Running head: COLLEGE ADMISSION SCANDAL 1

College Admission Scandal: Unethical Ways Students are Obtaining Admissions into Elite

Colleges and Universities

Siarrah N. Pryor

Legal Studies Academy

First Colonial High School

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Abstract

This paper will give an analysis of the unethical behavior behind college admissions and the

ways wealthy families cheat the system. The paper will give information from colleges and

ongoing court cases. In addition, the author will provide research on how the media has changed

the way the issue is viewed and how even celebrities are involved in the scandal. Furthermore,

the author will break down the reasons people feel the need to use unethical behavior in order to

gain admission into top colleges and universities surrounding the largest college admissions

scandal.
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College Admissions Scandal: Unethical Ways Students are Obtaining Admissions Into Colleges

Over nineteen million students enrolled in a college or university in 2019 (National

Center for Education Statistics, 2019). Unethical and illegal behavior involving college

admissions or obtaining and using false information has become a prevalent and common issue

in the United States surrounding the college admissions process; however, not much is being

done to prevent it from continuing to happen. It is easy to say cheating is unethical and wrong;

however, even though people feel this way, there are plenty of real-life examples of wealthy

students having unfair advantages and being admitted to elite universities and colleges over

students who truly deserve to be admitted (American School and University, 2019).

Ways People Cheat to Get into Elite Colleges

More than fifty parents, school counselors, and other officials have been charged in “The

largest college admissions scam ever”(Berman, 2019). Almost twenty-five million dollars was

paid to counselor William Singer in order for wealthy children to be admitted into top colleges.

He was able to secure most students a spot because they were recruited as “athletes,” or they

were guaranteed admissions due to falsified test scores or falsified life stories (Berman, 2019).

Many companies tend to prey on the rich and elite for money in exchange for helping a

student have a better chance of being admitted into a top school. Many companies will give

students unfair advantages that aren’t available to other students for a hefty price. Wealthy

parents already have a better chance of having their child admitted to a better school; however,

many of these parents want to see their children at elite schools. It seems as if wealthy parents do

not mind paying for elite tutors, test prep, personalized study guides, or college consultants;

anything to get their child one step ahead of everyone else is the goal (Barnard, 2019).
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Bribes

Charitable donations can help guarantee an undergraduate’s chance of being admitted

into a certain university. Students from wealthy parents have more resources and are more

prepared to attend college. Many rich families go to the extreme to get their children into good

colleges (Berman, 2019). For example, tech executive Jeffrey Bizzack paid over 250,000 for his

son to be admitted into the University of Southern California as a “volleyball recruit” (Bowden,

2019). Douglas Hodge, a former chief executive paid more than 500,000 to get two of his

children into the University of Southern California. Many other executives paid these bribes as

well, but they did not face additional criminal charges because they pled guilty to the accusations

and took a plea deal (American School and University, 2019).

Falsifying Information

Fake standardized test scores or fake athletic profiles give an advantage to wealthy

families (Bonagura, 2019). Leaks of exams or students having their peers take the test for them

give a big advantage to wealthy families and are being used by people with the means to do so.

Many people believe that as long as standardized test scores remain a factor in the college

admissions decision of elite schools, students and parents will find a way to cheat the system

(Vigo, 2019).

Rich families are doing anything they can to get their child ahead of everyone else and

receive a guaranteed admission. Some people even photoshop images in order to create profiles

and enter false information into a database. Many of these tactics have worked for years;

however, now many Americans are seeing what they are actually doing behind the scenes. Using
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fake information to obtain admissions is illegal and takes away scholarships and opportunities

for real student-athletes (Olmstead, 2019).

Falsifying Athletics

A company named “The Key,” run by William Singer, was used to help wealthy clients

come up with fake resumes for their children to submit to colleges. Students were seen as

recruits and falsely admitted into universities as players for college-level sports teams

(Bonagura,2019). Parents were paying to have their children staged playing sports and sending

them to university athletic recruits for recruitment information (Olmstead, 2019).

People Helping Falsify

Many college coaches and administrators were involved in the scandal and have helped

falsify information including test scores and athletics written on college applications (Bonaguara,

2019).​ ​College coaches would vouch for many undergraduates’ involvement on a sports team,

and they used fake photos and awards. Some parents have paid psychologists to have their child

receive a fake disability diagnosis allowing extra time on standardized tests and help with

questions (Vigo, 2019).

Legal Ways To Cheat

Many wealthy families find loopholes and advantages in the college admission process.

For example, some parents have given up guardianship of their child, so they can qualify for

more financial aid or scholarships meant to be given to underprivileged children. Many high

school students from high-income families get to attend better schools and take personalized

SAT or ACT prep courses or have advantages to boost their resume not offered to everyone

(Jaschik, 2019). According to the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (2019) many websites
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allow students to look at admissions essays that got students into highly ranked schools. For a

price, students or parents can pay to research and review application essays from highly ranked

institutions ​("The Racial," 2010).

There are many other ways students can “legally” cheat. For example, donations can

make a huge difference in whether a student is admitted into a certain school. Over forty-two

percent of colleges take into account whether an applicant’s parent attended the school and have

a higher chance of being admitted if so. Even taking a costly trip to visit the campus can help a

student receive admission into the school. Students are more likely to be admitted if they apply

early decision or action which research shows favors white and wealthy students (Lombardo,

2019). Many scholarships for underprivileged children who do not have the same resources as

others are going to students with the means to pay for college through their family (Barnard,

2019).

Colleges

Since the College Admission Scandal has made its way across America, many

universities and colleges are reviewing their admissions policies. Many schools not involved in

the scandal are imposing rules such as banning gifts given to students or anything to motivate the

recruitment of a student onto a sport’s team. The CEO of the Common App held a panel of 40

enrollment leaders to talk about, “The systematic issues impacting students and families as they

navigate this process” (Jaschik, 2019). The people who attended talked about how unfortunately

they tend to “privilege the privileged” and want to try to reduce barriers students face when

applying to colleges and trying to understand the system (Jaschik, 2019).

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Rules and Regulations

Colleges are conducting case by case reviews for any students that may be connected to

college admission schemes. Many schools are looking into the profiles of young adults attending

who may be in connection with the scheme. Students involved may face expulsion or criminal

charges (Reilly, 2019). Yale is bringing in advisors to investigate and review the issue.

Harvard-Westlake in L.A is conducting internal reviews to understand the scandal (Winton,

2019).

What Colleges Think

Many universities are facing huge fallouts and are being accused of giving wealthy

students unfair advantages to help them be admitted into the school. Universities and colleges are

trying to figure out how they can make the system fair for all students. Some colleges and

universities are trying to find and expose students involved in the scandal or fund scholarships

for underprivileged students. Colleges and universities are trying to crack down on violations and

find anyone involved in schemes to violate the college admissions process (Park, 2019).

New Ways To Admit Students

In recent news, it has appeared as if wealthy families are favored by colleges for their

children to be admitted. Some colleges have been debating whether an admission lottery should

be used to admit students. In the lottery people in the same academic place would be accepted

into the school by chance. This would allow for schools and parents to save money on trying to

beat the next competitor. Colleges are trying to develop a matching system in order for

corruption to be put to a halt (Warikoo, 2019).

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Media Involvement

The college admission scandal has been very prevalent in the news in the last few

months. Some parents accused of cheating are facing civil or even criminal charges. The media

is showing the harsh reality of what is going on behind the backs of many Americans. Many

people are blaming the “elite” because of how America as a whole tends to turn a blind eye when

wealthy citizens of a higher status act in a bad manner or do something against the law (Barnard,

2019).

Celebrities

The United States District Attorney has charged over 50 celebrities, including wealthy

businessmen, coaches, and television stars inside the longest nationwide college admission

scandal. The allegations include bribing college administrators, coaches, and bribing exam

officials (Friedman, 2019). Actress Lori Loughlin and over fourteen other parents have been

cited by a court involving college admissions scandals (Svrluga, 2019).

What’s The Big Deal?

As a society, we are failing to educate children on the wrongfulness of cheating and how

it will affect them in the future. Each year colleges become more and more competitive and

harder to get into. Many scholarships that were funded for underprivileged children have gone to

the elite (Park, 2019). According to the New York Times (2019), some parents are using

deception and fraud to get their child into higher education institutions which is illegal because

the schools are profiting off of the students or even some companies are profiting off the wealthy

families ​(Smith, 2019)​. The influence of money has always been an issue in the college
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admissions process; however, many of the events taking place right now are illegal and not just

used to boost an applicant’s chance of being admitted ​(Smith, 2019).

Ways The Media Changed The Issue

According to Knowledge at Wharton Team (2019) the scandal is showing the problem of

higher education enabling privileged families to hold onto power. The college admissions

scandal is showing the world that money is a “universal solvent” and can be used to beat the

system. It is showing that wealthy families for years have been abusing the system illegally to

get their child into elite schools using large donations or fake information. It allows people to

determine if standardized test scores should have as much weight when deciding if a student

should be admitted. The media has lit a fire under elite colleges in order for them to do

something about the college admissions scandal and make sure every student has a fair chance.

Many parents don’t want their child to go to a community college or public university so they

use their entitlement in order for their child to obtain admission into a top university ​(Knowledge

at Wharton Team, 2019).

Exposing wealthy people involved in the scandal has given people a sense of what reality

truly is and how the wealthy manipulates the system. The media is showing how many people

abuse the system and obtain false information all the time and how huge this issue is truly

becoming. The public gets to see how justice may never be served for some wealthy citizens and

how many wealthy privileged people never are held accountable for their actions (Jaschik, 2019).

Examples

There are many real-life examples of people cheating or obtaining an unfair advantage

surrounding the college admissions process. Some range from parents, students, administrators,
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coaches, or even people involved in college prep for students. Many of these people are finding

ways around the system to help children become admitted into the school of their choice. While

there are laws in place against students receiving unfair advantages, many of these wealthy

citizens don’t follow the laws. In addition, some of the tactics used don’t have anything

specifically written to say it’s illegal; therefore, people are finding loopholes to use. More than

50 people have been charged with participating in the same college admission scandal including

bribery, money laundering, and fabricating documents to unfairly get certain students admitted

into elite universities (Shamslan, 2019).

People Who Were Convicted

An executive based in Los Angeles paid over 400,000 dollars to have his child attend

Georgetown University as a tennis recruit and has been sentenced to four months in jail for his

actions surrounding the scandal. Many judges have given sentences below what prosecutors have

recommended for people involved in what is seen as the largest college admissions scandal ever

(Crain’s New York Business, 2019).

Gregory and Maria Abbott very wealthy citizens were sentenced to a month in jail each

for paying over 125,000 dollars in order for their daughter’s entrance exam test scores to be

changed which resulted in her obtaining admissions into Duke University. In addition, Devin

Sloane, a business executive from Los Angeles was sentenced to four months in jail for paying

250,000 dollars to William Singer for having his son admitted to the University of Southern

California as a water polo recruit. The harshest sentence involving the scandal has been given to

Agustin Huneeus, a vineyard owner in Napa Valley. Huneeus faked his daughter’s athletic
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abilities and test scores and was sentenced to five months in jail with two years of court

supervision after his sentence (Ockerman, 2019).

Schools

T.M. Landry College Prep School gained recognition for sending black students to

prestigious universities. The Times found that the school had doctored and even invented

backgrounds for its students designed to appeal to Ivy League admissions officers looking for

inspirational stories, while also abusing and manipulating students. Most of the stories were

made up and used to help students gain unfair advantages (Green, 2018).

Many administrators and coaches from the University of Southern California have been

involved in the scandal such as the senior associate athletic director, the head women’s soccer

coach, the assistance women’s soccer coach, and the water polo coach. In addition, they have all

pled guilty to charges of having some involvement in the scandal (Shamslan, 2019).

More than 20 Atlanta public school administrators were charged with racketeering and

other charges surrounding changing test score answers for students. The defendants involved in

the scandal faced between five to twenty years for making false statements. More than 250,000

answers were changed to the correct answer. Many people involved in the scandal took plea

deals while 12 defendants went to trial (Almasy, 2015).

Cases

The College Admission Fairness Act (2019) was used to amend the Internal Revenue

Code of 1986. It helped come up with rules for charitable contributions to universities. It

prohibits admission decisions be made based on donations by families. Senator Ron Wyden

wants to introduce legislation to eliminate tax advantages. His plan will allow donations to the
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school to be taxable if the donor’s child attends college ​(College Admissions Fairness Act,

2019).

Lori Loughlin is currently on trial in federal court over a college admission bribery

scandal. A college consultant called William Singer assisted children of wealthy parents to

acquire fake SAT or ACT scores and appear as athletes in order to get into top colleges in the

country. Loughlin and her husband Giannulli paid over 500,000 to get two of their daughters in

USC posed as crew recruits. They pleaded not guilty to money laundering and conspiracy to

commit mail and wire fraud. Nearly 50 people are currently being charged and 34 Americans

involved are parents. Loughlin was arrested and released on a one million dollar bond. Loughlin

is looking at 27-46 months right now if convicted (Patten, 2019).

Felicity Huffman donated 15,000 to an SAT proctor in order to have her daughter’s scores

changed. The bribe was disguised as a donation towards “educational programs” towards

disadvantaged youth. Felicity Huffman has been charged with committing mail fraud and

services fraud and served 14 days in jail (Olmstead,2019).

Who Does It Truly Hurt?

The college admissions process depends on the public in order for it to be effective and

successful. When elite families obtain unfair advantages it hurts the admissions process and

society as a whole. For every student unfairly admitted there is a qualified student who isn’t

admitted. Qualified students who deserved a spot on the team or admissions into that university

are not admitted due to bribery and corruption. Hardworking students who are denied admissions

and have their spot given to a wealthier student are the ones affected by the scandal the most

because many of these students will no longer attend college or get the financial aid they
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deserve. Many schools don’t set up students from underrepresented backgrounds such as

students first to go to college in their family or students from lower-income families

(Lombardo,2019).

A ​report by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights ​published last year concluded, "The

federal government must take bold action to address inequitable funding in our nation's

public schools." Schools in America remain largely segregated — and those serving

mostly students of color get $23 billion less than schools serving mostly white students,

though both have the same number of students, according to a ​recent report from the

nonprofit EdBuild​. (Lombardo, 2019)

Reasons People Go Great Lengths To Get Into Certain Schools

Many parents have gone to extreme lengths in order to get their child admissions into a

top-ranked institution. Many parents feel they don’t want their child to “suffer” or experience

any hardships in life. In addition, parents want their children to succeed in life and feel attending

a top school is the way to do so while some parents just like the recognition their child will

receive from graduating from a better learning institution. Many wealthy families believe going

to an elite school will allow students to have more power in life and get a better job and

education. Wealthy parents have admitted to wanting their children to feel like they deserve to be

at one of the best colleges. Elite schools have shown that they don’t improve the outcomes for

their students. Many students end up in the same predicament and applying for the same jobs as

students from a public university unless they have an advantage after college (Calarco,2019).

High School Students

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According to Adrienne Tomao (2019) in many high schools, it is up to guidance

counselors to verify the information of each student. They must make sure a student has met all

requirements and ensure all the specific requirements are met by a high schooler to attend a

certain school. Guidance counselors use a student’s transcript to verify all test scores and official

information. Many colleges or universities will call a school counselor to verify information

written on an application ​ ("Personal Interview," personal communication, November 21, 2019).

The college admission scandal is showing how competitive admissions to elite colleges

are for high schoolers. Many schools are getting more competitive to get into each year including

public colleges and more is being done to have guaranteed admissions. It seems as if the

application pool is increasing while the schools aren’t growing fast enough to accept more

students making them have to be more selective. For example, the University of Virginia has

received a 19% increase in the amount of application in five years; however, the first-year class

has only increased by eight percent over the last few years (Powell,2016).

Testing

The SAT and ACT are used in the college decision process by many schools and taken

into account when deciding whether a student will be admitted. Just the SAT and ACT test prep

course alone is a multi-billion dollar industry. Many parents hire consultants to help students

school the right things to do to get into certain schools. In addition, editors are hired to help high

schoolers with their application essays and give advice (Smith,2019).

Why Is It Wrong?

Many of what seems to be going on involving the college admissions system is not

defined as illegal by the law. As a result, an over 25 million dollar cheating ring was running
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around behind the backs of many law-abiding citizens. For example, things like hiring college

admissions consultants, test prep tutors, and donations to universities aren’t specifically illegal

but definitely immoral and give an advantage to wealthier students. It’s been proven that colleges

favor the wealthy and discriminate against certain groups of students. The scandal has shown

United States citizens that privilege does truly benefit the wealthy and gives richer students an

unfair advantage in society. Hiring a tutor for test prep and having people lie on a student’s

behalf are definitely two different things; however, when abused it can be hard to distinguish

what is fair and what is right (Legatt,2019).

What Now

The recent college admission scandal has shaken up the public’s perception of college

admissions. Many colleges will need to conduct their business in a new way. They will have to

think about how much-standardized test scores matter and how to avoid anymore falsifying of

information. Parents will have to stop placing anxiety on their child over the college they decide

to attend and pay attention to what their child wants to do. The scandal is showing how much the

competition has gotten out of hand and the lengths people will go to get admitted into a certain

school due to the name or status of the particular school. The system of checks and balances will

have to be used in the admissions process to stop cheating from happening (Margaret,2019).

​Conclusion

The scandal may discourage some parents from trying to “game the system”; however,

more parents may try to be more careful in covering their tracks. Many wealthy families may not

see anything wrong with some of the things they are doing and opt not to change their ways. In

order for real change to occur, we as a society would have to reduce the power of privilege and
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money. In reality, many families cannot afford to pay for college for their children and many

underprivileged children rely on financial aid and scholarships in order to attend a college to

university after high school (Calarco, 2019).

Offering a guaranteed standard of living for families and giving more school funding to

underrepresented schools would allow for more students to have an equal chance at attending

colleges and universities they deserve to go to. Having some elite schools use a lottery to admit

students will make it fairer for students to have an equal chance of being admitted. We need to

ensure that even when privileged people find loopholes and use unfair advantages to get ahead

there will be punishment and consequences they are unable to get out of (Calarco, 2019).
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