HW #07 Name: 5-6

Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 1 of 24

Problem:
A steady-flow compressor is used to compress helium from 15 psia and 70°F at
the inlet to 200 psia and 600°F at the outlet. The outlet area and velocity are 0.01
ft2 and 100 ft/s, respectively, and the inlet velocity is 50 ft/s. Determine the mass
flow rate and the inlet area.

Solution:

Assume that flow through the compressor is steady and that 200 psia
helium can be treated as an ideal gas under these conditions. 600°F
0.01 ft2
From Tbl A-1E: R = 2.6809 psia⋅ft3/lbm⋅°R Compressor

The mass flow rate is:

15 psia
70°F
A2V2 A2V2 P2
m& = = 50 ft/s
v2 RT2

=
(
(0.01 ft 2 ) 100 ft (200 psia)
s
) = 70.38 × 10 −3 lbm
s Ans
 psia ⋅ ft 3

 2.6809 
lbm ⋅ °R 
(600 + 460 )°R


Therefore, the inlet area is:

m& v 1 m& RT1

A1 = =
V1 V1 P1

(70.38 × 10 lbm  2.6809 psia ⋅ ft

) 
3
-3
lbm ⋅ °R 
(70 + 460 )°R
s
= = 0.1333 ft 2
( )
50 ft (15 psia)
s
Ans

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-11
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 2 of 24

Problem:
A cyclone separator like that in Fig. P5–11 is used to remove fine solid particles,
such as fly ash, that are suspended in a gas stream. In the flue-gas system of an
electrical power plant, the weight fraction of fly ash in the exhaust gases is
approximately 0.001. Determine the mass flow rates at the two outlets (flue gas
and fly ash) when 10 kg/s of flue gas and ash mixture enters this unit. Also
determine the amount of fly ash collected per year.

Solution:

Assume flow through the separator is steady.

Since the ash particles cannot be converted into gas and vice-versa, the mass
flow rate of ash into the control volume must equal that going out, and the mass
flow rate of flue gas into the control volume must equal that going out.

Use Conservation of Mass to solve this problem.

m& ash = y ash m& in = (0.001)10 kg  = 0.01 kg

 s  s
Ans

m& flue gas = m& in − m& ash = (10 − 0.01) kg = 9.99 kg

s s

The amount of fly ash collected per year is:

mash = m& ash ∆t

=  0.01 kg  365day  24hr  3600s  = 315.4 × 10 3 kg

 s  yr  day  hr  yr Ans

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-15
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 3 of 24

Problem:
Refrigerant-134a enters a 28-cm diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20°C
with a velocity of 5 m/s. The refrigerant gains heat as it flows and leaves the pipe
at 180 kPa and 40°C. Determine (a) the volume flow rate of the refrigerant at the
inlet, (b) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, and (c) the velocity and volume
flow rate at the exit.

Solution:

A diagram of the system is:

R-134a
200 kPa 180 kPa
20°C 40°C
5 m/s

From Tbl A-13:

P1 = 200 kPa  3 P2 = 180 kPa  3

v 1 = 0.1142 m kg v 2 = 0.1374 m kg
T1 = 20°C  T2 = 40°C 

The volume flow rate at the inlet and the mass flow rate can be determined by:

πD 2 π (0.28 m) 2
V&1 = AcV1 =
4
V1 =
4
(5 m s ) = 0.3079 m 3

s Ans
2 2
1 πD π (0.28 m)
m& =
1
v1
AcV1 =
v1 4
V1 =
1
 0.1142 m 3
 4
5 m = 2.696 kg
s s
( )
 
 kg 

Noting that mass flow rate is constant, the volume flow rate and the velocity at
the exit of the pipe are:

V&2 = m& v 2 =  2.696 kg s  0.1374 m kg  = 0.3704 m s

3 3

  
3
V&2 0.3705 m
V2 = = s = 6.016 m Ans
Ac π (0.28 m) 2 s
4

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-32
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 4 of 24

Problem:
The stators in a gas turbine are designed to increase the kinetic energy of the
gas passing through them adiabatically. Air enters a set of these nozzles at 300
psia and 700°F with a velocity of 80 ft/s and exits at 250 psia and 645°F.
Calculate the velocity at the exit of the nozzles.

Solution:

Assume that this is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time and
that we can treat air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats. Also, assume
that the potential energy changes are negligible, there are no work interactions,
and that the nozzle is adiabatic.

From Tbl A-2E(b):

Tavg =
(700 + 645)°F ⇒ c = 0.253 Btu
2
p lbm ⋅ ° R

Using the Conservation of Mass:

m& 1 = m& 2 = m&

The energy balance for the steady-flow system (nozzle) can be expressed in the
rate form as:

0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 144244 3
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies 300 psia
250 psia
E& in = E& out 700°F AIR
645°F
80 ft/s
 V1 2   V22 
& 
m h1 +  & 
= m h2 + 
 2   2 
V2 V2
h1 + 1 = h2 + 2
2 2

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-32
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 5 of 24

Solving for exit velocity:

[
V2 = V1 2 + 2(h1 − h2 ) ]
0.5
[
= V1 2 + 2c p (T1 − T2 ) ]
0.5

0.5
  25,037 ft 2 
  s 2 
(
=  80 ft
s
) (
2
+ 2 0.253 Btu
lbm ⋅ °R
)
(700 − 645)°R 
Btu 
  lbm 

= 838.6 ft Ans
s

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-34
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 6 of 24

Problem:
Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and
leaves at 300°C and 200 kPa while losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet
area of 800 cm2, determine the velocity and the volume flow rate of the steam at
the nozzle exit.

Solution:

Assume this is a steady-flow

process since there is no change
with time and that the potential
energy change is negligible. Also,
assume that there are no work 400°C STEAM 300°C
interactions. 800 kPa 200 kPa
10 m/s
The steam in the control volume of Q
the nozzle is the system. The
energy balance for this steady-flow
system can be expressed in the
rate form as:

0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 144244 3
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies

E& in = E& out

 V1 2   V2
& 
m h1 +  = m&  h2 + 2  + Q& out since W& ≅ ∆pe ≅ 0)
 2   2 
V1 2 V22 Q& out
or h1 + = h2 + +
2 2 m&
From Tbl A-6:
P1 = 800 kPa v 1 = 0.38429 m 3 /kg

T1 = 400°C  h1 = 3267.7 kJ/kg
P2 = 200 kPa v 2 = 1.31623 m 3 /kg

T2 = 300°C  h2 = 3072.1 kJ/kg

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-34
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 7 of 24

Calculating the mass flow rate of the steam:

1 1
m& = A1V1 = (0.08 m 2 )(10 m ) = 2.082 kg
v1 3 s s
0.38429 m
s

⇒ 3267.7 kJ
(10 m s ) 
2
1 kJ/kg 
kg
+  2 2 
2  1000 m /s 
V22  1 kJ/kg  25 kJ
= 3072.1 kJ s
kg 2  1000 m 2 /s 2 
+ +
2.082 kg
s
⇒ V2 = 606.0 m Ans
s

The volume flow rate at the exit of the nozzle is:

V&2 = m& v 2 =  2.082 kg s 1.31623 m kg  = 2.74 m s

3 3
Ans
  

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-47
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 8 of 24

Problem:
Refrigerant-134a enters a compressor at 100 kPa and –24°C with a flow rate of
1.35 m3/min and leaves at 800 kPa and 60°C. Determine the mass flow rate of R-
134a and the power input to the compressor.

Solution:

Assume that this is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.
Also assume that the kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.

Take the compressor as the system. Noting that one fluid stream enters and
leaves the compressor, the energy balance for this steady-flow system can be
expressed in the rate form as:

0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 1442443 800 kPa
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies 60°C
E& in = E& out
Compressor
W& in + m& h1 = m& h2 (since ∆ke ≅ ∆pe ≅ 0)
W& in = m& ( h2 − h2 )
100 kPa
-24°C
From Tbl A -13: 1.35 m3/min

P1 = 100 kPa  h1 = 232.42 kJ/kg


T1 = −24°C  v1 = 0.19019 m 3 /kg
P2 = 800 kPa 
h2 = 296.81 kJ/kg
T2 = 60°C 

Find the mass flow rate:

&
V1
1.35 m
3
(
min
 min 



60 s 
)
m& = = = 0.1183 kg Ans
v1 0.19019 m 3 /kg s

Substituting into the energy balance:

 kW ⋅ s 
W& in = m& ( h2 − h1 ) = (0.1183 kg/s)(296. 81 − 232.42)kJ/kg  = 7.62kW Ans
 kJ 

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-49
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 9 of 24

Problem:
Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the
steam are 6 MPa, 400°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 40 kPa, 92
percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam is 20 kg/s.
Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power output, and (c) the
turbine inlet area.

Solution:

Assume that this is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.
Assume that potential energy changes are negligible. Since the device is
adiabatic, the heat transfer is negligible.

From the steam tables (Tbl A-4 thru A-6):

P1 = 6 MPa v 1 = 0.04742 m 3 /kg


T1 = 400°C  h1 = 3178.3 kJ/kg
P2 = 40 kPa 
 h2 = h f + x 2 h fg = 317.62kJ/kg + (0.92)(2318.4kJ/kg ) = 2450.5 kJ/kg
x 2 = 0.92 

(a) The change in kinetic energy is determined from:

V22 − V1 2 (50 m/s )2 − (80 m/s) 2  1 kJ/kg 

∆ke = =   = − 1.95 kJ Ans (a)
2 2 2 2 kg
 1000 m /s 

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-49
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 10 of 24

(b) There is only one inlet and one exit, therefore m& 1 = m& 2 = m& .
Take the turbine as the system. The energy balance for this steady-flow
system can be expressed in the rate form as:

0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 144244 3
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies

E& in = E& out

 V2  &  V2
m&  h1 + 1  = Wout + m&  h2 + 2  (since Q
& ≅ ∆pe ≅ 0)
 2   2 
 V 2 − V1 2 
W& out = − m&  h2 − h1 + 2 
 2 

The power output of the turbine is determined by substitution to be:

 kW ⋅ s 
W& out = −(20 kg/s )( 2450.5 − 3178.3 − 1.95)kJ/kg 3
 = 14.60 × 10 kW = 14.6MW Ans (b)
 kJ 

(c) Finally, the inlet area of the turbine is determined from the mass flow rate
relation:

1
m& = A1V1
v1
m& v 1 (20 kg/s )(0.04742 m 3 /kg )
⇒ A1 = = = 0.0119m 2 = 119cm 2 Ans (c)
V1 80 m/s

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-59
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 11 of 24

Problem:
Steam enters a steady-flow turbine with a mass flow rate of 20 kg/s at 600°C, 5
MPa, and a negligible velocity. The steam expands in the turbine to a saturated
vapor at 500 kPa where 10 percent of the steam is removed for some other use.
The remainder of the steam continues to expand to the turbine exit where the
pressure is 10 kPa and quality is 85 percent. If the turbine is adiabatic, determine
the rate of work done by the steam during this process.

Solution:

Assume that this is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.
Also assume that the kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. The
turbine is adiabatic so the heat transfer is negligible.

From the steam tables (Tbl A-5 and A-6):

P1 = 5 MPa 
 h1 = 3666.9 kJ/kg
T1 = 600°C 
P2 = 0.5 MPa 
 h2 = 2748.1 kJ/kg
Sat.Vap. 
P3 = 10 kPa  h3 = h f + xh fg

x 2 = 0.85  = 191.81kJ/kg + (0.85)(2392.1kJ/kg) = 2225.1 kJ/kg

Take the entire turbine, including the connection part between the two stages, as
the system. Noting that one fluid stream enters the turbine and two fluid streams
leave, the energy balance for this steady-flow system can be expressed in rate
form as:

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-59
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 12 of 24

0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 1442443
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies

E& in = E& out

m& 1 h1 = m& 2 h2 + m& 3 h3 + W& out
W& out = m& 1 (h1 − 0.1h2 − 0.9h3 )

Substituting our values, the power output of the turbine is:

W& out = m& 1 (h1 − 0.1h2 − 0.9h3 )

 kW ⋅ s 
= (20 kg/s)[3666.9kJ/kg − (0.1)(2748.1kJ/kg ) − (0.9 )(2225.1kJ/kg )]  
 kJ 
= 27.79 × 10 3 kW = 27.79 MW Ans

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-77
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 13 of 24

Problem:
Water at 65°F and 20 psia is heated in a chamber by mixing it with saturated
water vapor at 20 psia. If both streams enter the mixing chamber at the same
mass flow rate, determine the temperature and the quality of the exiting stream.

Solution:

Assume this is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time and that
kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. Also, assume that there are
no work interactions and that the device is adiabatic and thus heat transfer is
negligible.

From Tbl A-5E thru A-6E:

h1 ≅ hf @ 65°F = 33.08 Btu/lbm

h2 = hg @ 20 psia = 1156.2 Btu/lbm

This is an adiabatic mixing process as shown in the diagram.

The mass balance is: T1 = 65°F

m& in − m& out = ∆m& system

0 (steady)
=0 H2O
(P = 20 psia)
m& in = m& out T3, x3
m& 1 + m& 2 = m& 3 = 2m&
Sat. vapor
m& 1 = m& 2 = m& · ·
m2 = m1
Energy balance is:
0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 1442443
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies

E& in = E& out

m& 1 h1 + m& 2 h2 = m& 3 h3 (since Q& = W& = ∆ke ≅ ∆pe ≅ 0)

(h1 + h2 )
⇒ m& h1 + m& h2 = 2m& h3 ⇒ h3 =
2
Substituting our known values:

(33.08 + 1156.2) Btu lbm

h3 = = 594.6 Btu
2 lbm

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-77
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 14 of 24

From Tbl A-5:

h f = 196.27 Btu
 lbm

P3 = 20 psia ⇒ h fg = 959.93 Btu
lbm

T3 = Tsat = 227.92° F Ans

h3 − h f (594.6 − 196.27 ) Btu lbm
x3 = = = 0.415 Ans
h fg (1156.2 − 196.27 ) Btu lbm

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-84
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 15 of 24

Problem:
A thin-walled double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool oil
(cp = 2.20 kJ/kg·°C) from 150 to 40°C at a rate of 2 kg/s by water (cp = 4.18
kJ/kg·°C) that enters at 22°C at a rate of 1.5 kg/s. Determine the rate of heat
transfer in the heat exchanger and the exit temperature of water.

Solution:

Assume steady operating conditions exist and that the heat exchanger is well-
insulated so that heat loss to the surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer
from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the cold fluid. Also, assume that
changes in the kinetic and potential energies of fluid streams are negligible and
that the fluid properties are constant.

We take the oil tubes as the system. Hot oil

The energy balance for this steady-flow 150°C
system can be expressed in the rate 2 kg/s
form as: Cold
water
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system

0 (steady)
=0 22°C
14 24 3 144244 3 1.5 kg/s
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies
40°C
E& in = E& out
m& h1 = Q& out + m& h2 (since ∆ke ≅ ∆pe ≅ 0)
Q& out = m& c p (T1 − T2 )

The rate of heat transfer from the oil is:

Q& = [m& c p (Tin − Tout )]oil

=  2 kg  2.2 kJ (150°C − 40°C) kW ⋅ s  = 484.0kW Ans

 s  kg.°C   kJ 

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-84
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 16 of 24

Noting that the heat lost by the oil is gained by the water, the outlet
temperature of the water is:

Q& = [m& c p (Tout − Tin )] water

Q& 484 kJ
⇒ Tout = Tin + = 22°C + s = 99.2°C Ans
m& water c p 1.5 kg  4.18 kJ 
 s  kg.°C 

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-99
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 17 of 24

Problem:
The fan on a personal computer draws 0.5 ft3/s of air at 14.7 psia and 70°F
through the box containing the CPU and other components. Air leaves at 14.7
psia and 80°F. Calculate the electrical power, in kW, dissipated by the PC
components.

Solution:

Assume this is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time and that
the kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. Also, assume that all the
heat dissipated by the circuits is picked up by the air drawn by the fan. Finally,
assume that air can be assumed to be an ideal gas with constant properties
under the conditions of this problem.

From Tbl A-1E & A-2Ea:

R = 0.3704 psia·ft3/lbm·°R
cp = 0.240 Btu/lbm·°F

The system can be modeled as shown in the diagram. Consider the air to be the
system. The energy balance for this steady-flow system can be expressed in the
rate form as:

0 (steady)
.
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0 We,in
14 24 3 144244 3
Rate of net energy transfer Rate of change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies

E& in = E& out 14.7 psia, 70°F Air 14.7 psia

m& h1 + W& e,in = m& h2 0.5 ft3/s 80°F

W& e,in = m& (h2 − h1 )

W& e,in = m& c p (T2 − T1 )

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-99
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 18 of 24

The inlet specific volume and the mass flow rate of air are:

 psia ⋅ ft 3 
 0.3704 lbm ⋅ °R 
(70 + 460)°R
RT1  3
v1 = = = 13.35 ft
P1 14.7 psia lbm
3
V&1 0.5 ft
m& = = s = 0.03745 lbm
v 1 13.35 ft 3 s
lbm

Substituting into the energy balance:

  3600 s
(
W& e,out = 0.03745 lbm )(
0.240 Btu )  1 kW  
s lbm ⋅ °R
(80 − 70)° R  
 3412.14 Btu  hr 
 hr 
= 94.83 × 10 −3 kW Ans

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-110
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 19 of 24

Problem:
The hot-water needs of a household are to be met by heating water at 55°F to
180°F by a parabolic solar collector at a rate of 4 lbm/s. Water flows through a
1.25-in diameter thin aluminum tube whose outer surface is black-anodized in
order to maximize its solar absorption ability. The centerline of the tube coincides
with the focal line of the collector, and a glass sleeve is placed outside the tube
to minimize the heat losses. If solar energy is transferred to water at a net rate of
400 Btu/h per ft length of the tube, determine the required length of the parabolic
collector to meet the hot-water requirements of this house.

Solution:

Assume steady operating conditions exist and that heat loss from the tube is
negligible (as stated) so that the entire solar energy incident on the tube is
transferred to the water. Also, assume that the kinetic and potential energy
changes are negligible.

From Tbl A-2E:

cp = 1.00 Btu/lbm.°F

Consider the thin aluminum tube to be the system. The energy balance for this
steady-flow system can be expressed in the rate form as:

0 (steady)
E& in − E& out = ∆E& system =0
14 24 3 144244 3
Rate of net energy transfer
by heat, work, and mass
Rate of change in internal, kinetic, 1 2
potential, etc. energies
Water
E& in = E& out
Q& in + m& h1 = m& h2 (since ∆ke ≅ ∆pe ≅ 0) 55°F 180°F
4 lbm/s
Q& in = m& water c p (T2 − T1 )

The total rate of heat transfer to the water flowing through the tube is:

Q& total = m& c p (Te − Ti )

(
= 4 lbm
s
)(1.00 Btu lbm.°F)(180 − 55)°F = 500 Btu/s = 1,800,000 Btu/h

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-110
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 20 of 24

We can calculate the collector length required from the information given in the
problem:

Btu
Q& total 1,800,000 hr = 4500 ft
L= = Ans
Q & 400 Btu
hr ⋅ ft

Note that I used specific heat to calculate the solution rather than using the hf
values from the steam tables. The example problem from class suggests that for
liquid water at relatively low temperatures (such as this problem) little error
should result. Let’s check this.

From Tbl A-4E:

h f @ 55° F = 23.07 Btu

lbm
h f @ 180° F = 148.04 Btu
lbm

(
⇒ Q& = 4 lbm
s
)(148.04 − 23.07) Btu lbm = 499.9 Btu s = 1,800,000 Btu hr
No significant difference.

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-125
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 21 of 24

Problem:
An air-conditioning system is to be filled from a rigid container that initially
contains 5 kg of liquid R-134a at 24°C. The valve connecting this container to the
air-conditioning system is now opened until the mass in the container is 0.25 kg,
at which time the valve is closed. During this time, only liquid R-134a flows from
the container. Presuming that the process is isothermal while the valve is open,
determine the final quality of the R-134a in the container and the total heat
transfer.

Solution:

Assume this is an unsteady process since the conditions within the device are
changing during the process, but it can be analyzed as a uniform-flow process
since the state of fluid at the exit remains constant. Also assume that the kinetic
and potential energies are negligible and that there are no work interactions
involved.

Consider the refrigerant in the tank as the system.

Mass balance:
min − mout = ∆msystem A-C line
− me = m2 − m1
me = m1 − m2
Energy balance:
Liquid R-134a
E in − E out = ∆E system 5 kg
14 24 3 1
424 3
Net energy transfer
by heat, work, and mass
Change in internal, kinetic,
potential, etc. energies
24°C
Qin − me he = m2 u 2 − m1u1
Qin = m2 u 2 − m1u1 + me he
Combining:

Qin = m2 u 2 − m1u1 + (m1 − m2 )he

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-125
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 22 of 24

From Tbl A-11:

3
v 1 = 0.0008261 m kg
T1 = 24°C  kJ
 u1 = 84.44 kg
x=0 
he = 84.98 kJ
kg

The volume of the tank is:

V = m1v 1 = (5 kg) 0.0008261 m kg  = 0.004131 m 3

3

 

We can now calculate the final specific volume:

V 0.004131 m 3 3
v2 = = = 0.01652 m
m2 0.25 kg kg

Returning to Tbl A-11:

v2 −v f 0.01652 − 0.0008261
T2 = 24°C  x2 = = = 0.5061 Ans
 v g − v f 0.031834 − 0.0008261
3 
v 2 = 0.01652 m kg 
 u 2 = u f + x 2 u fg = 84.44 kJ kg + (0.5061)158.65 kJ kg  = 164.73 kJ kg
 

Substituting into the energy balance:

Qin = m2 u 2 − m1u1 + (m1 − m2 )he

= (0.25 kg )164.73 kJ  − (5 kg ) 84.44 kJ  + (4.75 kg ) 84.98 kJ 

 kg   kg   kg 
= 22.64kJ Ans

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-139
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 23 of 24

Problem:
The air in an insulated, rigid compressed-air tank whose volume is 0.5 m3 is
initially at 4000 kPa and 20°C. Enough air is now released from the tank to
reduce the pressure to 2000 kPa. Following this release, what is the temperature
of the remaining air in the tank?

Solution:

Assume this is an unsteady process since the conditions within the device are
changing during the process, but it can be analyzed as a uniform-flow process.
Also assume that air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats under the
conditions of this problem, that the kinetic and potential energies are negligible,
and that there are no work interactions involved.
From Tbl A-1 & A-2a:

R = 0.287 kPa·m3/kg·K
cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K
cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K

Consider the air in the tank as the system. Air

4000 kPa
Mass balance: 20°C, 0.5 m3

min − mout = ∆msystem

− me = m2 − m1
me = m1 − m2

hw07soln.docx
HW #07 Name: 5-139
Due: 03/29/2012 ES 346 Solution Set 24 of 24

Energy balance:

E in − E out = ∆E system
14 24 3 1
424 3
Net energy transfer Change in internal, kinetic,
by heat, work, and mass potential, etc. energies

− me he = m2 u 2 − m1u1
0 = m2 u 2 − m1u1 + me he
0 = m2 cv T2 − m1cv T1 + me c p Te

Combining:

0 = m 2 cv T2 − m1cv T1 + (m1 − m 2 )c p Te

The initial and final masses are:

P1V (4000 kPa )(0.5 m 3 )

m1 = = = 23.78 kg
RT1  0.287 kPa ⋅ m 3 
 kg ⋅ K 
(20 + 273) K

P2V (2000 kPa )(0.5 m 3 ) 3484
m2 = = = kg
RT2  0.287 kPa ⋅ m 3  T
 kg ⋅ K  2
T 2


The temperature of air leaving the tank changes from the initial temperature in
the tank to the final temperature during the discharging process. We assume that
the temperature of the air leaving the tank is the average of initial and final
temperatures in the tank. Substituting into the energy balance equation:

0 = m2 cv T2 − m1cv T1 + (m1 − m2 )c p Te
 3484   T − (23.78kg ) 0.718 kJ (293K )
0 =  kg  0.718 kJ
T  kg ⋅ K  2 
 kg ⋅ K 
 2 
 3484    293 + T2 
+  23.78 − kg 1.005 kJ 
 T2   kg ⋅ K  2 
⇒ T2 = 241K = −32°C Ans

hw07soln.docx