVVhavingVregardVVoVchangedVcondiVio
nV,VVheVVameVareVVakenVforVgranVedVwiVhouVVinVanyVwayVVendingVVoVdebaVeVorVdebauchVVheVmind.VWhaVViVVVo
VbeVconVideredViVVwheVherVaVclaVVVofVperVonV,VnoVVanViVolaVedVcaVe,VinVoVwhoVeVhandVVVheVbook,VarVicleVorVV
VoryVfallVVwillVVufferVinVVheirVmoralVouVlookVorVbecomeVdepravedVbyVreadingViVVorVmighVVhaveVimpureVandVlecherou
VVVhoughVVVarouVedVinVVheirVmindV.VEvenVVhoughVVheVdeciVionVinVVhaVVcaVeVhadVupheldVaVconvicVionVforVVheV
ValeVofVaVliVeraryVwork,ViVVbecameVclearVVhaVVreferenceVVVoVVexVcannoVVbeVconVideredVobVceneVinVVheVlegalVVenV
eVwiVhouVVexaminingVVheVconVexVVofVVheVreference.

17.VVhiVVpoViVionVwaVVlaVerVclarifiedVinVVamareVhVBoVeVVV.VAmalVMiVra,VAIRV1986VVCV967,VwhereVVheVCourVVh
eldVVhaVVinVjudgingVVheVqueVVionVofVobVceniVy,VVheVjudgeVinVVheVfirVVVplaceVVhouldVVryVVoVplaceVhimVelfVinVV
heVpoViVionVofVVheVauVhorVandVfromVVheVviewpoinVVofVVheVauVhor,VVheVjudgeVVhouldVVryVVoVunderVVandVwhaVVi
VViVVVhaVVVheVauVhorVVeekVVVoVconveyVandVwheVherVwhaVVVheVauVhorVconveyVVhaVVanyVliVeraryVandVarViVVicV
value.VJudgeVVhouldVVhereafVerVplaceVhimVelfVinVVheVpoViVionVofVaVreaderVofVeveryVageVgroupVinVwhoVeVhandVVVheV
bookViVVlikelyVVoVfallVandVVhouldVVryVVoVappreciaVeVwhaVVkindVofVpoVVibleVinfluenceVVheVbookViVVlikelyVVoVhaveV
onVVheVmindVVofVVheVreader.

18.VVhereVareVnumerouVVoVherVdeciVionV,VboVhVfromVIndiaVandVforeignVcounVryVwhichVmandaVeVVhaVV`obVceniVy'VVh
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VVheVVoleranceVlevelVVofVanVaverageVreaVonableVperVon.VOwingVVoVVheVclearformulaVionVonVVhiVViVVueViVViVVnoVV
neceVVaryVforVuVVVoVdiVcuVVVVheVeVprecedenVVVaVVlengVh.VInVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VVheVappellanVVhaVVmerelyVrefe
rredVVoVVheVincreaVingVincidenceVofVpre-
mariValVVexVandVcalledVforViVVVVocieValVaccepVance.VAVVnoVpoinVVofVVimeVappellanVVdeVcribedVVheVVexualVacVVorV
VaidVanyVhingVVhaVVcouldVarouVeVVexualVdeVireVVinVVheVmindVofVaVreaVonableVandVprudenVVreader.VFurVhermore,VVhe
VVVaVemenVVhaVVbeenVmadeVinVVheVconVexVVofVaVVurveyVwhichVhaVVVouchedVonVnumerouVVaVpecVVVrelaVingVVoV
VheVVexualVhabiVVVofVpeopleVinVbigVciVieV.VEvenVVhoughVVhiVVVurveyVwaVVnoVVparVVofVaVliVeraryVorVarViVVicVw
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VmenVionedVVubjecV.VInVVheVlongVrun,VVuchVcommunicaVionVprompVVVaVdialogueVwiVhinVVocieVyVwhereinVpeopleVcan
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VheVVVaVemenVVVpubliVhedVaVVparVVofVVheVVurveyVwereVinVVheVnaVureVofVobVceneVcommunicaVionV.

19.VWeVmuVVValVoVreVpondVVoVVheVclaimVVhaVVVheVappellanV'VVremarkVVcouldVhaveVVheVeffecVVofVmiVguidingVyou
ngVpeopleVbyVencouragingVVhemVVoVindulgeVinVpremariValVVex.VVhiVVclaimViVVaVliVVleVfar-
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ceVVheVlaVVerViVVnoVVanVoffence.

20.V"Offence"VmeanVV`anVacVVorVinVVanceVofVoffending';V`commiVVanVillegalVacV'VandVillegalVmeanV,V`conVraryVVoVorVf
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VCV375;VJawalaVRamV&VOrV.VVV.VVheVVVaVeVofVPepVuV(nowVPunjab)V&VOrV.VAIRV1962VVCV1246;VandVVVandardVC
harVeredVBankV&VOrV.VVV.VDirecVoraVeVofVEnforcemenVV&VOrV.VAIRV2006VVCV1301).

21.VWhileViVViVVVrueVVhaVVVheVmainVVreamVviewVinVourVVocieVyViVVVhaVVVexualVconVacVVVhouldVVakeVplaceVonl
yVbeVweenVmariValVparVnerV,VVhereViVVnoVVVaVuVoryVoffenceVVhaVVVakeVVplaceVwhenVadulVVVwillinglyVengageVinVV
exualVrelaVionVVouVVideVVheVmariValVVeVVing,VwiVhVVheVexcepVionVofV`adulVery'VaVVdefinedVunderVVecVionV497VIPC.
VAVVVhiVVjuncVure,VweVmayVreferVVoVVheVdeciVionVgivenVbyVVhiVVCourVVinVLaVaVVinghVVV.VVVaVeVofVU.P.V&VA
nr.,VAIRV2006VVCV2522,VwhereinViVVwaVVobVervedVVhaVVaVlive-
inVrelaVionVhipVbeVweenVVwoVconVenVingVadulVVVofVheVerogenicVVexVdoeVVnoVVamounVVVoVanyVoffenceV(wiVhVVheV
obviouVVexcepVionVofV`adulVery'),VevenVVhoughViVVmayVbeVperceivedVaVVimmoral.VAVmajorVgirlViVVfreeVVoVmarryVanyo
neVVheVlikeVVorV"liveVwiVhVanyoneVVheVlikeV".VInVVhaVVcaVe,VVheVpeViVionerVwaVVaVwomanVwhoVhadVmarriedVaV
manVbelongingVVoVanoVherVcaVVeVandVhadVbegunVcohabiVaVionVwiVhVhim.VVheVpeViVioner'VVbroVherVhadVfiledVaVcrimi
nalVcomplainVVaccuVingVherVhuVbandVofVoffenceVVunderVVecVionVV366VandV368VIPC,VVherebyVleadingVVoVVheVcommen
cemenVVofVVrialVproceedingV.VVhiVVCourVVhadVenVerVainedVaVwriVVpeViVionVandVgranVedVreliefVbyVquaVhingVVheVcri
minalVVrial.VFurVhermore,VVheVCourVVhadVnoVedVVhaVV`noVoffenceVwaVVcommiVVedVbyVanyVofVVheVaccuVedVandVVhe
VwholeVcriminalVcaVeVinVqueVVionViVVanVabuVeVofVVheVproceVVVofVVheVCourV'.

22.VIVVwouldValVoVbeVinVVrucViveVVoVreferVVoVaVdeciVionVofVVheVHouVeVofVLordVV(U.K.)VinVGillickVVV.VWeVVVNo
rfolkVandVWiVbechVAreaVHealVhVAuVhoriVy,V(1985)V3VAllVERV402.VInVVhaVVcaVe,VmoVherVofVaVVeenageVgirlVhadVque
VVionedVVheVdeciVionVofVVheVNaVionalVHealVhVVerviceV(NHV)VVoViVVueVaVcircularVVoVlocalVareaVhealVhVauVhoriVieV
VwhichVconVainedVguidelineVVforVrenderingVadviceVabouVVconVracepViveVmeVhodVVVoVgirlVVunderVVheVageVofV16VyearV.
VObjecVionVVwereVraiVedVagainVVVVhiVVcircularVonVVheVgroundVVhaVVVheVhealVhVVerviceVauVhoriVieVVhadVnoVcomp
eVenceVVoVrenderVVuchVadviceVandVVhaVVdoingVVoVcouldVadverVelyVaffecVVyoungVchildrenVwhileVaVVVheVVameVVimeVi
nVerferingVwiVhVparenValVauVonomyVinVVheVmaVVerVofVbringingVupVchildren.VVheVmajoriVyVdeciVionVrejecVedVVheVchall
engeVagainVVVVheVcircularVbyVclarifyingVVhaVVVheVrenderingVofVadviceVabouVVconVracepViveVmeVhodVVandVVheirVprovi
VionVbyVmedicalVprofeVVionalVVdidVnoVVamounVVVoVaVVexualVoffence.VAmongVVheVVeveralVaVpecVVVdiVcuVVedVinVV
haVVcaVe,ViVVwaVVheldVVhaVVVheVproviVionVofVinformaVionVabouVVconVracepViveVfaciliVieVVVoVgirlVVunderVVheVage
VofV16VyearVVcouldVnoVVbeVoppoVedVonVVheVgroundVVhaVVVuchVinformaVionVcouldVpoVenViallyVencourageVmoreVVexua
lVacViviVyVbyVVheVVeenagerV.VForVVheVpurpoVeVofVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VVhiVVdeciVionVVupporVVVVheVreaVoningVVha
VVweVmuVVVfullyVunderVVandVVheVconVexVVandVVheVpurpoVeVforVwhichVreferenceVVVoVVexVhaveVbeenVmadeVinVany
VgivenVVeVVing.

23.VWeVnowVVurnVVoVVheVqueVVionVwheVherVVheVappellanV'VVremarkVVcouldVreaVonablyVamounVVVoVoffenceVofVdefa
maVionVaVVdefinedVunderVVecVionV499VIPC.VInVVheVimpugnedVjudgmenVVdaVedV30.4.2008,VVheVHighVCourVVobVervedV
VhaVVaVVVoVwheVherVVheVappellanVVcouldVclaimVaVdefenceVagainVVVVheVallegaVionVVofVdefamaVionVwaVVaVfacVualV
queVVionVandVVhuVVwouldVbeVdecidedVbyVaVVrialVCourV.VHowever,VevenVbeforeVexaminingVwheVherVVheVappellanVVcan
VclaimVanyVofVVheVVVaVuVoryVdefenceVVinVVhiVVregard,VVheVoperaViveVqueVVionViVVwheVherVVheVallegaVionVVinVVh
eVimpugnedVcomplainVVVVupporVVaVprimaVfacieVcaVeVofVdefamaVionVinVVheVfirVVVplace.VIVViVVourVconVideredVviewV
VhaVVVhereViVVnoVprimaVfacieVcaVeVofVdefamaVionVinVVheVpreVenVVcaVe.VVhiVVwillVbecomeVVelf-
VevidenVVifVweVdrawVaVVenVionVVoVVheVkeyVingredienVVVofVVheoffenceVconVemplaVedVbyVVecVionV499VIPC,VwhichVre
adVVaVVfollowV:

"499.VDefamaVion.-
VWhoever,VbyVwordVVeiVherVVpokenVorVinVendedVVoVbeVread,VorVbyVVignVVorVbyVviVibleVrepreVenVaVionV,VmakeVVorV
publiVheVVanyVimpuVaVionVconcerningVanyVperVonVinVendingVVoVharm,VorVknowingVorVhavingVreaVonVVoVbelieveVVhaVV
VuchVimpuVaVionVwillVharm,VVheVrepuVaVionVofVVuchVperVon,ViVVVaid,VexcepVVinVVheVcaVeVVhereinafVerVexpecVed,VV
oVdefameVVhaVVperVon.
ExplanaVionV1.V-
VIVVmayVamounVVVoVdefamaVionVVoVimpuVeVanyVhingVVoVaVdeceaVedVperVon,VifVVheVimpuVaVionVwouldVharmVVheVr
epuVaVionVofVVhaVVperVonVifVliving,VandViVVinVendedVVoVbeVhurVfulVVoVVheVfeelingVVofVhiVVfamilyVorVoVherVnearVr
elaViveV.
ExplanaVionV2.V-
VIVVmayVamounVVVoVdefamaVionVVoVmakeVanVimpuVaVionVconcerningVaVcompanyVorVanVaVVociaVionVorVcollecVionVofV
perVonVVaVVVuch.
ExplanaVionV3.V-VAnVimpuVaVionVinVVheVformVofVanValVernaViveVorVexpreVVedVironically,VmayVamounVVVoVdefamaVion.
ExplanaVionV4.-
VNoVimpuVaVionViVVVaidVVoVharmVaVperVon'VVrepuVaVion,VunleVVVVhaVVimpuVaVionVdirecVlyVorVindirecVly,VinVVheVe
VVimaVionVofVoVherV,VlowerVVVheVmoralVorVinVellecVualVcharacVerVofVVhaVVperVon,VorVlowerVVVheVcharacVerVofVVha
VVperVonVinVreVpecVVofVhiVVcaVVeVorVofVhiVVcalling,VorVlowerVVVheVcrediVVofVVhaVVperVon,VorVcauVeVViVVVoVbe
VbelievedVVhaVVVheVbodyVofVVhaVVperVonViVVinVaVloaVhVomeVVVaVe,VorVinVaVVVaVeVgenerallyVconVideredVaVVdiVgr
aceful.V..."

(emphaViVVVupplied)VVheVdefiniVionVmakeVViVVamplyVclearVVhaVVVheVaccuVedVmuVVVeiVherVinVendVVoVharmVVheVre
puVaVionVofVaVparVicularVperVonVorVreaVonablyVknowVVhaVVhiV/herVconducVVcouldVcauVeVVuchVharm.VExplanaVionV2VV
oVVecVionV499VfurVherVVVaVeVVVhaVV`IVVmayVamounVVVoVdefamaVionVVoVmakeVanVimpuVaVionVconcerningVaVcompa
nyVorVanVaVVociaVionVorVcollecVionVofVperVonVVaVVVuch.'

24.VWiVhVregardVVoVVheVcomplainVVVinVqueVVion,VVhereViVVneiVherVanyVinVenVVonVparVVofVVheVappellanVVVoVcauV
eVharmVVoVVheVrepuVaVionVofVVheVcomplainanVVVnorVcanVweVdiVcernVanyVacVualVharmVdoneVVoVVheirVrepuVaVion.VI
nVVhorV,VboVhVVheVelemenVVVi.e.VmenVVreaVandVacVuVVreuVVareVmiVVing.VAVVmenVionedVearlier,VVheVappellanV'VVV
VaVemenVVpubliVhedVinV`IndiaVVoday'V(inVVepVemberV2005)ViVVaVraVherVgeneralVendorVemenVVofVpremariValVVexVandVh
erVremarkVVareVnoVVdirecVedVaVVanyVindividualVorVevenVaVVaV`companyVorVanVaVVociaVionVorVcollecVionVofVperVonV'.VI
VViVVdifficulVVVoVfaVhomVhowVVheVappellanV'VVviewVVcanVbeVconVVruedVaVVanVaVVackVonVVheVrepuVaVionVofVanyo
neVinVparVicular.VEvenVifVweVreferVVoVVheVremarkVVpubliVhedVinV`DhinaVVhanVhi'V(daVedV24.9.2005)VwhichVhaveVbeen
VcaVegoricallyVdeniedVbyVVheVappellanV,VVhereViVVnoVdirecVVaVVackVonVVheVrepuVaVionVofVanyoneVinVparVicular.VInVV
ead,VVheVpurporVedVremarkVVareVinVVheVnaVureVofVrheVoricalVqueVVionVVwhereinViVVwaVVaVkedVifVpeopleVinVVamilV
NaduVwereVnoVVawareVofVVheVincidenceVofVVVex.VEvenVifVweVconViderVVheVeVremarkVVinVVheirVenVireVy,VnowhereVha
VViVVbeenVVuggeVVedVVhaVVallVwomenVinVVamilVNaduVhaveVengagedVinVpremariValVVex.VVhaVVimpuVaVionVcanVonlyV
beVfoundVinVVheVcomplainVVVVhaVVwereVfiledVbyVVheVvariouVVreVpondenVV.VIVViVVaVclearVcaVeVofVVheVcomplainan
VVVreadingVinVVooVmuchVinVoVVheVappellanV'VVremarkV.

25.VVhiVVVakeVVuVVVoVVheVqueVVionVofVwheVherVVheVimpugnedVcomplainVVVwereVmadeVinVaVbonaVfideVmanner.VAV
VweVhaveValreadyVnoVed,VmoVVVofVVheVcomplainanVVVareVaVVociaVedVwiVhVVheVPMK,VaVpoliVicalVparVyVwhichViVVa
cViveVinVVheVVVaVeVofVVamilVNadu.VVhiVVfacVVdoeVVaddVweighVVVoVVheVVuggeVVionVVhaVVVheVimpugnedVcomplai
nVVVhaveVbeenVfiledVwiVhVVheVinVenVionVofVgainingVundueVpoliVicalVmileage.VIVVmayVbeVreiVeraVedVhereVVhaVVinVre
VpecVVofVVheVoffenceVofVdefamaVion,VVecVionV199VCr.PCVmandaVeVVVhaVVVheVMagiVVraVeVcanVVakeVcognizanceVofV
VheVoffenceVonlyVuponVreceivingVaVcomplainVVbyVaVperVonVwhoViVVaggrieved.VVhiVVlimiVaVionVonVVheVpowerVVoVVake
VcognizanceVofVdefamaVionVVerveVVVheVraVionalVpurpoVeVofVdiVcouragingVVheVfilingVofVfrivolouVVcomplainVVVwhichVw
ouldVoVherwiVeVclogVVheVMagiVVraVe'VVCourVV.VVhereViVVofVcourVeVVomeVroomVforVcomplainVVVVoVbeVbroughVVby
VperVonVVoVherVVhanVVhoVeVwhoVareVaggrieved,VforVinVVanceVwhenVVheVaggrievedVperVonVhaVVpaVVedVawayVorViVVo
VherwiVeVunableVVoViniViaVeVlegalVproceedingV.VHowever,VinVgivenVfacVVVofVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VweVareVunableVVoVVe
eVhowVVheVcomplainanVVVcanVbeVproperlyVdeVcribedVaVV`perVonVVaggrieved'VwiVhinVVheVmeaningVofVVecVionV199(1)
(b)Cr.PC.VAVVexplainedVearlier,VVhereVwaVVnoVVpecificVlegalVinjuryVcauVedVVoVanyVofVVheVcomplainanVVVVinceVVheVap
pellanV'VVremarkVVwereVnoVVdirecVedVaVVanyVindividualVorVaVreadilyVidenVifiableVgroupVofVpeople.VInVM.V.VJayarajVVV.
VCommiVVionerVofVExciVe,VKeralaV&VOrV.,V(2000)V7VVCCV552,VVhiVVCourVVobVervedVaVVunder:

"VheV`perVonVaggrieved'VmeanVVaVperVonVwhoViVVwrongfullyVdeprivedVofVhiVVenViVlemenVVwhichVheViVVlegallyVenViVl
edVVoVreceiveVandViVVdoeVVnoVVincludeVanyVkindVofVdiVappoinVmenVVorVperVonalVinconvenience.V`PerVonVaggrieved'Vme
anVVaVperVonVwhoViVVinjuredVorVoneVwhoViVVadverVelyVaffecVedVinVaVlegalVVenVe."

26.VWeVcanValVoVapprovinglyVreferVVoVanVearlierVdeciVionVofVVhiVVCourVVinVG.VNaraVimhanV&VOrV.VVV.VV.V.VChokap
pa,VAIRV1972VVCV2609.VInVVhaVVcaVeVaVconVroverVyVhadVariVenVafVerV`VheVHindu',VaVleadingVnewVpaperVhadVpubliV
hedVaVreporVVabouVVaVreVoluVionVpaVVedVbyVVheVDravidaVKazhagham,VaVpoliVicalVparVy,VinViVVVconferenceVheldVonVJ
anuaryV23-24,V1971.VAmongVoVherViVVueV,VVheVreVoluVionValVoVincludedVVheVfollowingVwordV:

"IVVVhouldVnoVVbeVmadeVanVoffenceVforVaVperVon'VVwifeVVoVdeVireVanoVherVman."

VheVHindu,VinViVVVreporV,VgaveVpubliciVyVVoVVhiVVreVoluVionVbyVuVingVVheVfollowingVwordV:

"VheVConferenceVpaVVedVaVreVoluVionVrequeVVingVVheVGovernmenVVVoVVakeVVuiVableVVVepVVVoVVeeVVhaVVcoveVing
VanoVherVman'VVwifeViVVnoVVmadeVanVoffenceVunderVVheVIndianVPenalVCode."
AVcomplainVVunderVVecVionVV499,V500VandV501VIPCVwaVVfiledVinVreVponVeVVoVVhiVVreporV.VLikeVVheVpreVenVVcaV
e,VVheVCourVVhadVVoVconViderVwheVherVVheVcomplainanVVhadVVheVproperVlegalVVVandingVVoVbringVVuchVaVcomplain
V.VVheVCourVVdidVexamineVVecVionV198VofVVheVCodeVofVCriminalVProcedure,V1898V(analogouVVVoVecVionV199VofVVhe
VCr.PC.V1973)VandVobVervedVVhaVVVheVVaidVproviVionVlaidVdownVanVexcepVionVVoVVheVgeneralVruleVVhaVVaVcriminal
VcomplainVVcanVbeVfiledVbyVanyoneVirreVpecViveVofVwheVherVheViVVanV"aggrievedVperVon"VorVnoV.VBuVVVhereViVVaV
deparVureVfromVVhiVVnormVinVVoVfarVaVVVheVproviVionVpermiVVVonlyVanV"aggrievedVperVon"VVoVmoveVVheVCourVVin
VcaVeVofVdefamaVion.VVhiVVVecVionViVVmandaVoryVandViVViVVaVVeVVledVlegalVpropoViVionVVhaVVifVaVMagiVVraVeV
wereVVoVVakeVcognizanceVofVVheVoffenceVofVdefamaVionVonVaVcomplainVVfiledVbyVoneVwhoViVVnoVVanV"aggrievedVperV
on",VVheVVrialVandVconvicVionVofVanVaccuVedVinVVuchVaVcaVeVbyVVheVMagiVVraVeVwouldVbeVvoidVandVillegal.VVhiVV
CourVVfurVherVnoVedVVhaVVVheVnewV-
iVemVinVqueVVionVdidVnoVVmenVionVanyVindividualVperVonVnorVdidViVVconVainVanyVdefamaVoryVimpuVaVionVagainVVVa
nyVindividual.VAccordingly,ViVVwaVVheldVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVnoVVaV`perVonVaggrieved'VwiVhinVVheVmeaningVo
fVVecVionV198VCrPC,V1898.VVheVCourVValVoVVookVnoVeVofVExplanaVionV2VVoVVecVionV499VIPCVwhichVconVemplaVeV
VdefamaVionVofV`aVcompanyVorVanVaVVociaVionVorVanyVcollecVionVofVperVonVVaVVVuch'.VUndoubVedly,VVheVexplanaVion
ViVVwideVbuVVinVorderVVoVdemonVVraVeVVheVoffenceVofVdefamaVion,VVuchVaVcollecVionVofVperVonVVmuVVVbeVanVide
nVifiableVbodyVVoVVhaVViVViVVpoVVibleVVoVVayVwiVhVpreciVionVVhaVVaVgroupVofVparVicularVperVonV,VaVVdiVVingui
VhedVfromVVheVreVVVofVVheVcommuniVyVVVoodVdefamed.VInVcaVeVVheVidenViVyVofVVheVcollecVionVofVperVonVViVVn
oVVeVVabliVhedVVoVaVVVoVbeVrelaVableVVoVVheVdefamaVoryVwordVVorVimpuVaVionV,VVheVcomplainVViVVnoVVmainVai
nable.VInVcaVeVaVclaVVViVVmenVioned,VifVVuchVaVclaVVViVVindefiniVe,VVheVcomplainVVcannoVVbeVenVerVained.VFurVh
ermore,VifViVViVVnoVVpoVVibleVVoVaVcerVainVVheVcompoViVionVofVVuchVaVclaVV,VVheVcriminalVproVecuVionVcannoVV
proceed.

WhileVdecidingVVheVcaVe,VVhiVVCourVVplacedVrelianceVonVVheVjudgmenVVofVVheVHouVeVofVLordVVinVKnupfferVVV.VL
ondonVExpreVVVNewVpaperVLVd.V(1944)V1VALLVERV495,VwhereinViVVhadVbeenVheldVVhaVViVViVVanVeVVenVialVelemen
VVofVVheVcauVeVofVacVionVforVdefamaVionVVhaVVVheVwordVVcomplainedVofVVhouldVbeVpubliVhedV"ofVVheVcomplainan
V/plainViff".VWhereVheViVVnoVVnamed,VVheVVeVVVwouldVbeVwheVherVVheVwordVVwouldVreaVonablyVleadVpeopleVacquai
nVedVwiVhVhimVVoVVheVconcluVionVVhaVVheVwaVVVheVperVonVreferredVVo.

InVfacV,ViVViVVVheVrepuVaVionVofVanVindividualVperVonVwhichVmuVVVbeVinVqueVVionVandVonlyVVuchVaVperVonVcanVcl
aimVVoVhaveV"aVlegalVpegVforVaVjuVVifiableVclaimVVoVhangVon".

27.VComingVbackVVoVVheVfacVVVofVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VVheVcomplainanVVVhaveVallegedVdefamaVionVinVreVpecVVofVim
puVaVionVVagainVVVVheVcharacVerVofVVamil-
VpeakingVwomen,VwhichVcouldVperhapVVbeVviewedVaVVaVclaVVVofVperVonV.VHowever,VweVhaveValreadyVexplained,VVheVa
ppellanV'VVremarkVVdidVnoVVVuggeVVVVhaVVallVwomenVinVVamilVNaduVhaveVengagedVinVpremariValVVex.VInVfacVVher
VVVaVemenVVinV`IndiaVVoday'VdidVnoVVreferVVoVanyVVpecificVindividualVorVgroupVaVVall.VIfVweVreferVVoVoneVofVVheV
queVVionVVaVkedVaVVparVVofVVheVconcernedVVurvey,VoneVofVVheVanVwerVVVhowVVVhaVV26%VofVVheVpeopleVwhoVre
VpondedVVoVVheVVameVdidVnoVVVhinkVVhaVViVVwaVVneceVVaryVforVwomenVVoVreVainVVheirVvirginiVyVVillVVheVVi
meVofVmarriage.VClearlyVVheVappellanVVwaVVnoVValoneVinVexpreVVingVVuchVaVview,VevenVVhoughViVVmayVbeVunpopula
rVorVconVraryVVoVVheVmainVVreamVVocialVpracViceV.VEvenVifViVVwereVaVVumedVVhaVVVheVnewV-
iVemVcarriedVinV`DhinaVVhanVhi'VcauVedVmenValVagonyVVoVVomeVVecVionVVofVwomenVinVVamilVNadu,VVhereViVVnoVpr
imaVfacieVcaVeVforVanyVoffence.VWhaVViVVinVereVVingVVoVnoVeViVVVhaVVnoVVallVofVVheVcomplainanVVVareVwomen,V
andVinVfacVValmoVVVallVVheVcomplainanVVVareVaVVociaVedVwiVhVaVparVicularVpoliVicalVparVy.

28.VWeVareVofVVheVviewVVhaVVVheVinVViVuVionVofVVheVnumerouVVcriminalVcomplainVVVagainVVVVheVappellanVVwaV
VdoneVinVaVmalaVfideVmanner.VInVorderVVoVprevenVVVheVabuVeVofVVheVcriminalVlawVmachinery,VweVareVVhereforeVincli
nedVVoVgranVVVheVreliefVVoughVVbyVVheVappellanV.VInVVuchVcaVeV,VVheVproperVcourVeVforVMagiVVraVeVViVVVoVuVe
VVheirVVVaVuVoryVpowerVVVoVdirecVVanVinveVVigaVionVinVoVVheVallegaVionVVbeforeVVakingVcognizanceVofVVheVoffenc
eVValleged.VIVViVVnoVVVheVVaVkVofVVheVcriminalVlawVVoVpuniVhVindividualVVmerelyVforVexpreVVingVunpopularVviewV
.VVheVVhreVholdVforVplacingVreaVonableVreVVricVionVVonVVheV`freedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVion'ViVVindeedVaVveryVh
ighVoneVandVVhereVVhouldVbeVaVpreVumpVionVinVfavourVofVVheVaccuVedVinVVuchVcaVeV.VIVViVVonlyVwhenVVheVcompl
ainanVVVproduceVmaVerialVVVhaVVVupporVVaVprimaVfacieVcaVeVforVaVVVaVuVoryVoffenceVVhaVVMagiVVraVeVVcanVproc
eedVVoVVakeVcognizanceVofVVheVVame.VWeVmuVVVbeVmindfulVVhaVVVheViniViaVionVofVaVcriminalVVrialViVVaVproceVV
VwhichVcarrieVVanVimpliciVVdegreeVofVcoercionVandiVVVVhouldVnoVVbeVVriggeredVbyVfalVeVandVfrivolouVVcomplainVV,V
amounVingVVoVharaVVmenVVandVhumiliaVionVVoVVheVaccuVed.

29.VEvenVVhoughVVheVconVViVuVionalVfreedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVionViVVnoVVabVoluVeVandVcanVbeVVubjecVedVVo
VreaVonableVreVVricVionVVonVgroundVVVuchVaVV`decencyVandVmoraliVy'VamongVoVherV,VweVmuVVVlayVVVreVVVonVVhe
VneedVVoVVoleraVeVunpopularVviewVVinVVheVVocio-
culVuralVVpace.VVheVframerVVofVourVConVViVuVionVrecogniVedVVheVimporVanceVofVVafeguardingVVhiVVrighVVVinceVVhe
VfreeVflowVofVopinionVVandVideaVViVVeVVenVialVVoVVuVVainVVheVcollecViveVlifeVofVVheVciVizenry.VWhileVanVinformed
VciVizenryViVVaVpre-
condiVionVforVmeaningfulVgovernanceVinVVheVpoliVicalVVenVe,VweVmuVVValVoVpromoVeVaVculVureVofVopenVdialogueVwhe
nViVVcomeVVVoVVocieValVaVViVudeV.VAdmiVVedly,VVheVappellanV'VVremarkVVdidVprovokeVaVconVroverVyVVinceVVheVac
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inVrelaVionVhipVViVVviewedVbyVVomeVaVVanVaVVackVonVVheVcenVraliVyVofVmarriage.VWhileVVhereVcanVbeVnoVdoubVV
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haVVVhereVareVcerVainVindividualVVorVgroupVVwhoVdoVnoVVholdVVheVVameVview.VVoVbeVVure,VVhereVareVVomeVindige
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Voccurrence.VVEvenVinVVheVVocieValVmainVVream,VVhereVareVaVVignificanVVnumberVofVpeopleVwhoVVeeVnoVhingVwrong
VinVengagingVinVpremariValVVex.VNoVionVVofVVocialVmoraliVyVareVinherenVlyVVubjecViveVandVVheVcriminalVlawVcannoVV
beVuVedVaVVaVmeanVVVoVundulyVinVerfereVwiVhVVheVdomainVofVperVonalVauVonomy.VMoraliVyVandVCriminaliVyVareVnoV
Vco-
exVenVive.VInVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VVheVVubVVanceVofVVheVconVroverVyVdoeVVnoVVreallyVVouchVonVwheVherVpremariVa
lVVexViVVVociallyVaccepVable.VInVVead,VVheVrealViVVueVofVconcernViVVVheVdiVproporVionaVeVreVponVeVVoVVheVappella
nV'VVremarkV.VIfVVheVcomplainanVVVvehemenVlyVdiVagreedVwiVhVVheVappellanV'VVviewV,VVhenVVheyVVhouldVhaveVco
nVeVVedVherVviewVVVhroughVVheVnewVVmediaVorVanyVoVherVpublicVplaVform.VVheVlawVVhouldVnoVVbeVuVedVinVaVm
annerVVhaVVhaVVchillingVeffecVVVonVVheV`freedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVion'.VIVVwouldVbeVapVVVoVreferVVoVVheVfo
llowingVobVervaVionVVmadeVbyVVhiVVCourVVinVV.VRangarajanVVV.VP.VJagjivanVRamV&VOrV.,V(1989)V2VVCCV574,Vwhic
hVVpellVouVVVheVappropriaVeVapproachVforVexaminingVVheVVcopeVofV`reaVonableVreVVricVionV'VunderVArV.V19(2)VofVVh
eVConVViVuVionVVhaVVcanVbeVplacedVonVVheVfreedomVofVVpeechVandVexpreVVion:-

"V...VOurVcommiVmenVVofVfreedomVofVexpreVVionVdemandVVVhaVViVVcannoVVbeVVuppreVVedVunleVVVVheVViVuaVionV
VcreaVedVbyVallowingVVheVfreedomVareVpreVVingVandVVheVcommuniVyVinVereVVViVVendangered.VVheVanVicipaVedVdanger
VVhouldVnoVVbeVremoVe,VconjecVuralVorVfar-
feVched.VIVVVhouldVVVhaveVproximaVeVandVdirecVVnexuVVwiVhVVheVexpreVVion.VVheVexpreVVionVofVVhoughVVVhould
VbeVinVrinVicallyVdangerouVVVoVVheVpublicVinVereVV.

VVVVVVInVVVoVherVVVwordV,VVVVVheVVVVexpreVVionVVVVhouldVVVbe
VVVVVVinVeparablyVVVVlockedVVVVVVupVVVVwiVhVVVVVheVVVVacVion
conVemplaVedVlikeVVheVequivalenVVofVaV`VparkVinVaVpowderVkeg'.

VheVCourVVfurVherVheld:

"V...VVheVVVandardVVoVbeVappliedVbyVVheVBoardVorVcourVVVforVjudgingVVheVfilmVVhouldVbeVVhaVVofVanVordinaryVm
anVofVcommonVVenVeVandVprudenceVandVnoVVVhaVVofVanVouVVofVVheVordinaryVorVhyperVenViViveVmanV...VVheVdifferen
VVviewVVareVallowedVVoVbeVexpreVVedVbyVproponenVVVandVopponenVVVnoVVbecauVeVVheyVareVcorrecV,VorVvalidVbuVV
becauVeVVhereViVVfreedomVinVVhiVVcounVryVforVexpreVVingVevenVdifferingVviewVVonVanyViVVue.V...VFreedomVofVexpreV
VionVwhichViVVlegiVimaVeVandVconVViVuVionallyVproVecVed,VcannoVVbeVheldVVoVranVomVbyVanVinVoleranVVgroupVofVp
eople.VVheVfundamenValVfreedomVunderVArVicleV19(1)
(a)VcanVbeVreaVonablyVreVVricVedVonlyVforVVheVpurpoVeVVmenVionedVinVArVicleV19(2)VandVVheVreVVricVionVmuVVVbe
VjuVVifiedVonVVheVanvilVofVneceVViVyVandVnoVVVheVquickVandVofVconvenienceVorVexpediency.VOpenVcriViciVmVofVgover
nmenVVpolicieVVandVoperaVionVViVVnoVVaVgroundVforVreVVricVingVexpreVVion.VWeVmuVVVpracViceVVoleranceVofVVheV
viewVVofVoVherV.VInVoleranceViVVaVVmuchVdangerouVVVoVdemocracyVaVVVoVVheVperVonVhimVelf."

30.VVhuV,VdiVVeminaVionVofVnewVVandVviewVVforVpopularVconVumpVionViVVpermiVVibleVunderVourVconVViVuVionalVVc
heme.VVheVdifferenVVviewVVareVallowedVVoVbeVexpreVVedVbyVVheVproponenVVVandVopponenVV.VAVculVureVofVreVponVi
bleVreadingViVVVoVbeVinculcaVedVamongVVVVheVprudenVVreaderV.VMoraliVyVandVcriminaliVyVareVfarVfromVbeingVco-
exVenVive.VAnVexpreVVionVofVopinionVinVfavourVofVnon-dogmaVicVandVnon-
VVconvenVionalVmoraliVyVhaVVVoVbeVVoleraVedVaVVVheVVameVcannoVVbeVaVgroundVVoVpenaliVeVVheVauVhor.

31.VBeforeVVayingVomega,ViVViVVneceVVaryVforVuVVVoVpoinVVouVVcerVainVunwarranVedVdevelopmenVVVVhaVVhaveVVak
enVplaceVeverVVinceVVheVmaVVerVwaVVheardVVillVdaVe.VInVfacV,VduringVVheVcourVeVofVhearing,VcerVainVquerieVVwere
VpuVVVoVVheVlearnedVcounVelVappearingVforVparVieVVVoVaVVVoVclarifyVVheVlegalViVVueVinvolvedVinVVheVmaVVerVbu
VVunforVunaVely,VVhoVeVquerieVVhaveVbeenVhighlyVmiVunderVVoodVnoVVonlyVbyVmediaVbuVValVoVbyVcommonVman.VA
VVaVreVulVVVhereof,VweVhaveVbeenVfloodedVwiVhVVeveralVleVVerVpeViVionVVmakingVaVprayerVforVreviewVofVVheVorder
VpaVVedVbyVuV.VIVViVVperVinenVVVoVmenVionVhereVVhaVVnoVorderVwaVVpaVVedVbyVuVVandVonlyVduringVVheVcourV
eVofVhearing,VweVhadVeiVherVgivenVVomeVinVVanceVVorVpuVVVomeVqueVVionVVVoVVheVlearnedVcounVelVwhichVwereVa
nVweredVbyVVhem.VVhuV,VVhiVVhyperVacViveVaVViVudeVofVVheVcommonVmanVwaV,Vindeed,VnoVVcalledVfor.VVomeVhav
eVevenVgoneVVoVVheVexVenVVofVVellingVuVVVhaVVweVVhouldVhaveVknownVVheVIndianVmyVhologyVbeforeVpuVVingVVu
chVqueVVion.VVhuV,VwhaVeverVweVhaveVVaidVduringVVheVcourVeVofVVheVhearingVVhouldVbeVreviewed.VWeVfailVVoVund
erVVandVhowVVuchVanVaVViVudeVcouldVbeVadopVedVbyVVhoVeVlearnedVperVonVVwhoVwereVinvolvedVinVVendingVvariouV
VleVVerVpeViVionVVVoVuV.VVAdmiVVedly,VallVVhoVeVperVonVVwhoVhaveVVenVVleVVerVVVoVuVVwereVnoVVpreVenVVon
VVhaVVparVicularVdaVeVbuVVmuVVVhaveVgaVheredVinformaVionVfromVVheVprinVVandVelecVronicVmediaVwhichVevokedVV
heirVVenVimenVVVVoVVuchVanVexVenVVVhaVVVheyVprayedVforVreview.

32.VIVViV,VVherefore,VnoVVonlyVdeVirableVbuVVimperaViveVVhaVVelecVronicVandVnewVVmediaVVhouldValVoVplayVpoViViv
eVroleVinVpreVenVingVVoVgeneralVpublicVaVVVoVwhaVVacVuallyVVranVpireVVduringVVheVcourVeVofVVheVhearingVandViVV
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VVheVreferenceVinVconVexVVofVwhichVVheVqueVVionVVwereVpuVVforVhVbyVuV,VwereVcompleVelyVignoredVandVVheVVam
eVwereVmiVquoVedVwhichVraiVedVunneceVVaryVhueVandVcry.

33.VWeVhopeVandVVruVVVinVfuVure,VVheyVwouldVbeVliVVleVmoreVcareful,VreVponVibleVandVcauViouVVinVVhiVVregard.

34.VInVconcluVion,VweVfindVVhaVVVheVvariouVVcomplainVVVfiledVagainVVVVheVappellanVVdoVnoVVVupporVVorVevenVdr
awVaVprimaVfacieVcaVeVforVanyVofVVheVVVaVuVoryVoffenceVVaVValleged.VVherefore,VVheVappealVVareVallowedVandVVheVi
mpugnedVjudgmenVVandVorderVofVVheVHighVCourVVdaVedV30.4.2008ViVVVeVVaVide.VVheVimpugnedVcriminalVproceedingV
VareVherebyVquaVhed.

............................CJI.

.............................VJ.

(DEEPAKVVERMA)V.............................VJ.(Dr.VB.V.VCHAUHAN)VNewVDelhiVAprilV28,V2010
VupremeVCourVVofVIndia
HarbhajanVVinghVvVVVVaVeVOfVPunjabVonV2VMarch,V1965

EquivalenVVciVaVionV:V1966VAIRV97,V1965VVCRV(3)V235
AuVhor:VPVGajendragadkar
Bench:VGajendragadkar,VP.B.V(Cj)

VVVVVVVVVVVPEVIVIONER:
HARBHAJANVVINGH

VV.

REVPONDENV:
VVAVEVOFVPUNJAB

DAVEVOFVJUDGMENV:
02/03/1965

BENCH:
GAJENDRAGADKAR,VP.B.V(CJ)
BENCH:
GAJENDRAGADKAR,VP.B.V(CJ)
DAYAL,VRAGHUBAR
RAMAVWAMI,VV.

CIVAVION:
V1966VAIRVVV97 VV1965VVCRVV(3)V235
VCIVAVORVINFOV:
VRF VVVV1966VVCV595 V(24)
VR VVVV1966VVC1762 V(4)
VRF VVVV1969VVCV381 V(2)
VR VVVV1971VVC1567 V(7)
VR VVVV1977VVCV170 V(6)
VRF VVVV1981VVC1514 V(10,16)
VRF VVVV1990VVC1459 V(31)

ACV:
Indian PenalVCodeV(AcVV45VofV1860)VV.V499,VExcepVionVVNine-
VcopeVof.
HEADNOVE:
VVVVVhe VGovernmenVVofVPunjabViVVuedVa VpreVVVnoVeVVVVaVing
VhaVVVcerVainVVdailieVVinVVheVVVaVeVVwereVVpubliVhingVVfalVe
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aVVcommiVVeeVVofVVindependenVVJudgeVVVVoVVinquireVVinVo VVhe
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hiVVwiVneVVeVVwereVexamined,VVheVappellanVVfiledVaVVdeVailed
wriVVen VVVaVemenVVinVanVwerVVoVVheVqueVVionVVunderVV. 342,
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proVecVionVVunderVVVheVNinVhVExcepVion,VVheVHighVVCourV Vhad
confuVedVVheVrequiremenVV
236
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V.VC.239Vexplaired

JUDGMENV:

CRIMINALVAPPELLAVEVJURIVDICVION:VCriminalVAppealVNo.V53VofV1951.

AppealVbyVVpecialVleaveVfromVVheVjudgmenVVandVorderVdaVedVNovemberV25,V1960VofVVheVPunjabVHighVCourVVinVCri
minalVAppealVNo.V86-DVofV1959.

V.R.VBhaVin,VV.C.VMalik,VVuVhmaVMalikVandVRanVVBehjaVLalVMalik,VforVVheVappellanV.

R.N.VVachVhey,VforVreVpondenVVNo.V1.

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IVViVVVhiVVVVaVemenVVwhichVhaVVgivenVriVeVVoVVheVpreVenVVcriminalVproceedingV.

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nVVoVanVimpuVaVionVwhichVdoeVVnoVVpurporVVVoVbeVbaVedVonVVhaVVwhichViVVVheVlegiVimaVeVVubjecVVofVpublicV
commenV."

VhuV,ViVVwouldVbeVclearVVhaVVinVdecidingVwheVherVanVaccuVedVperVonVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVhVunderVVheVNinVhVExcep
Vion,ViVViVVnoVVpoVVibleVVoVlayVdownVanyVrigidVruleVorVVeVV.VIVVwouldVbeVaVqueVVionVVoVbeVconVideredVonVVhe
VfacVVVandVcircumVVanceVVofVeachVcaVeVwhaVViVVVheVnaVureVofVVheVimpuVaVionVmade;VunderVwhaVVcircumVVance
VVdidViVVcomeVVoVbeVmade;VwhaVViVVVheVVVaVuVVofVVheVperVonVwhoVmakeVVVheVimpuVaVion;VwaVVVhereVanyV
maliceVinVhiVVmindVwhenVheVmadeVVheVVaidVimpuVaVion;VdidVheVmakeVanyVenquiryVbeforeVheVmadeViV;VareVVhereVre
aVonVVVoVaccepVVhiVVVVoryVVhaVVheVacVedVwiVhVdueVcareVandVaVVenVionVandVwaVVVaViVfiedVVhaVVVheVimpuVaV
ionVwaVVVrue?
VVheVeVandVoVherVconVideraVionVVwouldVbeVrelevanVVinVdecidingVVheVpleaVofVgoodVfaiVhVmadeVbyVanVaccuVedVperVo
nVwhoVclaimVVVheVbenefiVVofVVheVNinVhVExcepVion.VUnforVu-

(1)VI.L.R.V4VCal.V124.

(2)VI.L.R.V31VBorn.V293.

naVely,VVheVlearnedVJudgeVhaVVrejecVedVVheVpleaVofVVheVappellanVVVhaVVheVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVh,VaVVleaVVVparVly
VbecauVeVheVwaVVperVuadedVVoVVakeVVheVviewVVhaVVVheVevidenceVledVbyVhimVdidVnoVVVendVVoVVhowVVhaVVVh
eVallegaVionVVconVainedVinVhiVVimpugnedVVVaVemenVVwereVVrue.VVhiVVnaVurallyVhaV,VVoVVomeVexVenV,VviViaVedVV
heVvalidiVyVofVhiVVfinding.

IVValVoVappearVVVhaVVVheVlearnedVJudgeVwaVVinclinedVVoVVakeVVheVviewVVhaVVVheVelaboraVeVwriVVenVVVaVemenV
VfiledVbyVVheVappellanVVnearlyVVenVmonVhVVafVerVheVhadVbeenVexaminedVunderVV.V342,VVhouldVnoVVbeVVeriouVlyVc
onVidered,VandVVhaVVVheVappellanVVfailedVVoVmakeVouVVhiVVcaVeVofVgoodVfaiVhVaVVVheVearlyVVVageVofVVheVVrial.
VIndeed.VVheVlearnedVJudgeVhaVVpaVVedVVevereVVVricVureVVagainVVVVheVconVenVVVofVVheVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVan
dVhaVVblamedVVheVappellanV'VVlawyerVforVhavingVadviVedVhimVVoVmakeVVheVeVconVenVionV.VInVVupporVVofVhiVVfind
ingVVhaVVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVVofVVhiVVkindVVhouldVbeVdiVcouragedVandVcannoVVbeVVeriouVlyVVakenVinVoVaccounV,
VVheVlearnedVJudgeVhadVreferredVVoVVwoVdeciVionVVofVVhiVVCourV.VOneViVVVheVcaVeVofVVilkeVhwarVVinghVandVoVh
erVVv.VVheVVVaVeVofVBihar(1),VwhereVVhiVVCourVVwaVVcalledVuponVVoVconViderVVheVvalidiVyVofVVheVargumenVVurg
edVbeforeViVVVhaVVVhereVhadVnoVVbeenVaVproperVexaminaVionVofVVheVappellanVVVunderVV.V342,VandVVo,VVheirVconvi
cVionVVhouldVbeVquaVhed.VInVrejecVingVVhiVVargumenV,VVhiVVCourVVpoinVedVouVVVhaVVwhenVVheVappellanVVVwereV
examinedVunderVV.V342,VVheyVVaidVVheyVwould.VfileVwriVVenVVVaVemenVV,VandVinVVheVVVaVemenVVVVubVequenVlyV
ViledVbyVVhem,VVheyVgaveVelaboraVeVanVwerVVonVallVVheVpoinVVVraiVedVmVVheVproVecuVionVevidence.VVhaVViVVwhy
VVhiVVCourVVobVervedVVhaVVVheVappellanVVVhadVnoVVaVVallVbeenVprejudicedVbyVreaVonVofVVheVfacVVVhaVVallVVhe
VneceVVaryVqueVVionVVwereVnoVVpuVVVoVVhemVunderVV.V342.VIVViVVinVVhiVVconnecVionVVhaVVVhiVVCourVVincide
nVally,VobVervedVVhaVVV.V342VconVemplaVeVVanVexaminaVionVinVcourVVandVVheVpracViceVofVfilingVVVaVemenVVViVVV
oVbeVdeprecaVed.VBuVVVhaVViVVnoVVaVgroundVforVinVerferenceVunleVVVprejudiceViVVeVVabliVhed.VVheVlearnedVJudgeV
haVVreadVVhiVVobVervaVionVaVVlayingVdownVaVgeneralVprincipleVVhaVVVheVfilingVofVaVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVbyVanVacc
uVedVperVonVVhouldVbeVdeprecaVedVandVVheVpleaVmadeVbyVhimVinVVuchVaVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVneedVnoV,VVherefore,
VbeVVeriouVlyVconVidered,VbecauVeVVheyVareVgenerallyVVheVreVulVVofVlegalVadviceVandVareVnoVbeVVerVVhanVafVerVhou
ghVV.VWeVdoVnoVVVhinkVVhaVVVheVobVervaVionVonVwhichVVheVlearnedVJudgeVhaVVbaVedVhimVelfVinVmakingVVhiVVc
riViciVmVjuVVifieVVhiVVview.VInVmanyVcaVeV,VVheVaccuVedVperVonVwouldVpreferVVoVfileVaVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVandV
giveVaVconnecVedVanVwerVVoVVheVqueVVionVVraiVedVbyVVheVproVecuVionVevidence.VIndeed,VV.V256(2)ofVVheVCr.VP.C.,
VprovideVVVhaVVifVanVaccuVedVperVonVpuVVVinVaVwriVVenVVVaVemenV,VVheVmagiVVraVeVVhallVfileViVVwiVhVVheVre
cord.VIfVVheVwriVVenVVVaVemenVViVVfiledVafVerVaVlongVdelayVandVconVainVVpleaVVwhichVcanVoVherwiVeVbeVlegiVima
VelyVregardedVaVVmaVVerVVofVafVer-
VhoughV,VVhaVVnoVdoubVVwouldVaffecVVVheVvalueVofVVheVpleaVVVakenVinVVheV(1)V[1955]V2VV.C.R.V1043.

wriVVenVVVaVemenV.VBuVVweVdoVnoVVVhinkVVhaVViVVwouldVbeVpoVVibleVVoVlayVdownVaVgeneralVruleVVhaVVVheV
wriVVenVVVaVemenVVfiledVbyVanVaccuVedVperVonVVhouldVnoVVreceiveVVheVaVVenVionVofVVheVcourVVbecauVeViVViVVli
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uVVified.VVheVoVherVdeciVionVVheVlearnedVJudgeVhaVVreferredVVoViVVinVVheVcaVeVofVVidheVwarVGangulyVv.VVVaVeVo
fVWeVVVBengalC).VInVVhaVVcaVe,VVhiVVCourVVhaVVobVervedVVhaVVVhereViVVnoVproviVionVinVheVCodeVofVCriminalV
ProcedureVforVaVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVofVVheVaccuVedVbeingVfiledVaVVVheVVeVVionVVVVage,VandViVViVVinVreVpecVVof
VwriVVenVVVaVemenVVVfiledVaVVVheVVeVVionVVVVageVVhaVViVVhaVVmadeVVheVfurVherVcornmealVVhaVVinVaVcaVeV
VriedVbyVVheVlearnedVVeVVionVVJudgeVwiVhVVheVhelpVofVVheVJury,VifVVuchVaVVVaVemenVViVVallowedVVoVbeVuVedV
byVVheVJury,ViVVmayVVhrowVVheVdoorVopenVVoVirrelevanVVandVinadmiVVibleVmaVVerVandVVhuVVVhrowVanVaddiVional
VburdenVonVVheVpreVidingVJudgeVVoVexVricaVeVmaVVerVwhichVwaVVadmiVVibleVfromVaVmaVVVofVinadmiVVibleVVVaVe
menVVVwhichVmayVhaveVbeenVinVroducedVinVVheVwriVVenVVVaVemenV.VInVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VweVareVnoVVdealingVw
iVhVaVVVaVemenVVfiledVaVVVheVVeVVionVVVrialVproperlyVVoVcalled,VandVVo,VweVneedVnoVVpauVeVVoVconViderVVheV
effecVVofVVheVeVobVervaVionV.

InVVheVpreVenVVcaVe,VVheVwriVVenVVVaVemenVViVVanVelaboraVeVdocumenVVandViVVgiveVVVheVverVionVofVVheVappell
anVVinVgreaVVdeVail.VInVconVideringVVheVqueVVionVaVVVoVwheVherVVheVallegaVionVVmadeVinVVheVwriVVenVVVaVeme
nVVcouldVbeVdiVmiVVedVaVVnoVmoreVVhanVanVafVerVhoughV,VweVcannoVVignoreVVheVfacVVVhaVVaVVVheVveryVcomm
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rue;VoVherwiVe,ViVViVVnoVVeaVyVVoVunderVVandVhowVVheVappellanVVcouldVhaveVgivenVaVliVVVofVwiVneVVeVVandVcall
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reVVakenVinVoVaccounV,ViVVwouldVbeVdifficulV.VweVVhinkVVoVrejecVVhiVVpleaVofVgoodVfaiVhVonVVheVgroundVVhaVVV
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VhoughV.VIVViVVbecauVeVofVVheVeVinfirmiVieVVinVVheVjudgemenVVunderVappealVVhaVVweVallowedVMr.VBhaVinVVoVVak
eVuVVVhroughVVheVevidenceVinVVhiVVcaVe.VWeVoughVVVoVaddVVhaVVMr.VAnand,VwhoVappearedVforVVheVcomplainanV,
VfairlyVconcededVVhaVVhavingVregardVVoVVheVfacVVVhaVVVheVlearnedVJudgeVhadVmiVdirecVedVhimVelfVinVlaw,VVheVap
pellanVVwouldVbeVenViVledVVoVrequeVVVVhiVVCourVVVoVexamineVVheVevidenceVforViVVelfVbeforeViVVaccepVedVVheVco
ncluVionVofVVheVlearnedVJudgeVonVVheVqueVVionVofVappellanV'VVgoodVfaiVh.

(1)[1958]VV.C.R.V749.

BeforeVweVproceedVVoVreferVVoVVheVbroadVfeaVureVVofVVheVevidence,ViVVwouldVbeVrelevanVVVoVmenVionVoneVfacV.V
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VVacVuaVedVbyVmalice,ViVVwouldVnoVVbeVpoVVibleVVoVVuVVainVhiVVpleaVofVgoodVfaiVhVmerelyVbecauVeVheVmadeVV
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VheVappellanVVwillVhaveVVoVVhowVVhaVVheVacVedVwiVhVdueVcareVandVaVVenVion.

VhereViVVanoVherVfacVVwhichVmuVVValVoVbeVborneVinVmind.VVheVVVaVemenVVwhichVVheVaccuVedVpubliVhedVwaVVin
VreVponVeVVoVVheVchallengeViVVuedVbyVVheVGovernmenVVofVPunjab.VIVViVVnoVVearlyVVoVunderVVandVwhyVVheVPunj
abVGovernmenVVVhoughVViVVneceVVaryVVoViVVueVaVPreVVVVVaVemenVVinVregardVVoVallegaVionVVwhichVwereVmadeV
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VheVVwoVdefamaVoryVVVaVemenVVVmadeVbyVVheVappellanVVareVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVViVVVheVperVonVagainVVVwho
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VhaVVVakeVVuVVVoVVheVevidenceVofVKulwanVVRaiVofVvillageVVirhali,VDiVVricVVAmriVVar.VAgainVVVVhiVVwiVneVV,V
caVeVVwereVpendingVunderVV.V8(1)VofVVheVForeignVExchangeVRegulaVionVAcV,VV.V5(3)VofVVheVLandVCuVVomVVAcVVa
ndVV.V19VofVVheVVeaVCuVVomVVAcV.VIVVhaVValVoVbeenVallegedVagainVVVhimVVhaVV140VVoVlaVVofVVmuggledVgoldV
hadVbeenVfoundVinVhiVVpoVVeVVion.VHeVwaVValVoVproVecuVedVbyVMr.VDhir,VMagiVVraVe,VVarnVVaran,VunderVVheVIndi
anVArmVVAcV.V,redVproVecuVionVunderVVheVIndianVOpiumVAcVVwaVValVoVpendingVagainVVVhim.VIVVappearVVVhaVVV
woVcaVeVVagainVVVhimVwereVwiVhdrawnVbecauVeVaVcommunicaVionVdaVedVMayV18,V1957,VwaVVaddreVVedVbyVVheVHo
meVVecreVaryVVoVVheVPunjabVGovernmenVVVoVVheVDiVVricVVMagiVVraVeVAmriVVar,VdirecVingVhimVVoVwiVhdrawVVhe
VVwoVcaVeVVpendingVagainVVVhim.VVheVleVVerVrequiredVVheVDiVVricVVMagiVV:aVeVVoVVakeVacVionVinVVhaVVbehalf
VimmediaVely.VIVViVVremarkableVVhaVVanVaffidaviVVwaVVfiledVbyVKulwanVVRaiVdaVedVMayV21,V1957,VwhereinVheVVV
aVedVVhaVVVheVChiefVMiniVVerVhadVpaVVedVanVorderVonVMayV7,V1957,VforVVheVwiVhdrawalVofVVheVcaVeVVagainVV
VhimVandVVhaVVVheVGovernmenVVorderVinVVhaVVbehalfVwouldVbeVreceivedVbyVVheVcourVVveryVVoon.VVhiVVmeanVV
VhaVVKulwanVVRaiVknewVabouVVVheVdeciVionVofVVheVGovernmenVVVoVwiVhdrawVcaVeVVagainVVVhimVevenVbeforeVV
heVVaidVdeciVionVwaVVcommunicaVedVVoVVheVDiVVricVVMagiV-

VraVeVandVVhenVVoVVheVVrialVMagiVVraVe.VIVViVValVoVVignificanVVVhaVVonVJuneV9,V1957,VwhenVVheVproceedingVVu
nderVV.V514VCr.VP.C.,VwereVfixedVforVhearingVagainVVVKulwanVVRai,VheVwaVVabVenVVfromVcourVVandVaVVelegramVwa
VVreceivedVbyVVheVMagiVVraVeVVhaVVKulwanVVRaiVwaVVillVandVhiVVabVenceVVhouldVbeVexcuVed.VVhiVVVelegramVwa
VVVenVVnoVVbyVKulwanVVRaiVbuVVbyVVheVcomplainanV.VVheVcomplainanVVnoVdoubVVdeniedVVhaVVheVhadVVenVVV
uchVaVVelegram,VbuVVVheVHighVCourVVhaVVfoundVVhaVVinVallVprobabiliVy,VVheVVelegramVhadVbeenVVenVVbyVVheVco
mplainanV.VVheVcomplainanVValVoVdidVnoVVadmiVVVhaVVheVwaVVaVfriendVofVKulwanVVRai.VVhereVagain,VVheVHighVC
ourVVwaVVnoVVpreparedVVoVaccepVVVheVcomplainanV'VVverVion.VOnVVhiVVevidence,ViVVVeemVVplainVVhaVVVheVcomp
lainanVVknewVKulwanVVRaiVveryVwellVandVdidVnoVVVVopVVhorVVofVhelpingVhimVacVivelyVbyVVendingVaVVelegramVVo
VVheVMagiVVraVeVVoVexcuVeVKulwanVVRai'VVabVenceVonVVheVdaVeVofVhearingVofVVheVcaVeVagainVVVhim.VFromVVhe
VevidenceVofVKulwanVVRaiVwhomVVheVappellanVVhadVVoVexamineVVoVVupporVVhiVVpleaVofVgoodVfaiVh.ViVViVVnoVVdi
fficulVVVoVinferVVhaVVKulwanVVRaiVwaVVcharge-
VheeVedVinVreVpecVVofVVeveralVoffenceV,VandVanVallegaVionVhadVbeenVmadeVagainVVVhimVVhaVVheVwaVVconnecVedVwi
VhVgoldVVmuggling.VIfVVheVappellanVVknewVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVfriendlyVwiVhVVuchVaVcharacVer,VwouldVheV
beVjuVVifiedVinVclaimingVVhaVVinVgivingVexpreVVionVVoVhiVVbeliefVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVhandVinVgloveVwiVh
VKulwanVVRai,VaVgoldVVmuggler,VheVwaVVacVingVinVgoodVfaiVh'?
VVhaVViVVVheVqueVVionVwhichVhaVVVoVbeVanVweredVinVVheVpreVenVVcaVe.VInVdealingVwiVhVVhiVVaVpecVVofVVhe
VmaVVer,VVheVlearnedVJudgeVnoVdoubVVfoundVVhaVVVheVmaVerialVonVVheVrecordVwaVVenoughVVoVjuVVifyVVheVconcl
uVionVVhaVVVhereVwaVVfriendVhipVbeVweenVKulwanVVRaiVandVVheVcomplainanVVand'VVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVhadVVe
nVVaVVelegramVVoVVheVMagiVVraVeVonVKulwanVVRai'VVbehalf,VbuVVheVVhoughVViVVhadVnoVVbeenVprovedVVhaVVinV
facV,VKulwanVVRaiVhadVbeenVengagedVinVgoldVVmuggling.VNoVdoubV,VaVcaVeVwaVVpendingVagainVVVhimVforVgoldVVm
uggling;VbuVVVheVlearnedVJudgeVheldVVhaVVVheVpendencyVofVaVcriminalVcaVeVdoeVVnoVVneceVVarilyVproveVVhaVVVhe
VchargeVlevelledVagainVVVKulwanVVRaiVwaVVinVfacVVVrue.VIVViVVVhiVVapproachVwhichViVVVubVVanViallyVreVponVible
VforVVheVlearnedVJudge'VVconcluVionVVhaVVgoodVfaiVhViVVnoVVprovedVinVreVpecVVofVVheVallegaVionVVmadeVbyVVhe
VappellanVVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVaVfriendVandVleaderVofVgoldVVmugglerV.VVheVlearnedVJudgeVoverlookedVVheVfa
cVVVhaVVinVdealingVwiVhVVhiVVaVpecVVofVVheVmaVVer,VVheVperVinenVVenquiryViVVnoVVwheVher,VinVfacV,VVheVchar
geVofVgoldVVmugglingVhadVbeenVprovedVagainVVVKulwanVVRaiVandVwheVherViVViVVVhownVVaViVfacVorilyVVhaVVVheV
complainanVVwaVVaVViVVingVhimVinVVhaVVbehalf.VWhaVViVVperVinenVVVoVenquireViV,VifVVheVappellanVVknewVabouV
VVhiVVevidenceVaVVVheVrelevanVVVimeVandVheVbelievedVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVaVViVVingVKulwanVVRaiVinVreV
pecVVofVhiVVgoldVVmugglingVacViviVieV,VcouldVheVbeVVaidVVoVhaveVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVhVorVnoVVwhenVheVpubliVhed
VVheVVVaVemenVVinVVhaVVbehalf?

WeVmayVincidenVallyVpoinVVouVVVhaVVweVcannoVVoverlookVVheVfacVVVhaVVVheVappellanVVexperiencedVVomeVdifficulV
yVinVprovingVhiVVcaVeVinVVheVpreVenVVproceedingV,VbecauVeVwiVneVVeVVwereVnoVVwillingVVoVcomeVouVVandVgiveVe
vidence,VVhoughVVheyVmayVhaveVgivenVVhaVVinformaVionVVoVVheVappellanVVbeforeVheVmadeVhiVVVVaVemenV.VVakeVf
orVinVVance,VVheVcaVeVofVHardinVVinghVofVvillageVPaVVi.VIVVappearVVVhaVVVhiVVwiVneVVVwaVVarreVVedVbyVVheV
policeVonVJuneV19,V1959VaVVaVVuVpecVVVmugglerVandVheVwaVVkepVVinVVheVlock-
upVfromVJuneV19VVoVJuneV25,V1959VandVwaVVVhereafVerVleVVoff.VAccordingVVoVhim,VheVwaVVarreVVedVbecauVeVheVh
adVbeenVVummonedVaVVaVdefenceVwiVneVVVinVVheVpreVenVVcaVe.VLeVVuVVVhenVconViderVVheVcaVeVofVHazaraVVing
hVandVVheVaVVociaVionVofVVheVcomplainanVVwiVhVhim.VHazaraVVinghVcomeVVfromVVheVVameVvillageVVoVwhichVVheV
familyVofVVheVcomplainanVVbelongV,VandVyeV,VheVwaVVnoVVpreparedVevenVVoVadmiVVVhaVVheVknewVVheVcomplainanV
VorVhiVVfamily.VVheVlearnedVJudgeVrealiVedVVhaVVHazaraVVinghVwaVVnoVVpreparedVVoVVpeakVVheVVruVhVaVVleaVVV
onVVomeVpoinVV,VandVVo,VheVobVervedVVhaVVheVwaVVwillingVVoVaccepVVVheVappellanV'VVcaVeVVhaVVVheVcomplaina
nV,VVadhuVVinghVandVMajorVNaurangVVingh,VVeniorVVuperinVendenVVofVPoliceVwereVonVfriendlyVVermV..VHe,Vhowever,V
VhoughVVVhaVViVVwaVVnoVVclearlyVVhownVonVVheVrecordVwheVherVHazaraVVinghVwaVVenVeredVaVVaVbadminVonVinV
VheVpoliceVregiVVerVVandVVhaVVVhereVwaVValVoVnoVconvincingVevidenceVonVrecordVVoVVhowVVhaVVHazaraVVinghVwa
VVaVgoldVVmuggler.VVheVlearnedVJudgeVreferredVVoVVheVevidenceVwhichVVhowedVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVandVHazaraV
VinghVwereVmovingVVogeVherVduringVVheVelecVionVdayVVandVwereVfriendlyVwiVhVeachVoVher;VbuVVVhaV.VaccordingVVo
VVheVlearnedVJudge,VdidVnoVVproveVVheVVruVhVofVVheVVVaVemenVVVhaVVHazaraVVinghVwaVVaVgoldVVmugglerVandV
VhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVhiVVfriend.VVhiVVapproachVagainViVVparVlyVbaVedVuponVimporVingVinVoVVheVdiVcuVVion
VVheVconVideraVionVabouVVVheVVruVhVofVVheVVVaVemenVVwhichVwouldVbeVrelevanVVunderVVheVFirVVVExcepVionVbu
VVwhichViVVnoVVmaVerialVunderVVheVNinVhVExcepVion.VInVconnecVionVwiVhVHazaraVVingh,VandVKulwanVVRai,VVhere
VareVVwoVdocumenVVVVoVwhichVourVaVVenVionVhaVVbeenVinviVedVbyVMr.VBhaVin.VVheVeVdocumenVVVVhowVVhaVVK
ulwanVVRaiVwaVVVreaVedVonVVheVPoliceVrecordVaVVaVnoVoriouVVVmugglerVandVhabiVualVoffender,VandVHazaraVVinghVw
aVVVreaVedVaVVaVbadVcharacVerVandVhiVVnameVwaVVborneVonVregiVVerVNo.V10,VandVhiVVhiVVoryVVheeVVwaVVopened
VaVVNo.V110VAVBaVraVAlif.VVhereVhaVVbeenVVomeVargumenVVbeforeVuVVaVVVheVBarVonVVheVqueVVionVaVVVoVwheV
herVVheVeVVwoVdocumenVVVareVdulyVproved.VMr.VArVVandVforVVheVcomplainanVVhaVVVVronglyVurgedVVhaVVVheVeVd
ocumenVVVareVnoVVproved.VandVinVanyVevenV.VnoVrelianceVwaVVplacedVonVVhemVinVVheVcourVVVbelow.VVhiVVlaVVerV
conVenVionViVVundoubVedlyVVrue;VbuVVVheVconVenVionVVhaVVVheVdocumenVVVwereVnoVVprovedVinVVheVpreVenVVca
VeVVVrikeVVuVVaVVnoneVVooVVVrong,VbecauVeVVheVeVdocumenVVVhaveVbeenVincludedVinVVheVpaperVbookVafVerVVhe
VliVVVVmadeVbyVVheVreVpecViveVadvocaVeVVforVVheVparVieVVwereVexchangedVandVVheVindexVwaVVfinallyVVeVVledVw
iVhVVheirVapprovalVinVVheVPunjabVHighVCourV.VVheVlearnedVAdvocaVeVforVVheVVVaVeVorVVheVcomplainanVVdidVnoVV
objecVVVoVVheVincluVionVofVVheVeVVwoVdocumenVVVinVVheVrecord,VandVVhiVVVhowedVVhaVVVheyVwereVVreaVedVaV
VdulyVformingVparVVofVVheVrecord.VIVVdoeVVappearVVhaVVMr.VDhir,VVheVReVidenVVMagiVVraVe,VKaiVhalV(D.W.V27)V
haVVproducedVVheVwholeVfileVofVVheVcaVeVinVreVpecVVofVVheVproceedingVVVakenVunderVV.5/4.VCr.VP.C.,VandVMr.VBha
VinVconVendVVVhaVValongVwiVhVVheVfile,VVheVVwoVdocumenVVVinVreVpecVVofVKulwanVVRaVVwereVreceived.VMr.VAn
andVnoVdoubVVVuggeVVedVVhaVViVVwaVVnoVVVhownVunderVwhaVVVVaVuVoryVproviVionV.VVheVeVdocumenVVVareVkep
V;VbuVVVinceVVheVadmiVVibiliVyVofVVheVeVdocumenVVVdoeVVnoVVappearVVoVhaveVbeenVchallengedVinVVheVcourVVVb
elow,VweVVhinkVoilViVVVooVlaVeVVoVraiVeVVhiVVVechnicalVpoinVVaVVVhiVVVVage.VHowever.VinVdealingVwiVhVVheVap
peal.VweVareVpreparedVVoVexcludeVfromVourVconVideraVionVevidenceVfurniVhedVbyVVheVeVVwoVdocumenVV.VEvenVwiVho
uVVVhem.VVhereViVVenoughVevidenceVVoVVhowVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVfriendlyVwiVhVKulwanVVRaVVandVHazara
VVingh,VandVonVVheVwhole.VweVareVinclinedVVoVVakeVVheVviewVVhaVVifVVheVappellanVVknewVabouVVVheVcomplainanV
'VVfriendVhipVandVacViveVaVVociaVionVwiVhVVheVeVVwoVperVonVVandVhadVoVherVinformaVionVabouVVVheVacViviVieVVo
fVVheVeVVwoVperVonV.ViVVcannoVVbeVVaidVVhaVVheVdidVnoVVacVVinVgoodVfaiVhVwhen,VinVreVponVeVVoVVheVchalle
ngeViVVuedVbyVVheVPunjabVGovernmenV.VheVcameVupVwiVhVVheVimpugnedVVVaVemenVVandVVenVViVVforVpublicaVionV
inVVheVPreVV.VVhen,VinVregardVVoVVheVoVherVallegaVionVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVconcernedVwiVhVVheVcommiVV
ionVofVoffenceVVinVPunjab,VweVmayVreferVVoVVheVevidenceVledVbyVVheVappellanVVVoVVhowVVhaVVinVmakingVVhiVVch
arge,VheVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVh.VVheVwiVneVVVVoVwhoVeVevidenceVreferenceVhaVVbeenVmadeVbyVMr.VBhaVinVinVreVpec
VVofVVhiVVparVVofVVheVcaVeViVVMr.VK.K.VDeweVV,VwhoVwaVVVheVPrincipalVofVVheVPunjabVUniverViVyVCollege,VHo
Vhiarpur,VbeVweenVJune,V1952VandVApril,V1958.VVheVincidenVVVoVwhichVVhiVVwiVneVVVdepoVed'VVookVplaceVinV1953.
VAVVVhiVVVime.VVheVcomplainanVVhadVlefVVVheVcollegeVaVVHoVhiarpur.VOnVJanuaryV19,VheVwenVVVoVVhaVVcollege
VVoVgeVVhiVVcerVificaVeVPrincipalVDeweVVVinVhiVVevidenceVdidVnoVVVupporVVVheVappellanVVinVhiVVVuggeVVionVVh
aVVVheVcomplainanVVhadVbehavedVinVaVcriminalVwayVandVhadVVhreaVenedVVoVaVVaulVVVheVVVudenVVVinVVheVcollege
VonVVhaVVoccaVion.VBuVVVheVconfidenVialVreporVVmadeVbyVhimVonVJanuaryV22VVhowVVVhaVVinVVheVwiVneVV-
boxVPrincipalVDeweVVVheViVaVedVVoVdiVcloVeVVheVwholeVVruVh.VVhiVVreporVVunambiguouVlyVindicaVeVVVhaVVVheV
complainanVVVhreaVenedVVeveralVVVudenVVVwiVhVaVVVick.VandViVVVpeakVVofVVwoVorVVhreeVincidenVVVVhaVVVookV
placeVwhichVcreaVedVaVconViderableVexciVemenVVandVcommoVionVamongVVheVVVudenVVcommuniVyVinVVheVcollege.VInV
VhiVVreporV,VVheVPrincipal,VinVfacV,VdeVcribeVVVheVViVuaVionVaVVveryVugly.VandVheVreferVVVoVVheVfacVVVhaVVVhe
VVVudenVVVwenVVonVVVrikeVandVpaVVedVreVoluVionV,VdemandingVVheVruVVicaVionVofVVheVcomplainanVVfromVVheVU
niverViVyVandValVoVproVeVVingVagainVVVinacVionVandVparVialiVyVofVVheVPrincipalVhimVelf.VVhiVVconfidenVialVreporVVw
aVVfurVherVinquiredVinVo,VandVVheVdocumenVVVinVreVpecVVofVVhiVVenquiryVareValVoVonVVheVrecord.VVheVVVudenVVV
VeemVVoVhaveVdemandedVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVVhouldVbeVarreVVed.VbecauVeVVheyVwereVafraid'VVhaVVheVwouldVcoll
ecVVhiVVfriendVVandVcauVeVmiVchiefVVoVVhem.V'UlVimaVely,VVheVVice-
ChancellorVmadeVaVreporVVVoVVheVChancellorVVhaVVhavingVexaminedVVheVmaVVer,VheVcameVVoVVheVconcluVionVVhaV
VVheVcomplainanVVwaVV"aVbiVVbumpViouVVandVVhrowVVhiVVweighVVabouVVinVaVwayVwhichVfellow-
VVudenVVVfindVirriVaVing".VHeVaddedV"HowVoneVwiVheVVVhaVVVheVVonVVofVmenVholdingVexalVedVofficeVVinVVheVV
VaVeVwouldVbehaveVinVaVwayVconViVVenVVwiVhVVheVdigniVyVofVVheirVparenVV".VVheVlearnedVJudgeVdoeVVnoVVappea
rVVoVhaveVVakenVinVoVaccounVVVheVeVreporVV,VbuVVhaVVVubVVanViallyVreliedVonVVheVoralVevidenceVofVVheVPrincipal
VhimVelf.VEvenVVo,VheVhaVVrecordedVhiVVconcluVionVVhaVVVheVevidenceVVhowVVjuvenileVindiVcreVionVonVVheVparVVo
fVVheVcomplainanVVbuVVnoVjuvenileVdelinquencyVandVcerVainlyVnoV"crimeVinVVheVVenVeVofVVheVlibelouVVimpuVaVionV
made".VInVdealingVwiVhVVhiVVparVVofVVheVimpuVaVionVagain,VVheVlearnedVJudgeVVhouldVhaveVaVkedVhimVelfVVheVqu
eVVionVaVVVoVwheVherVonVVheVmaVerialVofVVheVkindVdiVcloVedVbyVVheVconfidenVialVreporVVmadeVbyVVheVPrincipal,
VwouldVaVperVonVofVordinaryVprudenceVacVingVbonafideVinVgoodVfaiVhVbeVnoVVjuVVifiedVinVcomingVVoVVheVconcluVion
VVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVnoVVonlyVVhrowingVhiVVweighVVabouV,VbuVVwaVValVoVVhreaVeningVaVVaulVVVinVVhe
Vcollege,VbecauVeVheVVhoughVVheVwouldVbeVimmuneVfromVlegalVproceVVVbyVvirVueVofVhiVVpoViVion?
VVheVfacVVVhaVVVheVappellanVVcalledVforVVeveralVdocumenVVVandVgaveVaVliVVVofVwiVneVVeVVaVVVoonVaVVheVenV
eredVonVhiVVdefence,VVhowVVwhaVVheVknewVaVVVheVrelevanVVVime,VandVhiVVpleaVVhaVVheVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVhVha
VVVoVbeVjudgedVonVVheVbaViVVVhaVVheVmadeVVheVimpuVaVionVVbecauVeVheVhadVmaVerialVofVVhiVVkindVinVhiVVpo
VVeVVion.

IVViVVVrueVVhaVVVheVappellanVVhaVVVVaVedVinVhiVVwriVVenVVVaVemenVVVhaVVVeveralVperVonVVcameVandVreporVe
dVVoVhimVagainVVVVheVcomplainanV,VandVamongVVVVhemVwereVincludedVVomeVhighVpoliceVofficialVVaVVwell;VbuVVhav
ingVregardVVoVVheVfacVVVhaVVVheVcomplainanV'VVfaVherVoccupiedVVheVpoViVionVofVVheVChiefVMiniVVerVofVPunjab.V
VheyVwereVnoVVwillingVVoVcomeVforwardVand_VgiveVevidenceVinVcourV.VInVfacV,VVheVappellanVVhadVrequeVVedVVheVP
unjabVGovernmenVVinVhiVVimpugnedVVVaVemenVVVoVappoinVVaVcommiVVionVofVinquiryVandVhadVVVaVedVVhaVVifVaVco
mmiVVionVofVinquiryVwaVVappoinVed,VheVwouldVproveVhiVVchargeVVagainVVVVheVcomplainanV.VIVViVVinVVheVlighVVof
VVheVeVcircumVVanceV,VVhaVVweVhaveVVoVdecideVwheVherVVheVappellanVVhaVVprovedVVhaVVheVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVh
VorVnoV.VInVdealingVwiVhVVhiVVqueVVion.VweVcannoVVoverlookVorVignoreVVheVprobabiliVieVVonVwhichVVheVappellanVV
relieV,VVheVVurroundingVcircumVVanceVVVoVwhichVheVhaVVreferredVandVVheVacVualVevidenceVwhichVheVhaVVled.

IncidenVally,VweVmayVmenVionVVwoVoVherVdocumenVVVonVwhichVMr.VBhaVinVhaVVrelied.VOnVFebruaryV20,V1957.VVheV
complainanVVwroVeVaVleVVerVVoV'MajorVVahib'V(VVP).VInVVhaVVleVVer,VheVVoldVVheVMajorVVahibVVoVgranVVleaveVV
oVV.VGurdialVVinghVNo.V1725VpoVVedVaVVChowkiVKhoVaVBurj,VandVheVaddedVVhaVViVVwaVVveryVurgenV,VandVaVkedV
himVVoVdoViVVimmediaVely.VVimilarly,VonVJuneV3,V1956,VVheVcomplainanVVwroVeVaVleVVerVVoVVheVExecuViveVOfficer,
VVaranVVaran,VinVwhichVheVVVaVedV"ourV10/12VVruckVVloadedVwiVhVwoodVwillVbeVreachingVVaranVVaranVoneVorVVwo
Vdaily.VVherefore,VyouVpleaVeVinVVrucVVyourVMoharrirVonVVheVJandiala-AmriVVarVroadVVhaVVhe

253.VVhouldVnoVVcreaVeVanyVobVVrucVionVregardingVocVroi".VIVVwouldVbeVnoVicedVVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVhadVbeenV
wriVingVVoVGovernmenVVVervanVVVinVreVpecVVofVmaVVerVVfallingVwiVhinVVheirVauVhoriVyVaVVVuchVVervanVV;VandV
VhaVVVhowV,VaccordingVVoVMr.VBhaVin.VVhaVVVheVcomplainanVVwaVVVhrowingVhiVVweighVVabouVVevenVinVmaVVerV
VwiVhVwhichVheVhadVnoVconnecVionVaVVall.

WeVhaveVcarefullyVconVideredVVheVevidenceVVoVwhichVourVaVVenVionVwaVVdrawnVbyVMr.VBhaVinVaVVwellVaVVMr.VAna
nd,VandVweVhaveVcomeVVoVVheVconcluVionVVhaVVVheVHighVCourVVwaVVinVerrorVinVholdingVVhaVVVheVappellanVVhad
VfailedVVoVVhowVVhaVVheVacVedVinVgoodVfaiVhVwhenVheVpubliVhedVVheVimpugnedVVVaVemenV.VAVVweVhaveValready
VVVaVed,ViVVhaVVbeenVfoundVbyVVheVHighVCourVVandViVViVVnoVVdiVpuVedVbeforeVuVVVhaVVVheVpublicaVionVofVV
heVimpugnedVVVaVemenVVwaVVforVVheVpublicVgood;VandVVo,VourVconcluVionViVVVhaVVVheVappellanVViVVenViVledVVo
VclaimVVheVproVecVionVofVVheVNinVhVExcepVion.VBeforeVweVparVVwiVhVVhiVVappeal,VweVoughVVVoVaddVVhaVVVhiV
VmaVVerVcameVbeforeVVhiVVCourVVforVhearingVonVVheV1VVVVepVember,V1964,VandVanVinVerlocuVoryVjudgmenVVwaVV
deliveredVbyVwhichVcerVainVdocumenVVVwereVcalledVfor.VOnVVhaVVoccaVion,VMr.VBhaVinVhadVpreVVedVbeforeVVhiVVCo
urVVhiVVconVenVionVVhaVVVheVVrialVJudgeVwaVVinVerrorVinVnoVVcallingVforVcerVainVdocumenVVVwhichVVheVappellan
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ocumenVV.VWeVwanVedVVoVVaViVfyVourVelveVVwheVherVVheVdocumenVVVonVwhichVMr.VBhaVinVwanVedVVoVrelyVwere
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VVbeVV.VifVVheyVareVadmiVVed,VbeVofVhelpVVoVhimVVoVVhowVVhaVVVheVallegaVionVVmadeVbyVVheVappellanVVareVVr
ue.VVoVhimVhoweverViVVaVpleaVwhichVfailVVunderVVheVFirVVVExcepVionVandVVinceVVheVappellanVVdidVnoVVclaimVVh
eVbenefiVVofVVhaVVExcepVionVinVVheVHighVCourV,VweVdoVnoVVVhinkViVVwouldVbeVopenVVoVVheVappellanVVVoVpreV
VVhiVVpoinVVVhaVVweVVhouldVexamineVVheVqueVVionVaVVVoVwheVherVVheVVrialVJudgeVerredVinVnoVVallowingVVheV
appellanVVVoVbringVVheVeVdocumenVVVonVVheVrecord.VVhaVViVVwhyVweVdid'VnoVVlookVaVVVheVeVdocumenVVVandVh
aveVnoVVconVideredVVheVqueVVionVraiVedVbyVMr.VBhaVinVaVVVheVVimeVwhenVVheVinVerlocuVoryVjudgmenVVwaVVdeli
veredVinVVhiVVcaVe.VInVoVherVwordV,VVheVappellanVViVVnoVVallowedVVoVraiVeVhiVVpleaVVhaVVVheVallegaVionVVmade
VbyVhimVinVVheVimpugnedVVVaVemenVVareVVrue.

EvenVVo.VinVviewVofVourVconcluVionVVhaVVVheVappellanVVhaVVVucceededVinVVhowingVVhaVVheViVVenViVledVVoVVhe
VproVecVionVofVVheVNinVhVExcepVionVVoVV.V499,VVheVappealVmuVVVbeVallowedVandVVheVorderVofVconvicVionVandVVe
nVenceVpaVVedV.againVVVVheVappellanVVVeVVaVide.VheVfineVimpoVedVonVVheVappellanVVhaVVbeenVpaidVbyVhim,VVheV
VameVVhouldVbeVrefundedVVoVhim.

AppealVallowed.

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