INTENTIONAL

AND
UNINTENTION
AL INJURIES

Submitted By: Madelin Mabuti

Grade & Section: 9-Mapagkalinga
Submitted To: Ms. Maria Lee Junio
Intentional Injuries
Intentional Injury
The term "intentional" is used to refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed
at oneself or others. Intentional injuries include self inflicted and interpersonal acts of violence intended to
cause harm.

Types Of Intentional Injuries

A. Interpersonal Violence
Interpersonal Violence (IPV) is the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual,
against a person or group that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological
harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.

Kinds of Interpersonal Violence

a. Domestic Violence
Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse in a
domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. Domestic violence may be used as a synonym for
intimate partner violence, which is committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the
other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former
spouses or partners. In the broadest sense, domestic violence can also involve violence against children,
parents, or the elderly. It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic,
religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and
to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation, and acid throwing that results
in disfigurement or death. Domestic murders include stoning, bride burning, honor killings, and dowry
deaths (which sometimes involve non-cohabitating family members).

b. Bullying
Bullying is the use of force, coercion, or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The
behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by
others) of an imbalance of physical or social power. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict.
Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by the following three minimum criteria:
hostile intent, imbalance of power, and repetition over a period of time.Bullying is the activity of repeated,
aggressive behavior intended to hurt another individual, physically, mentally, or emotionally. Bullying
ranges from one-on-one, individual bullying through to group bullying, called mobbing, in which the bully
may have one or more "lieutenants" who are willing to assist the primary bully in their bullying activities.
Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse". Robert W. Fuller has analyzed
bullying in the context of rankism. The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullyingoccurs
when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other
persons",and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon
another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways".Individual bullying is usually
characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person.

c. Stalking
Stalking is unwanted and/or repeated surveillance by an individual or group toward another person.
Stalking behaviors are interrelated to harassment and intimidation and may include following the victim in
person or monitoring them. The term stalking is used with some differing definitions in psychiatry and
psychology, as well as in some legal jurisdictions as a term for a criminal offense.

d. Extortion
Extortion (also called shakedown, and, in a legal sense incorrectly, exaction) is obtaining benefit
through coercion. In most jurisdictions it is likely to constitute a criminal offense; the bulk of this article
deals with such cases. Extortion is sometimes called the "protection racket" since the racketeers often
phrase their demands as payment for "protection" from (real or hypothetical) threats from unspecified other
parties; though often, and almost always, such "protection" is simply abstinence of harm from the same
party, and such is implied in the "protection" offer. Extortion is commonly practiced by organized crime. In
some jurisdictions, actually obtaining the benefit is not required to commit the offense, and making a threat
 of violence which refers to a requirement of a payment of money or property to halt future violence is
sufficient to commit the offense.

e. Kidnapping
In criminal law, kidnapping is the unlawful transportation, asportation and confinement of a person
against their will. Thus, it is a composite crime. It can also be defined as false imprisonment by means of
abduction, both of which are separate crimes that when committed simultaneously upon the same person
merge as the single crime of kidnapping. The asportation/abduction element is typically but not necessarily
conducted by means of force or fear. That is, the perpetrator may use a weapon to force the victim into a
vehicle, but it is still kidnapping if the victim is enticed to enter the vehicle willingly, e.g., in the belief it is
a taxicab. Kidnapping may be done to demand for ransom in exchange for releasing the victim, or for other
illegal purposes. Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury which elevates the crime to aggravated
kidnapping.

f. Terrorism
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes. It
is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in context of war against non-
combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel).

B. Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders, including depression,
bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse—including
alcoholism and the use of benzodiazepines—are risk factors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress,
such as from financial difficulties, relationship problems such as breakups, or bullying Those who have
previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts.Effective suicide prevention efforts
include limiting access to methods of suicide—such as firearms, drugs, and poisons; treating mental
disorders and substance misuse; careful media reporting about suicide; and improving economic
conditions.Even though crisis hotlines are common, they have not been well studied.

C. Collective Violence
Collective violence, violent form of collective behaviour engaged in by large numbers of people
responding to a common stimulus. Collective violence can be placed on a continuum, with one extreme
involving the spontaneous behaviour of people who react to situations they perceive as uncertain,
threatening, or extremely attractive. Riots and random youth gang fights are examples of spontaneous
collective violence. At the other extreme are the organized forms of collective violence. These include
coups, rebellions, revolutions, terrorism, and war.

Unintentional Injuries
Unintentional injuries are harmful acts that occurred without any intention of causing damage to oneself
or others. A large proportion of unintentional injuries occur in or around the home and many of these injuries
occur as a result of falls, like down the stairs or when someone uses a ladder to fix something. Other than the
home, we all know bad things can happen in the dangerous outer world, and the most common places of
unintentional injuries outside the home are streets, highways, and recreational areas.

Kinds of Unintentional Injuries

A. Traffic Collision
A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a
vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such
as a tree, pole or building. Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.
B. Burn
A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction,
or radiation.Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids, solids, or fire. While rates are similar for males
and females the underlying causes often differ.Among women in some areas, risk is related to use of open
cooking fires or unsafe cook stoves.Among men, risk is related to the work environments.Alcoholism and
smoking are other risk factors.Burns can also occur as a result of self-harm or violence between people.

C. Scratches
Scratching is a form of rubbing which may create scratches; living creatures that scratch their skin
usually do so in response to itching, which response is sometimes called a scratch reflex.

D. Food Poisoning
Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to as food poisoning) is any illness
resulting from the spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate
food,as well as toxins such as poisonous mushrooms and various species of beans that have not been boiled
for at least 10 minutes.

E. Occupational Injuries
An occupational injury is bodily damage resulting from working. The most common organs involved
are the spine, hands, the head, lungs, eyes, skeleton, and skin. Occupational injuries can result from
exposure to occupational hazards (physical, chemical, biological, or psychosocial), such as temperature,
noise, insect or animal bites, blood-borne pathogens, aerosols, hazardous chemicals, radiation, and
occupational burnout.

F. Drowning
Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment as a result of being in or under a liquid. Drowning
typically occurs silently, with only a few people able to wave their hands or call for help.Symptoms
following rescue may include breathing problems, vomiting, confusion, or unconsciousness. Occasionally
symptoms may not appear until up to six hours afterwards.Drowning may be complicated by low body
temperature, aspiration of vomit, or acute respiratory distress syndrome.

G. Sports Injuries
Sports injuries are injuries that occur during sport, athletic activities, or exercising

H. Fall Falling
Fall falling is the second leading cause of accidental death worldwide and is a major cause of personal
injury, especially for the elderly. Falls in older adults are an important class of preventable injuries.
Builders, electricians, miners, and painters are occupations with high rates of fall injuries.

I. Asphyxia or asphyxiation
Asphyxia or asphyxiationis a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from
abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which
affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of
which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for
an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.

J. Calds Scalding
Calds Scalding (from the Latin word calidus, meaning hot is a form of thermal burn resulting from
heated fluids such as boiling water or steam. Most scalds are considered first or second degree burns, but
third degree burns can result, especially with prolonged contact.