he following constraints were considered in the design project:

1. Economic (Cost) . The design of this project will be predominantly based on the proper
selection of the design technology and choice of materials that will yield a more economical
and of best quality structural output and yet fit the budgetary considerations of the client.
2. Factor of Safety (Structural Stability) . The designers will adopt the best design technology
that will deliver a structural output that has a higher percentage of safety as calculated based
on the applied codes and standards, and as controlled by known parameters. It is in a way the
scale of assurance that the elements are structurally sound from the given benchmark which is
the imposed loads.
3. Strength Capacity ( Maximum Capacity of the Design) . In this design, consideration was given
to the first-order elastic analysis of the bending of structural beams section including the effects
of elastic restraints. Sections capacities under bending which approximated the effects of full
plasticity in compact sections were considered and became the bench mark of designing within
the parameters of safe design as articulated on the design standards.

steel special moment resisting frame

The concept of a steel special moment frame is a relatively recent development in the building
codes, steel moment frames have been in use for more than one hundred years, dating to the
earliest use of structural steel in building construction. Inelastic behavior in steel special
moment frame structures is intended to be accommodated through the formation of plastic
hinges at beam-column joints and column bases. Plastic hinges form through flexural yielding of
beams and columns and shear yielding of panel zones. The principal advantage of moment
frame structures is that they do not have structural walls or vertically oriented diagonal braces.
They therefore provide architectural freedom in design, permitting open bays and unobstructed
view lines. The tradeoff for these benefits is that moment frames can be more costly to
construct than braced frame or shear wall structures. The added cost results from the use of
heavier sections in the moment resisting frames, requiring increased steel usage and more
labor-intensive connections than is common in braced structures. However, moment frames
typically impose smaller forces on foundations than do other structural systems, resulting in
somewhat more economical foundation systems.
Special Moment Resisting Frame with Cross Bracing
Special moment frames (SMFs) are expected to withstand significant inelastic deformation during a
design earthquake, so special proportioning and detailing requirements are therefore essential to
resisting strong earthquake shaking.