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10, 2018
• It starts with the pulling of an object that • It is the force that attracts a body toward
have mass on the other object that has also a the center of the Earth or any other physical
measurable mass. body having mass.
• In the latter part, Aristotle believed that • Modern work on gravitational theory
there is no effect without a cause. He also began with the work of Galileo Galilei in his
believed that all bodies move toward famous experiments like dropping balls
according ot their purpose or with their from the Tower of Pisa and dropping or
natural place. The caused of the downward sliding balls on a platform with a slope to
motion of heavy bodies or objects, such as show gravity is independent on mass.
Earth, was related to their nature. For
example: Earth is heavy, therefore, • In this, he concluded that gravity is the
according to Aristotle, Earth will move to its same for all objects. It debunks Aristotle’s
designated place and be in downward theory that the heavier the object, the
motion because of its natural characteristics. heavier the gravity.
• From bottom to the upmost part, Aristotle • Galileo postulated air resistance because
determine the order of the natural place of he observed that the less mass falls more
elements (according to Aristotelian Physics slowly in an atmosphere.
in Gravity: Natural Place): For the elements • With these, in the help of Galileo’s work
earth and water, that place is the center of on gravity, Isaac Newton set a new stage for
the (geocentric) universe; the natural place his own.
of water is a concentric shell around the
earth because earth is heavier; it sinks in • Newton formulated the force which keep
water. The natural place of air is likewise a planets in their orbs or orbits (with the
concentric shell surrounding that of water; gravitational constant.). The equation is the
bubbles rise in water. Finally, the natural following:
place of fire is higher than that of air but
F = G [( m1m2) / r2]
below the innermost celestial sphere
(carrying the Moon). Where F = Force; G = Gravitational
Contant; m1m2 = masses of the object; r =
• Aristotle also contributed in the theory of distance between the centers of the masses.
Geocentricity (that was first presented by
Pythagoras) that states that the Earth is the • The gravitational constant was first
center of the Universe. In Acient times, measured in 1797 by Henry Cavendish.
knowing that the Earth is the center, • The formula created by Isaac Newton was
therefore all heavy objects tend to move based on the Inverse – Square Law, also
downward or tend toward to the center of presented by him, that states that a physical
the universe becuase of the inner heaviness quantity or intensity is inversely
in regards to its nature. proportional to the square of the distance
• He also states that: “It is undeniable that from the source of that physical quantity.
the gravity of a substance depends not on the • In 1916, Albert Einstein’s theory of
amount of its weight, but on its volume.” On General Relativity changed the thinking of
Book VII on his De Architectura. gravity
• In India, Aryhabhata and Brahmatagupta • Dark Energy comes in as the opposite or
contributed on the views of gravity. the inverse of gravity. Gravity pull each
• Arybhabhata first identified the force on other to make a collision, making two or
why objects do not fall when Earth rotates, more physical object occur attraction to each
and an indian mathematician and astronomer other, while Dark Energy warps in the
Brahmagupta describe gravity as an opposite direction, pushing matter away.
attractive force. He also stated that: “In • In theory of general relativity, the gravity
whatever direction you will throw an is not considered as a force, but instead, as a
objects, it will never rise upwards from the spacetime curvature. This theory started out
Earth.” as the Equivalence Principle that states: The
• Position/View: Early astronomers and equality of the inertial and gravitational
philosphers used their resources and factual mass is equivalent to the assertion that the
informations (debunk afterwards) to come acceleration imparted to a body by a
up with a theoretical representation on what gravitational field is independent of the
gravity is. Despite of all of their doings, and nature of the body. For Newton's equation of
citing some credible and philosophical motion in a gravitational field, written out in
statements of other people, sadly, they didn’t full, it is:
achieve their goal to best represent and (Inertial mass) • (Acceleration) = (Intensity
define gravity. They only show little amount of the gravitational field) • (Gravitational
of credible work, but lack on scientific or mass).
real explanation about on their subject.
Additionally, early astronomers and It is only when there is numerical equality
philosophers observe, not only observing but between the inertial and gravitational mass
carefully analyzing the experiments to that the acceleration is independent of the
determine gravity. Although, science debunk nature of the body.
their representation and ideas about gravity, • Einstein proposed that gravity is something
modern scientist and astronomers can use that has trapped in Earth or any other
their informations to guide or to have celestial body from all arround called
references on their projected representation curvatures. Additionally, there are many
of gravity, probably credible enough to notable solutions on Einstein’s theory, and
make future representations on their studies he also considered the geodesic path ( a 4-D
about gravity. starlight line curvature path.).