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In professional field proper lighting design is very important because an under lighting arrangement will
decrease the efficiency of the task for which the lightings were designed and an over lighting arrangement
will result in over expenditure of the company. On small scale this difference is not too much to worry about
but in large buildings, plants, factories, etc it becomes very significant in today electrical wiring installations.
The simple and basic approach for calculating the lighting requirement is to divide the total light
requirement of the room by light output (lumen) provided by a single lamp. Although this is the basic approach
for an average household room, but it’s not practically accurate.
In practical there are several other parameters which are necessary to be considered in the calculation
because nothings Ideal. For example, the luminaries lumen output won’t be the same throughout the entire
life span, dust deposition on lamps will also reduce their output over time which means cleanliness is also an
important parameter. A bright painted room reflects more light than a dark coloured room so they both have
different lighting requirements.
So it is important to first understand few basic terms about lighting design before beginning the
calculations.
Room Index- It is based on shape and size of the room. It describes the ratios of the room’s length, width
and height. It’s usually between 0.75 to 5.
2. Room Reflections
The effective reflectance’s of these 3 surfaces affect the quantity of reflected light received by the working
plane. Light colors like white, yellow will have more reflectance compared to dark colors like blue, brown.
3. Utilization Factor
Utilization factor (UF) is the ratio of effective luminous flux to the total luminous flux of light sources. It is the
measure of the effectiveness of the lighting scheme.
It depends upon:
It is the ratio of distance between adjacent luminaires (centre to centre) to their height above the working plane.
Where,
Hm = Mounting height
A = Total floor area
N = No. of Luminaires
It should not exceed maximum SHR of the luminaire as provided by the manufacturer.
Note: A normal living room requires 20 lm/ft2 i.e. 215 lm/m2, For a Studying room i.e. Classroom 300 lm/m2 is
required.
(Note that for different environment and conditions there are different standards. For example, companies
like many MNC’s should maintain 600 lm/m2 in the Office’s for people working in night shifts).
Now let us start with the steps. Consider the following layout of a particular floor of the School and analyze
the lighting requirements of different sections of the floor.
The below table is a reference table for calculating utilization factor for light fittings. It differs from model to
model and make to make. For just understanding the concept, we are using a single reference table for all
the light fittings. The actual table is provided by the manufacturer and can be little different from the one
below.
UTILIZATION FACTOR TABLE FOR SHRRoom = 1.5
Reflectance code for classroom = 752
I.e. 70% reflectance for ceiling, 50% for wall and 20% for floor (General standard for white/light coloured
walls).
For R.I. = 1.8 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.66
For Classroom/Office Maintenance Factor = 0.8 (Standard)
Lumen/Watt: 4000lm/40w
For R.I. = 1.8 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.66
M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)
For R.I. = 1.26 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.55
For R.I. = 1.05 and reflectance code = 752, Utilization Factor (U.F) = 0.49
M.F. = 0.8 (Standard)
Note: The luminaires should be place equidistance to each other for uniform distribution of light in the room. The
actual number of luminaires used in the classroom will be less than what we have calculated since the utilization
factor of LED lights is better than what we have taken in the calculation although steps will be the same.