A SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE-

EMULATOR/BATTERY SUPPORTED DYNAMIC VOLTAGE

RESTORER

RamaRao.Bomma, Assisant Professor , Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering college
(R9) Hyderbad, JNTUH.,(T.S),INDIA .Email ID: ramaraobomma@gmail.com
Konapalli Srinath Reddy, Student,Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering college
(R9) Hyderbad, JNTUH.,(T.S),INDIA . Email ID: srinath12123@gmail.com
K.Sai Kumar, Student,Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering college (R9) Hyderbad,
JNTUH.,(T.S),INDIA . Email ID: ksaikumar151@gmail.com
Thadaveni Ravikumar, Student,Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering college (R9)
Hyderbad, JNTUH.,(T.S),INDIA . Email ID: ravikumarthadaveni91@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: and release. 'DC transport level flagging' and

'voltage hang control' have been utilized to
This investigation looks at the utilization of
naturally control power from the magnetic
superconducting magnetic and battery
energy storage framework during brief
mixture energy storage to remunerate
length, high force voltage sags, while the
network voltage variances. The
battery is utilized to give power during
superconducting magnetic energy storage
longer-term, low force under-voltages.
framework (SMES) has been copied by a
Energy storage framework hybridisation is
high present inductor to explore a
demonstrated to be invaluable by lessening
framework utilizing both SMES and battery
battery top force request contrasted and a
energy storage tentatively. The plan of the
battery-just framework, and by improving
research center model is depicted in detail,
long haul voltage bolster capacity contrasted
which comprises of an arrangement
and a SMES-just framework. Therefore, the
associated three stage voltage source
SMES/battery half breed DVR can bolster
inverter used to direct AC voltage, and two
both momentary high-power voltage sags
bidirectional DC/DC converters used to
and long haul under voltages with
control energy storage framework charge
fundamentally decreased superconducting 0.8-0.9 p.u. r.m.s voltage, enduring longer
material expense contrasted and a SMES- than one moment [3] and can prompt burden
based framework. shedding and conceivably to voltage
Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), breakdown [5]. The investigation beneath
Energy Storage Integration, Sag, presents a methods by which both present
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, moment and long haul voltage vacillations
Battery can be alleviated at the heap utilizing
shortterm magnetic energy storage and long
I INTRODUCTION
haul battery energy storage.
THE improvement of intensity quality is a
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
significant target for electrical utilities and
Techniques to moderate long haul voltage
modern and business customers.
aggravation, for example, load
Exceptionally discontinuous conveyed age,
disengagement [6] or alteration of burdens
quickly evolving loads, and direct-
for more prominent low-voltage ride-
disconnected force electronic frameworks all
through ability might be illogical [7]. On the
add to decreased force quality causing
other hand, supply voltage can be settled by
hardware personal time, over-burden and
tap evolving transformers, uninterruptable
disappointment prompting lost income [1].
force supplies (UPS), shunt associated
Voltage unsettling influence is a typical
compensators, or dynamic voltage restorer
issue and under voltage conditions have
(DVR) frameworks. Tap changing
been believed to happen more habitually
transformers have been appeared to
than overvoltage conditions [2]. Present
experience the ill effects of a moderate
moment under-voltage sags are
reaction time and can just yield discrete
characterized in IEEE Std. 1159-1995 [3] as
voltage levels [8]. UPS frameworks give the
a decline to somewhere in the range of 0.1
total voltage waveform during a force
and 0.9 p.u. (per unit) r.m.s voltage for
disappointment and may demonstrate
lengths of 0.5 cycles to 1 min. They happen
expensive and pointless in case of
more often than long haul under-voltages
incomplete voltage sags. A DVR is an
with noteworthy expenses to industry [4].
arrangement associated gadget fit for
Long haul under-voltage occasions are
voltage pay with quick reaction time by
characterized as a deliberate voltage under
infusing a voltage in arrangement with the reenactment. Kim et al. [15] have portrayed
inventory. a 3 MJ/750 kVA SMES-based DVR
DVR frameworks can act naturally framework and indicated trial results
supporting by utilizing power from the affirming that SMES is appropriate for the
lattice to moderate unsettling influences [9]. remuneration of shortterm voltage sags. Shi
On the other hand, DVR frameworks can et al. [16] have utilized a systemlevel
utilize energy storage to give power during reproduction to likewise show that
pay, for example, capacitors [10] for SMESenergy storage is equipped for
momentary storage or batteries [11] for remunerating voltage sags enduring 100ms.
longer-term storage. Nielsen and [14]Short-term voltage pay alone may not be
Blaabjerg[12] have indicated that capacitor- adequate to secure a touchy burden as both
upheld DVR frameworks can experience the long haul [5], [17] and present moment [2-4]
ill effects of generally terrible showing for voltage dependability has been appeared to
serious and long introduce an issue for some customers.

Figure 1. Mixture energy storage capacitor

included DVR framework arrangement Figure 2. Vector chart of DVR control
length sags. An ongoing report has indicated methodologies [1] Udvr1: 'In stage
that a ultracapacitor based DVR [13] can be remuneration'. Udvr2 'Pre-sag
utilized to alleviate momentary voltage sags remuneration'. Udvr3: 'Energy ideal control'.
enduring short of what one moment. Wang (b) DVR control framework.
and Venkataramanan have demonstrated that III SYSTEM ANALYSIS
flywheels are a practical transient energy EXISTING SYSTEM:
storage innovation for use with voltage Supply voltage can be balanced out by tap
restorer frameworks both tentatively and by evolving transformers, uninterruptable force
supplies (UPS), shunt associated breed energy storage to repay matrix voltage
compensators, or dynamic voltage restorer Fluctuations. The superconducting magnetic
(DVR) frameworks. Tap changing energy storage framework (SMES) has been
transformers have been appeared to imitated by a high-current inductor to
experience the ill effects of a moderate research a framework utilizing both SMES
reaction time and can just yield discrete and battery energy storage tentatively. The
voltage levels. UPS frameworks give the plan of the lab model is portrayed in detail,
total voltage waveform during a force which comprises of an arrangement
disappointment and may demonstrate associated three stage voltage source
expensive and superfluous in case of inverter used to direct air conditioning
halfway voltage sags. A DVR is a voltage, and two bidirectional dc/dc
seriesconnected gadget fit for voltage converters used to control energy storage
remuneration with quick reaction time by framework charge and Discharge. "DC
infusing a voltage in arrangement with the transport level flagging" and "voltage hang
stock. DVR frameworks can act naturally control" have been utilized to consequently
supporting by utilizing power from the Grid control power from the magnetic energy
to alleviate unsettling influences. Then storage framework during brief span, high-
again, DVR frameworks can utilize energy power voltage sags, while the battery is
storage to give power during pay, for utilized to give power during longer term,
example, capacitors for transient storage or low-power under voltages. Energy storage
batteries for longer-term storage. framework hybridization is demonstrated to
be profitable by decreasing battery top force
Disadvantages:
request contrasted and a battery-just
 Relatively poor performance for framework, and by improving long haul
severe and long duration sags. voltage bolster capacity contrasted and a

 Not be sufficient to protect a SMES-just framework. Thusly, the

sensitive load as both long term. SMES/battery half breed dynamic voltage
restorer can bolster both transient high-
PROPOSED SYSTEM: power voltage sags and long haul under
This work analyzes the utilization of voltages with fundamentally decreased
superconducting magnetic and battery cross
superconducting material expense contrasted
and a SMES-based framework.
Advantages:
 Improved voltage support capability.
 Reduced costs.
 Reduced battery power rating requirement
and an
 expected improvement in battery life.
IV METHODOLOGY
Fig. 1 shows the DVR framework
considered. The SMES has been copied by a
15mH, 100A inductor. During a voltage
blunder a three-stage inverter is utilized to
produce the remuneration voltage at the
essential of the infusion transformers (T1-
T3) with the goal that the heap voltage stays
near ostensible. DC/DC converters are
utilized to interface the battery and SMES-
emulator to the DC transport. An assistant
inventory (Aux. Supply) is utilized to help
the DC transport during backup activity and
charge the energy storage gadgets. The
assistant stockpile is separated and the
energy storage gadgets give the fundamental
capacity to the inverter to help the heap
during a voltage blunder
A. DVR Control
The goal of the DVR control framework is
to limit supply voltage varieties at the heap
terminals. This is accomplished by
producing a remunerating voltage at the
arrangement infusion transformer terminals.
The phasor chart in Fig. 2(a) shows different
DVR voltage control procedures. 'In stage
pay' makes the remunerating voltage be in
stage with the approaching inventory
voltage and has been appeared to result in
the most reduced DVR power rating [22].
'Pre-sag pay' saves the period of the
approaching stock at the time a sag happens
which can be gainful in ensuring loads that
are delicate to stage aggravations. 'Energy
ideal' control is utilized to limit DVR energy
storage necessity by infusing a voltage in
quadrature to the heap current. 'In stage pay'
and 'Pre-sag remuneration' have been
considered right now. The control conspire
was actualized in the synchronous reference
outline as appeared in Fig. 2(b) by changing
over three stage AC amounts to proportional
two stage amounts:

Figure 3. Simulink implementation of PLL
algorithm where ω0 is the fundamental
output frequency in rad/s.
where Vsa,b,c, Vsa,b, Vsd,q are the
stockpile voltages and θpll is the evaluated
supply stage edge. A stage bolted circle
(PLL) was utilized to decide the stage point
θpll of the approaching inventory dependent
on a calculation which is hearty within the
sight of sounds, non-balance and homeless
people [23]. Fig. 3 shows a Simulink
execution of the PLL calculation. This
calculation limits the sine of the stage
mistake term making the control framework
be non-straight. Hence, the PI controller
gains were tuned experimentally. The PLL
calculation requires the cosine and sine of
the approaching stock edge as data sources
which can be acquired geometrically
utilizing the symmetrical reference outline
voltages from (1) as:
The PLL controller can be tuned to save the
period of the approaching inventory before a
sag occasion with stage hop or, then again,
the PLL can be made to follow the period of
the approaching stock during a sag with
stage bounce. Subsequently, by changing the
PLL picks up the framework can be
controlled to give 'in stage' or 'pre-sag'
remuneration. Fig. 4 represents the
aftereffects of tuning the PI controller right
now. To distinguish the nearness of a
voltage mistake, the accompanying
imbalance was utilized
where Vs,d,q is the deliberate burden
voltage and V*d,q is the ideal ostensible
voltage in the synchronous reference outline.
Disparity (5) was likewise used to trigger
the detachment of the DC transport
auxilliary power supply (see Fig. 1). The
remuneration voltage Vrefd,q is resolved, in
view of the blunder between the ideal
ostensible voltage and the inventory voltage:

The PWM phase reference voltages

Vrefa,b,c were generated by transforming
the required compensation voltage to the
rotating
Figure 4. Simulated PLL Algorithm results:
(a) Simulated voltage sag with phase jump
(b) Phase jump angle (c) Blue trace: supply
phase angle. Red trace: PLL output: ‘Pre-sag
compensation’ with controller gains: kp =
0.5, ki = 5, (d) Blue trace: supply phase
angle. Red trace: PLL output: ‘In phase
compensation’ with controller gains kp =
200, ki = 50.
The infusion voltages, Vref_a,b,c, were
increased by a feedforward consistent, k to
make up for misfortunes inside the influence
arrange. Sine-wave beat width adjustment
(SPWM) or space vector regulation (SVM)
were considered for creating the inverter
yield voltage. SVM is worthwhile because
of better usage of the DC transport voltage
and which permits further sag pay. Be that
as it may, SPWM permits the likelihood to
mitigiate uneven blames so this method was
executed right now. The inverter control was
actualized utilizing a Texas Instruments
F28069 32-piece small scale controller by
discretisation of the control and PLL
calculations.
Figure 5. Energy storage systems active
current droop control.
B. Energy Storage top-Level Control
The goal of the top-level energy storage
control technique was to control the
charge/release of every energy storage
gadget. A present versus voltage dynamic
hang trademark was picked as this
methodology has been appeared to give
great strength and dynamic force sharing
[24]. The converter reference flows depend
entirely on the degree of the DC transport
voltage which is profitable as high-transfer
speed correspondence between the three
unique converters isn't fundamental. The
charge or release need of an energy storage Figure 6. SMES DC/DC converter.
gadget can be balanced raising or bringing
down its ostensible DC transport voltage
utilizing a system known as "DC transport For active current droop control according to

flagging" [22]. The framework was arranged (9), the desired converter output current

to organize the SMES-emulator to Icsmes is given by (12).

charge/release before the battery. By

continually organizing the momentary where ksmes is the gradient of the droop
energy storage, battery power cycling is controller and Vnom_smes is the nominal
diminished which can improve battery voltage of the droop controller. The required
lifetime [19]. The present hang trademark duty ratio can be determined by substituting
for every gadget is appeared in Fig. 5, and is Eq. (10) during charge or (11) during
comprised of three locales of activity. At the discharge into (12) and solving for duty ratio
point when the DC voltage is above voltage in real time.
level Vh(x) (where x alludes to energy D. Battery System
storage framework 1 or 2) or beneath A bidirectional synchronous-buck converter
underneath Vl(x),, the converter current is appraised at 40A yield current with
restricted to Imax(x) or - Imax(x). In the hysteresis current control was utilized to
middle of Vh(x) and Vl(x), current is control battery current. This topology has
controlled dependent on the direct present been recently revealed for use with
versus voltage relationship: interfacing a ultra-capacitor energy storage
framework to the DC transport in DVR
application [13]. Notwithstanding, the
proposed framework contrasts from past
examinations [13] in that a variable-
recurrence hysteresis current control has
been utilized. This is worthwhile as it
highlights cycle-by-cycle current restricting,
making it tolerant to impede. Additionally,
the proposed procedure is demonstrated
beneath to be comprehensively steady over
the working extent while normal current
mode control systems depicted beforehand
[13] require incline remuneration
guarantee worldwide dependability
Further points of interest incorporate great
dynamic current-following ability,
hearty execution regardless of variety and
vulnerability in working conditions [9].
Accepting lossless, perfect parts,
inductor current in Fig. 7 is given by (13).
Figure 6. SMES DC/DC converter. Figure
X1. Estimated.
Figure 7. Battery DC/DC converter
where u is a gate drive signal and Vbat and
Vbus are battery and DC bus voltages.
Sliding-mode control theory may be used to
describe the current regulation strategy [3].
The objective in this case is to regulate the
inductor IL, such that it tracks the command
reference current I*. A function σ = 0 can be
defined as follows [30]:
to
A switching control law which satisfies (15)
[8].
such that σ and its time derivative have
opposite signs ensures the system will
and
converge to the state σ = 0 [3] and
consequently IL = I*.
the
A switching control law which satisfies (15)
is defined by (16), where h is a small
constant hysteresis band lying symmetrically
about the set-point value.
If Vbus is greater than Vbat, then condition
(15) is met, so this becomes an operational
requirement. For active current droop
control according to (9), the following
relationship can be written:
where Icbat is the battery DC/DC converter
reference current and kbat is the gradient of
the battery converter droop characteristic
and Vnom_bat is the nominal voltage of the
battery converter droop controller. The
average current delivered to the DC bus can
then be estimated, based on an ideal
conversion ratio as follows:
To achieve active current droop control, the
inductor current reference I* is set as
follows:
E. Energy Storage System Sizing
DC transport flagging has been utilized to
control the charge/release of the SMES-
emulator framework during shortterm
voltage-sags though the battery is utilized to
moderate longer-term voltage varieties.
Thus, the measuring of the present moment
and long haul energy storage frameworks
can be dealt with independently. The
inductive energy storage necessity
measured to moderate transient voltage sags
while the battery framework is estimated to
alleviate long haul under-voltages. The
particular sag-profundity and span can be
controlled by estimation [1] or
reenactment. When the heap power,
profundity of sag and sag length are known,
the SMES energy-storage prerequisite can
be resolved as has been recently revealed
[16]. The procedure beneath broadens this
strategy [16] by remembering the inverter
misfortunes for the investigation. While the
DVR framework is supporting the heap
voltage at its ostensible worth, the genuine
force gave by the DVR to the heap can be
composed:
Assuming a sinusoidal current waveform,
the losses in each IGBT and diode in the
inverter, can be estimated based on
previously reported loss models [22], [23].
Conduction loss in each IGBT is given by:
here M = modulation index, Rce = IGBT on-
state resistance, Vce0 = IGBT forward
voltage drop. Icm = IGBT forward current
and φ = power factor angle. Conduction loss
in each parallel diode is given by:
is
where Rf = diode on-state resistance, Vf0 =
IGBT forward voltage drop. Icm = diode
current. The equivalent on-state resistance of
by
the IGBT (Rce) and diode (Rf) were
determined by linear interpolation of
datasheet values [24]. M, φ, and Icm can be
found from the dq-axis components of the
load current and required compensation
voltage. Switching loss in the IGBT and
For a given long-term under-voltage, the
parallel diode can be determined as follows
required discharge power provided by the
[2].
DVR can be found from (20). The DVR
energy can then be determined using the
procedure shown in (21) – (26).
IV. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
The fuzzy logic controller unlike
conventional controllers does not require a
mathematical model of the system process
being controlled. However, an
understanding of the system process and the
control requirements is necessary. The fuzzy
controller designs must define what
Figure 8. Experimental Set-up. information data flows into the system
(control input variable), how the information
data is processed (control strategy and
here Vdc is the commutation voltage, decision) and what information data flows
Vdc_ref is the reference voltage at which the out of the system (solution output variables)
switching loss energies are given, Eon(Icm), In this study, a fuzzy logic based feedback
Eoff(Icm) and ERR(Icm) are IGBT turn-on, controller is employed for controlling the
turn-off and diode reverse-recovery energies voltage injection of the proposed dynamic
as a function of forward current [24]. The voltage restorer (DVR). Fuzzy logic
total inverter losses can then be estimated controller is preferred over the conventional
as: hysteresis controller because of its
robustness to system parameter variations

If a voltage disturbance has duration Tsag, during operation and its simplicity of

then the capacity requirement of the energy implementation. The proposed FLC scheme

storage systems connected to the DC bus exploits the simplicity of the mamdani type

can be found from (20) and (25) as follows. fuzzy systems that are used in the design of
the controller and adaptation mechanism.
Table 1: Rule base for fuzzy logic controller
V SIMULATION & RESULTS
Figure 9. Simulated PLL Algorithm results:
(a) Simulated voltage sag with phase jump
(b) Phase jump angle (c) Blue trace: supply
phase angle. Red trace: PLL output: ‘Pre-sag
compensation’ with controller gains: kp =
0.5, ki = 5, (d) Blue trace: supply phase
angle. Red trace: PLL output: ‘In phase
compensation’ with controller gains kp =
200, ki = 50.
Figure 10. Hybrid System Experimental
results: 0.1s Three phase sag to 35% of
nominal voltage. (a) Supply voltages (b)
Load voltages (c) DC Link Voltage (d)
Battery Current (e) SMES-inductor current.
Figure 11. Battery System Experimental
results: 0.1s Three phase sag to 35% of
nominal voltage. (a) Supply voltages (b)
Load voltages (c) DC Link Voltage (d)
Battery Current.

Figure 12. Hybrid System Experimental
results: Long-term three phase under voltage
(a) RMS supply phase-voltage. (b) RMS
load phase-voltage (c) DC Bus Voltage (d)
Battery Current (e) SMES-inductor current.
Figure 13. Load voltage THD using PI
controller
Figure 14. Load voltage THD using FUZZY
controller
VI CONCLUSION
The exhibition a novel half breed DVR
framework topology has been evaluated
tentatively and appeared to adequately give
voltage pay to transient sags and long haul
under-voltages. A model framework has
been created which exhibits a compelling
strategy for interfacing SMES and battery
energy storage frameworks to help a three
stage load. The framework has been
appeared to self-sufficiently organize the
utilization of the transient energy storage
framework to help the heap during
profound, momentary voltage sags and a
battery for lower profundity, long haul
under-voltages. This can have benefits as far
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AUTHORS
RamaRao.Bomma, Assisant Professor ,
Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy
Engineering college (R9) Hyderbad,
JNTUH(T.S),INDIA .
EmailID:ramaraobomma@gmail.com
Konapalli Srinath Reddy, Student,
Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy
Engineering college (R9) Hyderabad, JNTUH.,
(T.S),INDI
EmailID:srinath12123@gmail.com
K.Sai Kumar, Student,
Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy
Engineering college (R9) Hyderbad, JNTUH.,
(T.S),INDIA
EmailID: ksaikumar151@gmail.com
Thadaveni Ravikumar, Student,
Dept of EEE from Teegala Krishna Reddy
Engineering college (R9) Hyderbad, JNTUH.,
(T.S),INDIA .
Email ID: ravikumarthadaveni91@gmail.com