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SOLUTIONS
EXPT 17
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
• Are those preparation intended for administration by injection
through the skin
• Preparation, manipulation, handling and use are complex and
extremely critical
• Because parenteral administration by passes the natural barrier of the
skin or alimentary tract, these product have strict requirements not
encountered with dosage forms intended for other route of
administration
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
• Errors in preparing or administering
• Dispense product with microbiological contamination
• Error in dosage
• Giving the wrong drug
• A more complex knowledge of current standards and procedure for
handling parenteral product is essential for any pharmacist who is
preparing or supervising the preparation, handling and use of
parenteral product (ASHP, USP, FDA, reference book, PIC/S)
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Use of Parenteral Product
• Offers one alternative when patient is unable to take medication by
mouth (unconscious,vomiting)
• Some drugs must be given parenterally because they are not
therapeutically active when taken orally because of inactivation in
GIT or first pass metabolism by the liver
• A drug must be injected because it requires direct delivery to an
organ, a lesion, a muscle or nerve.
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
DISADVANTAGES
• More difficult and costly to produce.
• Must conform to strict requirements for microbiological purity,
particulate matter and pyrogenicity
• Problems with dose or adverse effects may be difficult or impossible
to reverse
• Any introduction of pathogens into the product during production,
preparation, manipulation or handling or during administration to the
patient can have serious and even deadly consequence
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Laminar Flow Hood
• These are workbenches that provide
an environment of specifically
filtered air that sweeps the work are
and provides an aseptic work area
• Horizontal LFH
• Vertical LFH
HEPA Filter- High Efficiency
Particulate Air
• 99.97% efficient
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Clean Room- Buffer room, contains the LFH
used for aseptic processing of parenteral
product
Anteroom- Room adjacent to the clean room
Washing & gowning
Unpacking of cleanroom supply packages
Critical Surface- Surface that came into contact
with sterile product, container or closure
• Ex. Needle shaft, plunger of syringe
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
• FLOOR PLAN
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Preparation of Sterile Products
Wipe down the
LAFW/LFH Wipe the side surface,
Turned ON at least 30
work surface from
• 70% Isopropyl alcohol and minutes before using.
sterile gauze (4x4’s) back and front
Reminders:
• No bubbles, write the information at the label
Storage Condition:
• 1. Sterile reconstituted solution are stable when refrigerated for 1
hour
• 2. Solution diluted for IV infusion are stable at room temperature for
at least 24 hours
PENICILLIN SYRINGE
Penicillin 150,000 units
Dispense in syringe
Sig. As Directed