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This document provides guidance on interviewing and facilitating discussions in a community context. It emphasizes showing respect, developing rapport, using culturally appropriate language and question forms, active listening, and building trust. The goal is to understand community needs and empower people, while avoiding questions that could be disrespectful or make assumptions about people's situations. Effective facilitation requires skills like paraphrasing, summarizing, and encouraging participation in a way that is sensitive to local culture.
This document provides guidance on interviewing and facilitating discussions in a community context. It emphasizes showing respect, developing rapport, using culturally appropriate language and question forms, active listening, and building trust. The goal is to understand community needs and empower people, while avoiding questions that could be disrespectful or make assumptions about people's situations. Effective facilitation requires skills like paraphrasing, summarizing, and encouraging participation in a way that is sensitive to local culture.
This document provides guidance on interviewing and facilitating discussions in a community context. It emphasizes showing respect, developing rapport, using culturally appropriate language and question forms, active listening, and building trust. The goal is to understand community needs and empower people, while avoiding questions that could be disrespectful or make assumptions about people's situations. Effective facilitation requires skills like paraphrasing, summarizing, and encouraging participation in a way that is sensitive to local culture.
§ Does the form of a question make a difference to you?
§ Does it depend on the topic?
o Essential Question: How do you introduce yourself to other people? • Read nonverbals o Will it be the same introduction to: • Listen more than you talk • Family member § What can you do to keep from “jumping in” with another • Classmate questions when your interviewees may just need some time to • UST administrators think and answer? • Teacher § Listening = Learning • Stranger § The biggest communication problem is we do not listen to • Financially challenged person understand. We listen to reply. o Kinds of Families to Encounter • Consists of more than 10 children o Question Structure • Young couples • Closed questions: (yes or no) • Single parents § Do you like to eat meat? o Target § Do you use the barangay health clinic? • One person to interview per group • Either/or questions: • Avoid disrespectful attitudes § Do women… or do they…? o Introduction (Introduce yourself) § Is the clinic free or there is a fee? • Open questions (why, what, when, where, how) o Essential parts of interviewing § What ate some foods you like to eat? • State: asking questions or more formally interviewing people § When might you take your family member to the barangay § Form of communication health clinic? § Know people • Personal question forms § Know their problems, etc. § Do you throw your trash in the river? • If done well, we can establish trust. (Community trust) § How many children do you have? § Develop trust of people as you interview them. • Generalized question forms s It’s in your instincts whether or not you will trust a person. § Do people throw trash in the river? s This may occur in the fieldwork; some will really lie or tell the § How many children do most families have? truth. s The way you trust depends on how you were raised, the culture you practice, or how your parents taught you. o What can YOUth do? • If done well, we can create a human bond • Mr. Ryan Ricalde – Bilang Pilipino sana ay maramdaman namin § You are there to listen na sinusuportahan niyo kaming mga Lumad.” § Be patient to become aware of the answers of your questions. o Skill Tool Kit Manual – Approaches in community engagement must (because it may be difficult for the interviewee to tell personal be culturally appropriate things) o Community engagement skills • Begin a partnership • Observation § A process § Tsismisan, ang libangan sa bawat kanto. (ako ang sasagot § Doesn’t occur immediately kahit di mo tinatanong) • Ask: What are the results of inappropriate question asking? § Filters § Income s Filters are biases, values, or beliefs that influence the way § Ex. Different complexity- try to praise them for surviving or we see something. (Life experiences, biases, trust, religion, doing well in a situation. parents, self-image, prejudices, values, sex) § “Bakit ka mahirap?” – we cannot judge; some may be s They come from the concepts we learned in childhood and contented with what they already have. have acquired over the years through experience. § If they have illegal practices. s Sample of Filters § If they don’t have a job. ◦ Life experiences: what you have gone through § Questions that show you are privileged. ◦ Culture: the norms with which you were raised § Process yourself; what questions wouldn’t offend them. ◦ Respect: whom you are taught to respect and how you respect them o Essential Characteristics of interviewing ◦ Self-image: how you perceive yourself • Demonstrate respect ◦ Prejudice: the races, ethnic groups, social, and other § What are some ways you have used to display respect to groups you are prejudiced for or against other people? ◦ Biases; the things you have a predilection for or against s Open mindedness ◦ Background: where, how, and with what groups you were s Tone raised s Attention ◦ Trust: whom you learned to trust and distrust as a child s Po and opo ◦ Parents: the many things you were taught by your • Develop rapport parents § Close and harmonious relationship ◦ Sex and gender roles: the way you react to sexes and § Understand each other bender roles; how you perceive the world based on your § Communicate well sex § Connection; makikita nararamdaman ng mga tao ◦ Likes and dislikes: your personal likes and dislikes § How would you develop rapport with someone? • Facilitation • Use familiar, non-threatening topics • Interview § the topics that are familiar and non-threatening differ by cultures and their particular history • Use appropriate, non-threatening question forms o Aims of Facilitation § Why do you think most Filipinos begin with the question o Facilitation “Kumusta po kayo?” “Ano po ang trabaho niyo?” • Facilitation is a skill which encourages the members of a group § Not all people are comfortable with personal questions to express and discuss their own ideas § “Ano po sa tingin o masasabi ninyo sa programang • Group facilitation (strategy design, action planning, issue pangkalusugan dito sa inyong lugar?” or “Ano po ang mapping, process mapping, problem solving, conflict resolution, sinasabi ng mga tao o ng inyong mga kabarangay sa project/activity prioritizing, visualization, team building, programang pangkalusugan sa inyong lugar?” stakeholder engagement) § A less personal question form may be more appropriate borromeo • It requires the use of questions that elicit ideas, probe, and • Hence, it is a cycle encourage everyone to participate and express views o Engagement (Short/brief one), Empowerment (Cannot be • Requires paraphrasing and summarizing quantified; it takes time) • Attention to the process of the group o Globalization • It builds the skills that were introduced and practiced in the • Changes brought by globalization? – technology, etc. interviewing session. o How communication affects empowerment of a person? • Facilitation must be culturally appropriated • Involves understanding so others may be empowered as well o Our goal: to learn how to facilitate discussions. o Importance of Empowerment o Effective Facilitator • Quality of life and human dignity • Leader-centered § Whatever status you have, you can have a contribution to § Introduce new ideas the community § Lead through series of steps • Good governance § Test knowledge § Leaders are already empowered, and hopefully doing their § Review activity jobs/applying in their positions what needs to be done in the • Facilitator community § Help group process own ideas • Pro-poor growth § Knowledge resides in group § Helps those who are financially challenged § Manage process, not content • Project effectiveness and improved service delivery § Encourages all to participate § Empower self through the process if ever a project fails o Language patterns o Types of Empowerment § Question asking • Social empowerment - Connection or linkages with the people § Paraphrasing § Ex. Community members helping each other if there are § Summarizing calamities, fire, etc. o Key steps in facilitating a group • Economic Empowerment - Certain livelihood needs to be § Arrival (build a rapport) enhanced to increase profit or growth § Introductions (demonstrations of respect) § Aside from work, other people find ways to earn additional § Facilitation of discussions income § Summarizing • Political Empowerment - Leaders have best practices and they § Closure share it with one another to empower each other o 4 Key Elements 1.Access to information o What is empowerment? • Information is power • Can be in different forms (subjective) • Communication technologies often play a pivotal role in. • Contribute idea then naging maganda outcome – felt happy Broadening access to information • People consider themselves empowered when they think about • every person should have access to info others, not only themselves • If you want to help out your community, them you have to know o Empowerment and Participatory Development more information • Define power 2.Inclusion/participation § Authority • Opportunities for poor people § Decision making that will affect everyone • Participate in decision making = critical § Who holds power in your community? • Commitment to change • Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man how 3.Accountability to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. – Lao Tzu • State officials, public employees, and private actors must be • Short term and long term effects held answerable for their policies, actions, and use of funds • Release the potential • Horizontal or internal accountability mechanisms § We’re all capable pf doing much more. It’s institutions and 4.Local organizational capacity concepts that limit us and keep us down. We’re like a bonsai • Ability of people to work together, organize themselves , and tree, a tiny plant kept tiny because of the way we’re planted. mobilize resources to solve problems of common interest If we bad a better place, we would be tall and moving toward • Community as a puzzle in which it cannot function without all the sky. of its parts. § What are your potentials? o Empowered Community s Potentials – capability • Confident s Potential means nothing if you don’t do anything with it. • Inclusive s Unleash your potential • Organized s “Release your inner kraken.” • Co-operative ◦ Do not limit yourself • Influential ◦ Make actions on your strengths and potentials. o Community as a construction o Empowerment • Application: Nasa contractors yung plano and • Refers broadly to the expansion of freedom of choice and magcocompromise sa kung ano gusto ng client para masatify action (WHO, 2010) yung needs or requirements niya; like a leader maaapektuhan • Expansion of assets and capabilities of poor people yung mga tao. § Financially challenged are unaware so we have to empower o Importance of empowered community (step by step) them that there are resources in which they can benefit from • Strengthen the community’s capacity to identify problems and • Forms • Come up with solutions § Process – power with • Carry out plans § State – power within • Monitor the progress and make an appropriate evaluation o Empowerment is an o Gandhi: The poor of the world cannot be helped by mass outcome and a process production, only by production by the masses • Knowledge is shared o Community Based Empowerment Guideline (WHO, 2010) to other thru linkages • Self-advocacy and communication so we empower them as • Political participation well • People’s organization • Authorities us position • Community mobilization to empower other and • Self-help groups come up solutions for o Advantages of Community Empowerment problems • Active involvement = participation of all members borromeo • Local strengths, creativity and resource, and actively seeks to decrease dependency on = sustainability • Equity in decision making process, resources mobilization • Enhanced motivation • Build the capacity of the community = encouraging the acquisition of relevant skills o Challenges for community participation • Less room allowed for community participation • Communities are often primarily motivated by their strong sense of urgency about achieving their present objectives and timeline • Incomplete participation or representation in decision making • Resistance to change o Conclusion • Community empowerment practitioners firstly need to ensure that community members take ownership of the initiative • Secondly, creating strong links to outside resources and development partners as communities are not closed and self sustaining systems • Thirdly, for a successful community participation requires a strong skilled local leadership • Fourthly, optimal community leadership and optimal representation