Are Females Better than Males in Communication and

Acquiring Language?

Arranged by :

HAFIFAH DWI LESTARI (11810422524)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SULTAN SYARIF QASIM
RIAU
2019
 PREFACE

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished
writing the paper entitled “Are Females Better than Males in Communication and
Acquiring Language?” right in the calculated time.
The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by the
Committee of Beasiswa Diknas Provinsis Riau. In arranging this paper, the writer
trully get lots challenges and obstructions but with help of many indiviuals, those
obstructions could passed. Writer also realized there are still many mistakes in
process of writing this paper.
Because of that, the writers say thank you to all individuals who helps in the
process of writing this paper. Hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all. The
writer realized tha this paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content.  Then the
writer hope the criticism from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next
paper. Last but not the least hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more
knowledge about samantics major.

                                    

Pekanbaru, February 10, 2020

Author
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
In principle, consideration of these individual variables should allow for
inclusion and consideration of variables like gender as it also includes social-
psychological factors such as motivation, attitude, cognitive styles and learning
strategies. Under ‘other factors’, the category of sex also features, albeit briefly,
amongst factors that have been claimed to influence SLA, although they assert that
they “know of no study that has systematically investigated the rate of SLA in
females versus males” but they do indicate some studies 13 that “have reported sex-
related differences incidental to their main focus” (Larsen-Freeman and Long, 1991,
204).
Earlier we reviewed the field of research that constitutes language and gender
studies and noted that the various paradigms it has advanced attempt to explain
possible differences between male and female language usage. Similarly, whilst
reviewing SLA theories and general SLA research, one notices that they seldom give
specific consideration to the potential role and influence of other variables, such as
gender, within SLA. It is clear that both the field of SLA research and language and
gender studies share common ground and if this is the case, then this common ground
has to have implications for both fields and therefore that the relationship between
gender and language learning, whether L1 or L2, must be considered by both.
Understanding how males and females use their own native language and a second
language may point to possible differences, but it only goes part the way to
facilitating our understanding about SLA processes and its development in men and
women. This is not to say that without the specific consideration of the variable
gender within SLA or of language learning within language and gender studies that
these fields are redundant in their findings rather, they need to take up the common
challenges presented by each.
The ability of women in mastering l2 (English) is superior to men. According
to the Global EF English Foundation Proficiency Index (EPI) against 1.3 million
adults whose original language is not English, showing women is more than English
speaking. For 8 years in a row, the English skill of women is always in the very high
than men. This research was conducted in 88 countries. Women are more smoothly in
English because they are considered more motivated to learn a foreign language. In
addition, they also have many strategies to remember new information and not
ashamed to make mistakes.
1.2 Problem Formulation
1. what is communication?
2. what is Psychological Factors Females Better than Males in Communication and
Acquiring Language?
3. what is Social Factors Females Better than Males in Communication and
Acquiring Language?

1.3 Purpose of Paper

1. To know what is communication and to know why female are better able to speak
and the nature of female which is mostly fussy.
2. To know what the factors and how the Psychological Factors can impact on female
and male in communication and acquiring a language
3. To know what the factors and how the Social Factors can impact on female and
male in communication and acquiring a language
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

John Gray’s famous book, Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus,
popularized this theory through the title alone, even with tongue planted firmly in
cheek.
In reality, we all come from Earth, but men and women do have diverse ways
of speaking, thinking and communicating overall. For centuries, men and women
have sometimes felt as if they were from different planets. The root of this problem
may just be in the ways we attempt to communicate with each other. Just think of
how you would respond to a particular stimulus and how someone of the opposite sex
might respond if faced with the same situation. Through extensive research of the
genders, many differences have been found. Most people, though, don’t look deeper
into why there’s a difference. Rather, they magnify stereotypes or focus on the
surface-level issues instead of digging deeper into why the genders act one way or
another. We've all been there--those situations when a silly argument turns into a full-
blown battle of the sexes. In some situations, it can be quite comical; but in others, it
can cause huge misunderstandings that ruin relationships. But it doesn't have to be
that way. Communication can be affected or hindered because of the different ways
men and women express themselves and interpret others. Recognizing these
differences in communication will allow us to prevent these misunderstandings when
communicating with the opposite sex. After a little research, I came up with a few
interesting explanations of this "battle of the sexes" phenomenon.

2.1 Communication
Growing up, boys and girls are often segregated, restricting them to socialize
solely with individuals of their own gender, learning a distinct culture as well as their
gender’s norms.
This results in differences in communication between men and women, inclining
both genders to communicate for contrasting reasons. For example, men are more
likely to communicate as a way to maintain their status and independence, while
women tend to view communication as a path to create friendships and build
relationships. For men, communication is a way to negotiate for power, seek wins,
avoid failure and offer advice, among other things. For women, communication is a
way to get closer, seek understanding and find equality or symmetry.
2.2 Psychological Factors

1. Brain
Comparison of Women's Skills Ability with men are seen when they are
children. Girls speak earlier than boys and also at the same age of vocabulary girls
have been 2 times folding from the boys. For men, speaking and language is a very
important brain skill and main work on the left side and do not have a definite place.
Result Scan MRI Research Dr. Tonmoy Sharma in 1999 as quoted in Allan's
and Barbara Pease book, showing when men speak the entire left-hand bracelets but
are not found where the center is speech. While in women, the active brain part is the
front left and plus a small part on the right. While speaking, the part of the other brain
in women continues to work. Therefore women can work while continuing to speak.
In relation to intelligence, women develop more white brain matter, and men
develop more gray brain matter (University of California, Irvine, 2005). In other
words, a male brain represents more information processing centers, and a female
brain represents more networking between these processing centers. No, this doesn't
mean that men are smarter than women or vice versa--sorry to disappoint you! It
simply implies that men and women tend to do things differently.
Rex Jung, co-author of a study done at the University of California, Irvine,
says that these brain differences explain why men tend to excel in tasks involving
more local processing (like math), while women tend to excel at incorporating and
absorbing information from the more scattered gray matter regions in the brain, such
as those necessary for language capability. Part of this has to do with the ways we
were brought up as children--more on that later.

2. Hormones
On every human body are hormones produced by endocrine glands. The
function of the hormone spur a function of certain organs. While the hormone system
that works on women and men differs due to the function of their organs are also
different. Hormone effect the ability to speak in women. Research done Elizabeth
Hanson from University of Westren Ontario, low-level testosterone homone in
women pressing the ability of space while high-estrogen hormones increase the
ability of articulation in speaking and smooth motorists. When women approach their
menstrual periods the estrogen hormone production will increase so it makes the
more good articulation.

3. The Method of Thinking

Is not uncommon between men and women is often unserticated in solving an
existing problem. Starting from different point of view, destination to the method
used to resolve the problem. Men often think that women are shaking something as
well as the man can be solved easily.
In men's thinking process is in their own brains. So men often curf without
sound with themselves. While in women, they think orally. A woman will pronounce
a series of things in line in random order, then register all the options and possibly
also hard to say. The brain of a woman is prepared to use sound as the main form of
expression. That's why when there are 3 tasks to take sequence then the man will say
that he has some tasks and will meet women later after it is done. While women will
continue to say what these tasks think that what the priority is to the one who they
will do.

4. The Need for Words

The result of a study ever conducted that the needs of men and women said.
The need for words is the number of words that one person has to spend every day. If
you have used all your word rations, then you will have a desire to be in
tranquility.Research has been done in Italian women, they mentioned 20,000 words
per day. While men only mentioned 7000 words per day. The difference will be
visible at the end of the day if men have spent "the rations" of the day per day then
the end of the day he will be silent, while women if not spending "the ration" he said
it will continue to talk. This depends on the daily ladies of activities.

2.3 Social Factors

1. Thought Processing
One main difference in communication between men and women is all in the
thought process. Women tend to articulate their thought process. For example, as they
go through a process such as decision-making, women tend to talk about their internal
psychoanalysis as they go. Men go through the same process; however, they tend to
wait until they have the answer before they say very much about the subject.
Counselor Julia Cole explains that in relationships, many people fail to recognize this
main important difference, which can cause or exacerbate and argument. A man may
mistake a woman's pondering as her final answer and accuse her of changing her
mind too often. A woman could think that a man isn't even considering an issue and
accuse him of not caring (Gamble, T.K, 2005). Sound familiar? Of course, not all
men are the same and not all women are the same; but all too often issues like this
arise.
2. Problem Solving
Another interesting difference is that men and women, when each faced with a
problem, tend to try to help each other out in different ways. Deborah Tannen offers
the paradox: "If women are often frustrated because men do not respond to their
troubles by offering matching troubles, men are often frustrated because women do"
(2007). In other words, women tend to desire a sympathetic response to their troubles,
so this is what they do when someone comes to them with a problem. However, men
tend to respond to problems with solutions. How might this pan out into an everyday
argument? If men respond to problems with solutions, how might they react if a
woman responds with sympathy and explaining a similar problem that she went
through? How might a woman react negatively if a man simply offered a solution to
her problem? Does any of this even make sense??
Take Tannen's example of a conversation between a husband and a wife, we'll
call them Tom and Sue. Tom actually became offended when Sue tried to empathize
with him.

Tom: "I'm really tired. I didn't sleep well last night."

Sue: "I didn't sleep well either, I never do."

Tom: "Why are you trying to belittle me?"

Sue: "I'm not! I'm just trying to show that I understand!"

If you have a sense of humor, these situations can be so easy to just sit back,
shake your head and laugh at, but Tannen explains that Tom may have felt that his
experience was being belittled by Sue. "He was filtering her attempts to establish
connection through his concern with preserving independence and avoiding being put
down" (2007).

A woman could be offended when a man simply offers a solution to a

problem she is having. For example:

Woman: "I feel terrible about my new haircut."

Man: "You could go back and ask the stylist to fix it."

Woman: "Oh, so I guess you think it looks bad too."

Man: "That's not what I meant."

Woman: "Then why did you tell me to go back and fix it?"

Man: "Because you said that you were upset with the way it looked."

The woman simply desires to feel that she is understood, and that she isn't
crazy for being bothered by certain things. Women want to know that there are others
who have the same kinds of problems that they do. Tannen further states, "if women
resent men's tendency to offer solutions to problems, men complain about women's
refusal to take action to solve the problems they complain about" (2007).
Many men see themselves as problem solvers, so they become frustrated
when their sincere advice or solutions are met with disapproval from a woman. Say,
for example, that a woman keeps telling her boyfriend about problems she is having
with her coworkers. Her boyfriend may offer piece after piece of advice that she may
not take, but she feels the need to continue talking about the situation. This, of course,
can be frustrating for both involved. The explanation is quite simple. She wants to
receive an expression of understanding like, "I know exactly how you feel," or I've
felt the same way before."
There is also another factor to consider when studying the differences in
communication between men and women. Keep in mind that the way we
communicate based on our gender is also learned. This phenomenon is apparent in
mothers and fathers, sons and daughters.

3. Learned Communication
In an article by Liz Sandoval-Lewis, Campbell Leaper, a developmental
psychologist at UCSC describes how it is not just the way men and women
communicate differently, but rather the topics they choose to discuss:
 Fathers and sons tend to talk about sports and construction-oriented toys. With
these topics, the men and boys are more likely to "emphasize directive, task-
oriented communication."

 Mothers and daughters tend to talk about "feminine-stereotyped activities,

such as playing house, [and] are more likely to emphasize collaborative
communication" (1998).

Leaper suggests that parents should include their sons and daughters in
conversation and activities that will help them practice both types of communication.
The more directive task-oriented speech will prepare them for the work force, and the
collaborative, supportive speech will prepare them for interpersonal relationships.

4. Things to Remember
In order to avoid misunderstandings that can lead to arguments, men and
women must understand their differences not only when in an argument but also
when helping each other. We need to remember that men and women have different
needs, and we communicate our thought processes differently.
In general, women see conversations as "negotiations for closeness in which
people try to seek and give confirmation and support, and to reach consensus;" and
men see conversations as negotiations "in which people try to maintain the upper
hand if they can." In addition, in conversation, a woman tries to protect herself from
being pushed away from others, while a man tries to protect himself from being
pushed around by others (Gamble, 2005, p. 223). Understanding our different styles
of communicating can help us to avoid misconceptions, misunderstandings, and
arguments; and will allow us to make a better connection with each other. When we
do this, we finally realize that men and women aren't from different planets after all;
sometimes we just speak different languages.
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

Female are better in acquiring language and communication, however does not
mean Male are unable to good in communication is just a Male has brain and
hormone that makes them prefer to action than linger in debate. Most people, though,
don’t look deeper into why there’s a difference. Rather, they magnify stereotypes or
focus on the surface-level issues instead of digging deeper into why the genders act
one way or another. In some situations, it can be quite comical; but in others, it can
cause huge misunderstandings that ruin relationships. But it doesn't have to be that
way. Communication can be affected or hindered because of the different ways men
and women express themselves and interpret others. Recognizing these differences in
communication will allow us to prevent these misunderstandings when
communicating with the opposite sex. And there are two major factors that affect this
happen first is Psychological Factors and Social Factors.
 REFERENCES

Rudzinska, Ieva. (2013). Are Female better than Males In Communication in Second
Language. DOI: 10.15503/jecs2013-148-154

Gamble, T.K. & Michael, W. (2005). Contacts: Interpersonal communication in theory,

practice, and context. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Sandoval-Lewis, L. (1998). Gender often does matter in communications between parents

and children. Currents. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from
http://www.ucsc.edu/oncampus/currents/97-98/05-11/leaper.htm>

Tannen, D. (1990). You Just Don't Understand. New York: HarperCollins.

University Of California, Irvine (2005, January 22). Intelligence In Men And Women Is A Gray
And White Matter. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 28, 2010, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/01/050121100142.htm