Forest Tree Species Service Forest VN Mard 2003

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
FOREST SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAMME AND PARTNERS
FOREST TREE SPECIES SELECTION

FOR PLANTING PROGRAMMES IN VIETNAM
Compiled by:
Le Dinh Kha, Nguyen Xuan Lieu, Nguyen Hoang Nghia,
Ha Huy Thinh, Hoang Sy Dong, Nguyen Hong Quan, Vu Van Me
HANOI, NOVEMBER 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
Table of contents 2
Background and justification 3
Method of study 6
Part I. Selection criteria and lists of priority species for 8

production forests
1. Selection criteria of priority species for production forests 8

2. Lists of priority species for production forests 10
Part II. Selection criteria and lists of priority species for 11

protection forests
1. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests 11

2. Lists of priority species for protection forests 12
Part III. Selection criteria and list of priority species for 15

special-used forests
1. Selection criteria of priority species for special-used forests 15

2. List of priority species for special-used forests 16
Part IV. Annexes 18
Table 1. List of forest tree species used in tree planting 19

programmes in Vietnam
Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for 29

production forests
Table 3. Site conditions for planting priority species for 35

protection forests
Table 4a + 4b. Site conditions for planting priority species for 45

special-used forests
Part V. Introduction to major important species for planting 59

programmes
2
FOREST TREE SPECIES SELECTION
FOR PLANTING PROGRAMMES IN VIETNAM
BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
1. Present situation and necessity of selecting species for plantation
Together with concentrated plantation forests using investment from donor projects
and scattered tree planting progarmmes of the communities, the five million hectare
reforestation programme (5MHRP = P.661) was approved by the National Congress
and the Government of Vietnam has conducted to implement in the whole country
since 1999 and gained some initial optimal results.
In process of tree planting programmes' operation, the forestry owners in the

provinces are concerned with identification of types and structures of planting
species, especially the species that are valuable in some aspects, ecological
requirement matching with the site conditions, is prioritized to plant in wide range.
According to forest development strategy for period 2001-2010, the forest resources
in Vietnam have been classified into 3 categories that should be in concentration:
- Production forest
- Protection forest
- Special - used forest
In order to implement the main objectives of the 5MHRP and others, the planting,
taking care, enriching forest activities should meet 3 following purposes:
1. For production and people’s living standards: The products processed from
forests should meet various and increasing needs of the society.
2. Ensure that the forest ecological system stable and improve its role in
environment protection.
3. Protect, maintain and enrich the biological diversification of Vietnam forests.
In the past plantation programmes, especially in the programme 327, some lists of
planting species have been proposed (104 species for Programme 327, 208 species
for STRAP, etc.). Those programmes emphasized in using indigenous species for
plantation forests and enrichment of natural forests.
Presently in implementation process of 5MHRP and other planting programmes,

plantation and enriching activities in the proposed objectives are based both on
endemic-indigenous species and exotic-fast growing species for protection,
production meeting the social various demands. Therefore, the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural development (MARD) made on report on planting structure
and plan for forestry development in 9 forestry economic-ecological zones in the
whole country for research.
Since 2000, Vietnam Tree Seed Project (VTSP/DANIDA) funded by Royal Danish
Government through DANIDA has held 6 regional workshops and one national
3
seminar on species selection in order to discuss on selection criteria and establish
the lists of priority tree species serving for 3 major planting purposes, as: production,
protection and special-used forests. Based on the results from those workshops, and
seminar, VTSP has proposed the lists of 57 priority species for production forests, 78
priority species for protection forests and 63 priority species for special-used forests.
The current proposals of forest tree species for planting programmes, which based
on the results of investigation and scientific, practical research, is applied in
reforestation programmes over the country gained considerable achievements.
However, these proposals are mainly concentrated on selection of indigenous
species for specific economic areas. In order to fulfill one of three important
functions, the 5MHRP has to establish 3 million hectares of production forests,
provide diversified products for the society. Therefore, beside indigenous endemic
species in the regions, the planting programmes also use several exotic fast-growing
and multi-purpose species.
So, it is neccessary to consider to revise, adjust, supplement data and elaborate the
lists of tree species used for reforestation programmes, especially, it is important to
establish a site-specific selection procedures which permits the ecological matching
of species with site conditions.
To support the development of forestry sector in Vietnam, 21 International partners

have signed the agreements with the forest sector of Vietnam (documented in July,
2003) in the "Forest Sector Support Programme and Partners - FSSP&P". In this
programme, the partners have defined 9 priority areas for support. To carry out the
FSSP&P successfully, one of the four important tools which can help the foresters in
particular and the men who are interested in forestry activities in general, is that we
have elaborate the "Forestry Sector Manual". The main objective of "Forestry
Sector Manual" is to provide tolls to plan, implement and to monitor projects and
activities within the forestry sector of Vietnam. Master list of subject areas of the
"Forestry Sector Manual" consists of 37 major issues. Of which, the species
selection for planting purposes is considered one of 18 very important issues,
because it is prerequisite, affect to the success of planting programmes. So, based
on requirements of FSSP&P and REFAS, one working group has been established
with the main duty is responsible for selecting of species for planting programmes in
Vietnam.
2. Objectives
- Collection, revision and elaboration of lists of tree species used in planting
programmes on national level based of available materials collected from the
workshops and end-user studies and lists of prioriry species using for individual
planting purpose, i.e. production / protection / special-used forests.
- To compile in data-format a list of key ecological data based on key climatic,
elevation and, where possible, soil data for a number of selected species in
Vietnam which can be entered into the site-specific selection system.
- Up-date basic informations and introduce to major important species used in
planting programmes for foresters in the local units.
4
3. Outputs
- List of tree species used in planting programmes in Vietnam.

- Propose priority criteria to choose priority species using for various planting
purposes in Vietnam, i.e. production / protection / special-used forests.
- Lists of prioriry species using for individual planting purpose, i.e. production /
protection / special-used forests.
- Data-format a list of key ecological data based on key climatic, elevation and,
where possible, soil data for a number of selected species in Vietnam which can
be entered into the site-source matching system and used as the guidelines for
foresters.
- Introduce the up-date basic informations to major important species used in
planting programmes for foresters in the local units.
4. Activities
- Collect all the available lists of forest tree species used in planting programmes in
Vietnam, i.e. P.327, PAM, STRAP, P.661, VTSP/DANIDA, WB, KfW, etc.
- Collect all the data relating to forest tree species used for domestication,
introduction, species/provenance trials, germplam sources and planting materials
movement.
- Gather assessments of the results of trials on species: introduction, species/
provenance trials, species screening, ex-situ conservation plots, etc.
- Draft proposals for end-user studies e.g. questionnaires and interview schedules.
- Go through existing priority species lists and group species according to end-use,
national or regional priorities or other criteria.
- Base on ecological data of slected species and provenances, establish a site-
specific selection system with various levels of detail, from national to provincial,
regional level. Data files indicating elevation and climatically suitable areas for
particular species could be taken to MapInfo:
+ Compile ecological data from existing sources such as species distribution
maps, research reports, surveys and other reliable sources.
+ Fill in a data-sheet of key ecological parameters for selected tree species.
+ Assess optimum range and tolerance level for relevant parameters such as
rainfall and temprature.
5
METHOD OF STUDY
The contents and methodology used to identify forestry planting species and to
select priority species for planting activities and forest restoration are summaried as
follows:
1. Target group and scopes:

- Selected species including species for concentrated plantations and scattered
planting are included.
- Species, which have been successfully planted and demonstration models have
been established; or
- Species with high potentials (distributed in many regions, high economic and
ecological values).
2. Species name:
- Species name is defined in Vietnamese (common name and local name (if any),
scientific name is attached to the author's name. The main reference is "Names
of Vietnam Forest Trees", published in 2000 and some exceptions.
- Species name is arranged in alphabet. Less known name or local name are
placed in bracket.
- The scientific name attached with its author is the official common name. In
specific cases, name of co-authors are placed in the bracket.
- Plant's family is placed according to the scientific name. In specific cases, the
plant's family according to Vietnamese name is placed in the bracket.
- Distribution area of indigenous species are recorded in three large regions: North
(N), Centre (C) and South (S).
- Exotic species are recorded as (*) in the column Vietnamese name.
3. Group division:
a) Species are grouped according to the establishment purposes of
production forests, protection forests and special-used forests.
b) Each group is divided into sub-groups according to their main using
purposes for each category of forests:
- Species use for production forests: 2 sub-groups:

+ Species supply wood (Raw materials: paper, chip; Mining poles; Furnitures
and Construction).
+ Species supply non-timber products (bark, leaves, resin, oil, fruits, seeds, . . .)
- Species use for protection foresst: 4 sub-groups:

+ Watershed protection, soil erosion prevention
+ Windbreak, sand dune protection
+ Wave break, dike protectiion
+ Landscape, environment
- Species use for special used forests: choice species based on:
+ Threatened level
+ Endemicity
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+ Representative level for ecological system
+ Economic value
+ Scientific value
+ Regenerative ability
+ Planting ability
In general, there are three main criteria should pay more attentions when select
priority species use for planting programmes, as followings:
• Criteria of economy:
- Meet the demand of commecial purposes.
- High effectiveness of investment.
- Large and stable market.
• Criteria of environment:
- Ecological characteristics of species match local conditions.
- Species have high adaptability to wide range of ecological conditions.
- Environmental improvement.
• Criteria of science and technology:
- Good seeds are available, seed sources and propagation methods are known.
- Seed handling, planting, tending techniques are known.
According to different planting purposes, the priority order is also different. When
choose species serving for planting production forests, the priority order is: Economy
-Science/Technology-Environment. In the other hand, when choose species serving
for planting protection and special-used forests, the priority order is: Environment-
Science/Technology-Economy.
For exotic species, when define the requirement of planting conditions in Vietnam, it
is based on the results of species/provenance/introduction trials, intensive and
extensive plantations in recent years in the regions of the country, and refered to the
site conditions in original areas.
The mentioned works have been done by a Working Group (WG). The group
members were short term consultants from Forest Science Insititute of Vietnam
(FSIV), Central Forest Seed Company (CFSC), Forest Inventory and Planning
Institute (FIPI), Forestry University (FU), Forestry Department (FD), and some other
experts, specialized in aspects of Silviculture, Forestry Soil, etc.
7
PART I
SELECTION CRITERIA AND LISTS OF PRIORITY SPECIES
FOR PRODUCTION FORESTS
1. Selection criteria of priority species for production forests

1.1. Common criteria:
- Economic value suitable to the purpose of forestry industry
- Ecological characteristics of species match local conditions.
- Large and stable market.
- Short rotation, produce in short time.
- Easy to grow or growing techniques known
- Resistibility to diseases/insects, non-toxic for environment.
1.2. Detailed criteria:

Production forests are devided into two sub-groups:
- Species supply wood
- Species supply non-timber products (bark, leaves, resin, oil, fruits, seeds, . . .)
1.2.1. Selection criteria for species supply wood:

Main criteria for selecting species which can supply wood is large exploited volume
of wood and wood quality in the given time.
The major groups of tree species supply wood are:

- Industrial raw materials.
- Mining pole wood.
- Wood for construction and furnitures.
• Species supply raw materials for industries must be fast-growing, annual
productivity in the intensive cultivation condition over 15 m3/ha/year.
Raw materials consist of: Paper pulp, chip wood and MDF.
+ Wood for paper pulp has density more than 0,40 (at moisture content (MC)
12%), effective use more than 47%.
+ Wood for making chip wood and MDF has density 0,40 - 0,45, easy to work.
+ Chip wood has fine texture, density 045-0.50, easy to work.
• Species supply mining pole wood must be fast-growing, density more than
0,45, resistance to termites, insects, durable and easy to work.
• Woods for construction and furniture: beautiful texture, colours, durable,
suitable with the market.
Moreover, those species have straight trunks, high and round-shaped boles (over
4m)
1.2.2. Selection criteria for species supply non-timber products:
The major groups of tree species which supply non-timber products are:
- Bark and products from bark
- Leaves and products from leaves
- Resin/oil and products from resin/oil
- Fruits/seeds and products from fruits/seeds
8
The major criterita for selection of species supply non-timber products are as follows:
- Species supply bark and products from bark: fast-growing, high bole and
products must be high quality and suitable with market's requirements.
- Species supply leaves and products from leaves: fast-growing, large crown and
branches, good ability of budding.
- Species supply resin/oil and products from resin/oil: Average growing, high
quality and high productivities.
- Species supply fruits/seeds and products from fruits/seeds: high quality, high
productivities, large crown and high ability of budding.
9
2. Lists of priority species for production forests
2.1. List of priority species supply wood
No. Species
Vietnamese name Scientific name
1. B¹ch ®µn lai E’lite clones
2. B¹ch ®µn caman Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
3. B¹ch ®µn tere Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.
4. B¹ch ®µn uro Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake
5. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don
6. §−íc ®«i Rhizophora apiculata Blume
7. Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy
8. Huûnh Tarrietia javanica Blume
9. Keo l¸ liÒm Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth.
10 Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth
11 Keo lai A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth x A. mangium Wild.
12 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild.
13 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.
14 Phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f
15 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb.
16 TÕch Tectona grandis L.
17 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
18 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea Morelet
19 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana Lamb.
20 Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi Powell
21 Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L.
22 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss.
23 Xoan ta Melia azedarach L.
2.2. List of priority species supply non-timber products
No. Species
1. Bêi lêi ®á Machilus odoratissima Nees
2. §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L.
3. Håi Illicium verum Hook f.
4. QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl.
5. Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries
6. Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.
7. TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte
2.3. Bamboos
- Luång: Dendrocalanus membranceus Munro
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PART II
SELECTION CRITERIA AND LISTS OF PRIORITY SPECIES
FOR PROTECTION FORESTS
1. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests
Protection forests in Vietnam have 3 major categories: Watershed, sea-shores

(wind-break, sand dune fixing in sea shores and wave prevention) and environment,
landscape, urban and industrial areas protection forests.
1.1. Selection criteria of priority species for watershed protection forests
No Criteria
1 Adapt to ecological conditions in water-shed areas and easy to create
protection forests
2 Perennial plant with strong stem and deep root system, dense crown and
evergreen
3 Adapted to planting method of mixing forests with multi-storey stands
4 Tolerate drought, high slope, poor soils, high altitudes or complex
geographical situations and rock mountainous areas.
5 Multipurpose trees, secondary products may have economic value but still
pertain to strong protective ability.
6 No environment pollution
1.2. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests in sea-shores
1.2.1. Selection criteria of priority species for wind-break, sand dune fixing in
sea shores
No Criteria
1 Adapted to poor sand soils in sea shores
2 Strong deep root system, limited evaporative water leaves, dense crown,
evergreen.
3 Tolerate wind, sand movement, drought
4 Perennial hard plant, suitable height.
5 Multipurpose trees, secondary products may have economic value but still
pertain to strong protective ability.
6 No environment pollution, can be used as seaside resorts.
1.2.2. Selection criteria of priority species for wave prevention in sea shores
No Criteria
1 Tolerate flooded conditions.
2 Strong deep root system, dense crown, evergreen.
3 Perennial hard stem, tolerate strong wind, storms.
4 Multipurpose trees, provide timber, fire-wood or non-timber products.
11
1.3. Selection criteria of priority species for environment, landscape, urban
and industrial areas protection forests.
No Criteria
1 Adapted to local site conditions and environment, landscape, urban and
industrial areas
2 Perennial plant, tolerate dust, smoke and waste materials from urban areas or
industrial zones.
3 Strong deep root system, beautiful flowers, stem and crown, evergreen.
4 No environment pollution and attraction of harmful insects
5 Ability to prevent, filter dust, smoke and sounds
2. Lists of priority species for protection forests
2.1. List of priority species for water-shed protection forests
No. Species
Vietnamese Scientific name
name
1. Bêi lêi nhít Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. (Litsea sebifera Willd.)
2. Çng lß Betula alnoides Buch. Ham.ex D.Don
3. Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang
4. Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus
6. DÎ bép Lithocarpus fissus (Champ.ex Benth.) A. Camus;
Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd & Wils
7. DÎ ®á Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel et A. Camus) A. Camus
9. Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy
10 Håi Illicium verum Hook f.
11 Huûnh Tarrietia javanica Blume
12 Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth
13 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild.
14 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.
15 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv.
16 Lim xÑt Pelthophorum dasyrrachis (Miq.) Kurz. var. tonkinensis
(Pierre) K. & S.Larsen
17 Luång Dendrocalanus membranceus Munro
18 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam.
19 QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl.
20 Rµng rµng mÝt Ormosia balansae Drake
21 Sa méc Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.
23 Së Camellia oleifera C. Abel.
12
25 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries
27 T«ng dï Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem
28 Tèng qu¸n sñ Alnus nepalensis D. Don
29 Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.
30 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte
31 Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes
32 Vªn vªn Anisoptera costata Korth. (Anisoptera cochinchinensis
Pierre)
33 Vèi thuèc Schima wallichii var. noronhae (Blume ) Bloemb.
34 Xoµi Mangifera indica L.
2.2. Lists of priority species for sea shores protection forests

2.2.1. List of priority species for wind-break, sand dune fixing in sea shores
No. Species
1. Dõa Cocos nucifera L.
3. Keo d©y Acacia dificilis Maiden
4. Keo l¸ liÒm Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth.
5. Keo l¸ trµm Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth
6. Keo Tumi®ª Acacia tumidae S. Muell
7. Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam.
8. Phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f
9. Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes
10 Xoµi Mangifera indica L.
11 Xoan chÞu h¹n Azedirachta indica Juss.
2.2.2. List of priority species for wave prevention forests
No. Species
1. BÇn chua Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.
2. Dõa n−íc Nypa fruticans Wurmb.
3. §−íc ®«i Rhizophora apiculata Blume
4. MÊm tr¾ng Avicennia alba Blume
5. Só Aegiceras corniculatum
6. Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi Powell
7. Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L.
8. Trang Kandelia candel (L.) Druce
9. VÑt dï Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny
13
2.3. List of priority species for protection of environment, landscape, urban
and industrial areas
No. Species
1. Bµng Terminalia catappa L.
2. B»ng l¨ng Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz
3. D¸i ngùa Swietenia macrophylla King
5. Hoµng lan Michelia champaca
6. Keo l¸ trµm Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth
7. Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild.
8. Long n·o Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl
9. Me Tamarindus indica L.
10 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam.
11 Muång hoa vµng Cassia fistula L.
12 Nhéi Bischofia javanica Blume (Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.)
Hook.f.)
13 Ph−îngvÜ Denolix regia (Bojer ex Hook,) Raf.
15 SÊu Dracontomelon dupperreanum Pierre
16 S−a Dalbergia tonkinensis
17 S÷a Alstonia scholaris (L.) B. Br.
19 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea Morelet
20 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries
22 Trøng ç Calophyllium sp.
23 ViÕt Manilkara kauki
24 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss.
14
PART III
SELECTION CRITERIA AND LIST OF PRIORITY SPECIES
FOR SPECIAL-USED FORESTS
1. Selection criteria of priority species for special-used forests
1.1. Method:
Based on given points: The higher the point, the higher the priority level.
1.2. General criteria of priority level:

1.2.1. Endangered or extinct species.
1.2.2. Rare, valuable species for science, economics, environments, lanscape, etc.
1.2.3. Species can be planted in mix with other species and do not show negative
impact to development of ecosystem.
1.2.4. Difficult in natural regeneration and in cultivation.
1.2.5. Endemic species for each eco-region.
1.3. Detailed criteria
Criteria Point
1.3.1. Threatened level:
- CR (Critically Endangered) 5
- EN (Endangered) 4
- VU (Vulnerable) 3
- NT (Nearly Threatened) 2
- LC (Low connected) 1
1.3.2. Endemicity:
- Ecological zone 1
- Country 2
1.3.3. Representative level for ecological system:
- Country 1
- Ecological zone 2
1.3.4. Scientific value:
- High 3
- Average 2
- Low 1
1.3.5. Economic value:
- High 3
- Average 2
- Low 1
1.3.6. Regenerative ability:
- Low 3
- Average 2
- High 1
1.3.7. Planting ability:
- High 3
- Average 2
- Low 1
15
2. List of priority species for special-used forests
No. Species
1. B¸ch vµng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & Hiep
2. B¸ch xanh Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz
3. B¹ch tïng Podocarpus imbricatus Blume
4. CÈm lai Bµ RÞa Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain
(Dalbergia bariaensis Pierre, Dalbergia mammosa
Pierre)
5. C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Theob.
(Xylia dolabriformis Benth.)
6. Chai l¸ cong Shorea falcata Vidal
7. Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang
8. Chß ®·i Annamocarya sinensis J. Leroy
9. Chß ®en Parashorea stellata Kurz
10 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus
11 DÇu bao Dipterocarpus baudii Korth
12 DÇu çt Dipterocarpus chartaceus Sym
13 DÇu ®ät tÝm Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco
14 DÇu song nµng Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre ex Laness.
15 DÎ tïng säc n©u Amentotaxus hatuyenensis Hiep et Vidal
16 Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Mast
17 Du sam ®¸ v«i Keteleeria fortunei (Murray) Carriere
18 §inh Markhamia stipulata (Wall) Schum
19 §Ønh tïng Cephalotaxus hainanensis H.L.Li
20 Gi¸ng h−¬ng Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz
21 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy
22 Gâ ®á (Cµ te) Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib
23 Gâ mËt (Gô mËt) Sindora siamensis Teysm.
24 Gô biÓn Sindora siamensis var maritima
25 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus torulosa D.Don
26 Hoµng ®µn rñ Cupressus funebris Endle
27 Hång quang Rhodoleia championii Hook
28 Hång tïng Dacrydium elatum Wall.ex Hook
29 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea pierrei Hance
30 Kim giao Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel
31 Kim giao nam Podocarpus wallichianus Presl
32 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss
33 Lim xanh Erythrophleum fordii Oliv
34 M¹y chÊu Carya tonkinensis Lecomte
35 Mì Ba V× Manglietia hainanensis Dandy
36 Mun Diospyros mun A.Chev.
37 Mun säc Diospyros sp.
16
38 NghiÕn Excentrodendron tonkinense (Gagnep) Chang & Miau
39 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii Henry&Thomas
40 Rµng rµng mÝt Ormosia balansae Drake
41 Re h−¬ng Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meisn
42 Sa méc dÇu Cunninghamia konishii Hayata
43 Sao l¸ h×nh tim Hopea cordata Vidal
44 Sao m¹ng Hopea reticulata Tardieu
45 S¨ng ®µo Hopea ferrea Pierre
46 SÕn çt (SÕn mñ) Shorea roxburghii G.Don
47 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri H.J.Lam
48 S¬n ®µo Melanorrhoea usitata Wall
49 S¬n huyÕt Melanorrhoea laccifera Pierre
50 Th«ng ®á L©m §ång Taxus wallichiana Zucc
51 Th«ng ®á Pµ Cß Taxus chinensis (Pilg) Rehd
52 Th«ng hai l¸ dÑt Pinus krempfii Lecomte
53 Th«ng n¨m l¸ Pinus dalatensis de Ferre’
54 Th«ng Pµ Cß Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang
55 Th«ng tre Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don
56 Th«ng tre l¸ ng¾n Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw
57 Thñy tïng Glyptostrobus pensilis K. Koch
58 Trai Nam Bé Fagraea fragrans Roxb.
59 Trai lý Garcinia fragraeoides A.Chev.
60 Tr¾c d©y Dalbergia annamensis A. Chev.
61 Tr¾c nghÖ Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre
62 TrÇm h−¬ng Aquilaria crassna Pierre
63 ¦¬i Scaphium macropodum (Miq) Beumee ex K.Heyne
64 Vµng t©m Manglietia fordiana Oliv.
65 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte
66 X¸ xÞ (Re lôc phÊn) Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz.
67 Xoay Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre
17
Part IV. Annexes
Table 1. List of forest tree species used in tree planting

programmes in Vietnam
Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for

production forests
Table 3. Site conditions for planting priority species for

protection forests
Table 4a+4b. Site conditions for planting priority species

for special-used forests
18
Table 1. List of forest tree species
used in tree planting programmes in Vietnam
No. Species Family Natural
Distribution
Vietnamese name Scientific name N C S
WOODY TREE SPECIES
1. B¹ch ®µn chanh * Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. f. Myrtaceae
2. B¹ch ®µn ®á * Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Myrtaceae
3. B¹ch ®µn liÔu (B.®µn Eucalyptus exserta F. Muell. Myrtaceae
long duyªn) *
4. B¹ch ®µn mò nhá * Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell Myrtaceae
5. B¹ch ®µn salinha * Eucalyptus saligna Smith Myrtaceae
6. B¹ch ®µn th©n lín (B¹ch Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden Myrtaceae
®µn grandis) *
7. B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng caman Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Myrtaceae
(B¹ch ®µn caman) *
8. B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng terª (B.® Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Myrtaceae
l¸ nhá, B.®. terª) *
9. B¹ch ®µn ur« * Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Myrtaceae
10 Bµng * Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae
11 B»ng l¨ng (S¨ng lÎ) Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz Lythraceae + + +
12 B»ng l¨ng c−êm Lagerstroemia angustifolia Pierre Lythraceae +
ex Gagnep.
13 B»ng l¨ng n−íc Lagerstroemia flos-reginae Retz. Lythraceae + + +
14 BÇn chua Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. Sonneratiaceae + + +
15 BÇn æi Sonneratia ovata Back. Sonneratiaceae + + +
16 BÇn tr¾ng Sonneratia alba Smith Sonneratiaceae +
17 Bå ®Ò Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib Styracaceae + +
ex Hardw.
18 Bå kÕt Gleditsia australis Hemsl. Leguminosae + +
19 Bå kÕt t©y * Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae
20 B«ng gßn * Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae
21 Bêi lêi ®á (Kh¸o vµng) Machilus odoratissima Nees Lauraceae + + +
22 Bêi lêi nhít Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. Lauraceae + + +
(Litsea sebifera Willd.)
23 Bøa Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Clusiaceae + + +
Benth.
24 Cµ na Canarium subulatum Guillaume Burseraceae + +
25 C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Theob. Leguminosae + +
(Xylia dolabriformis Benth.)
26 CÈm lai (CÈm lai bµ rÞa, Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain Leguminosae + +
CÈm lai vó) (Dalbergia bariaensis Pierre,
Dalbergia mammosa Pierre)
27 Çng lß Betula alnoides Buch. Ham.ex Betulaceae + +
D.Don
28 Cao su * Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Euphorbiaceae
Juss.) Muell - Arg.
29 ChÌ ®¾ng (ChÌ kh«m, Ilex kaushue S.Y.Hu (Ilex Aquifoliaceae +
Khæ ®inh trµ, Trµ ®¾ng) kudincha C.J.Tseng)
19
30 ChÌ Shan (chÌ tuyÕt) Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae +
(Thea sinensis L.)
31 ChÑo tÝa Engeldhartia roxburghiana Wall. Juglandaceae + + +
(Engeldhartia chrysolepis Hance)
32 Chiªu liªu Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae + +
33 Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang Dipterocarpaceae + +
34 Chß ®en (Chß chai) Parashorea stellata Kurz Dipterocarpaceae + +
35 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus Dipterocarpaceae + +
36 Cä khiÕt l¸ nhá (Cä khÑt Dalbergia assamica var. laccifera Leguminosae + +
l¸ nhá) (Eberh & Dubard.) Niysmdham
(Dalbergi balansae Prain)
37 Cä khiÕt l¸ to (Cä khÑt l¸ Dalbergia assamica Benth. Leguminosae + +
to) (Dalbergi hupeana var. laccifera
Eberh. & Dubard)
38 Cä phÌn Protium serratum (Wall. ex Burseraceae + + +
colebr.) Engl.
39 Cãc (Qu¶ cãc) Spondias cytherea Sonn. Annacardiaceae + +
40 D¸i ngùa (Nh¹c ngùa)* Swietenia macrophylla King Meliaceae
41 DÇu con r¸i (DÇu r¸i, DÇu Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex Dipterocarpaceae + +
n−íc) G.Don
42 DÇu mÝt (DÇu çt) D. costatus Gaert.f. Dipterocarpaceae + +
(D.artocarpifolius)
43 DÇu song nµng Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre ex Dipterocarpaceae +
Laness.
44 DÇu trµ beng Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teym. Dipterocarpaceae + +
ex Miq.
45 DÎ b¾c giang Castanopsis bacgiangensis Fagaceae +
46 DÎ bép (Såi ph¶ng) Lithocarpus fissus (Champ.ex Fagaceae + +
Benth.) A. Camus; Castanopsis
fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd &
Wils
47 DÎ ®á Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel et A. Fagaceae + +
Camus) A. Camus
48 DÎ gai (Cµ æi) Castanopsis indica (Roxb.) A. Fagaceae + +
DC.
49 DÎ trïng kh¸nh * Castanea mollissima Blume Fagaceae
50 DÎ yªn thÕ Castanopsis boisii Hickel et A. Fagaceae +
Camus
51 Dã (Dã lµm giÊy) Rhamnoneuron balansae (Drake) Thymeleaceae + +
Gilg
52 Däc Garcinia multiflora (Champ. ex Clusiaceae + + +
Benth.), Garcinia tonkinensis
Vesque
53 Du sam (M¹y hinh) Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. Pinaceae + +
(Keteleeria roullettii (A.Chev.)
Flous
54 Du sam ®¸ v«i Keteleeria davidiana var daviana Pinaceae +
(Bertrand) Beissn
(K. calcarea W.C. Cheng &
L.K.Fu )
55 §iÒu (§µo lén hét) * Anacardium occidentale L. Annacardiaceae
20
56 §inh (ThiÕt ®inh) Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Bignoniaceae + +
Schum.
57 §inh h−¬ng Dysoxylum cauliflorum Hiern Meliaceae + +
58 §inh thèi Fernandoa brilletii (Dop) Steen. Bignoniaceae +
(Hexaneurocarpon brilletii Dop)
59 §−ng ( §−íc bép) Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Rhizophoraceae +
60 §−íc (§−íc ®«i) Rhizophora apiculata Blume Rhizophoraceae +
61 §−íc vßi (§©ng) Rhizophora stylosa Griff. Rhizophoraceae +
62 G¹o Bombax ceiba L. (Bombax Bombacaceae + + +
malabaricum DC.)
63 Gi¸ng h−¬ng l¸ to Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz Leguminosae + +
(Pterocarpus cambodianus
Pierre)
64 Giæi ¨n h¹t Michelia tonkinensis Dandy Magnoliaceae + +
65 Giæi nhung Michelia braiaensis Gagnep Magnoliaceae + +
66 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy Magnoliaceae + +
67 Gâ ®á (Gâ cµ te) Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. Leguminosae + +
(Pahudia cochinchinensis Pierre;
Pahudia xylocarpa Kurz)
68 Gâ n−íc Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O.Ktze Leguminosae +
(Afzelia bjuga (Colebr.) A. Gray)
69 Géi (Géi nÕp) Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain.& Meliaceae + +
Bennet. (A. gigantea (Pierre)
Pell.)
70 Gô lau Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Leguminosae + +
Larsen
71 Gô mËt Sindora siamensis Teijm ex Miq. Leguminosae + +
(Sindora cochinchinensis Baill.)
72 HoÌ (Hoa hoÌ) * Styphnolobium japonica (L.) Leguminosae
Schott (Sophora japonica L.)
73 Håi (§¹i håi, Håi t¸m Illicium verum Hook f. Illiciaceae +
çnh)
74 H«ng Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Scrophulariaceae +
Hemsl.
75 Huûnh (HuyÖng, HuyÖnh) Tarrietia javanica Blume Sterculiaceae + +
76 Keo d©y * Acacia dificilis Maiden Leguminosae
77 Keo ®en * Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Leguminosae
78 Keo lai * A. mangium Wild. x A. Leguminosae
auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.
79 Keo l¸ b¹c * A. aulacocarpa A. Cunn. ex Leguminosae
Benth.
80 Keo l¸ liÒm * A. crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. Leguminosae
81 Keo l¸ trµm * A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Leguminosae
Benth
82 Keo l«ng * Acacia torulosa Benth. Leguminosae
83 Keo tai t−îng * Acacia mangium Wild. Leguminosae
84 Keo tumi®ª * Acacia tumidae S. Muell Leguminosae
85 Kh¸o Phoebe cuneate Blume Lauraceae + +
86 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea siamensis Heim Dipterocarpaceae + +
87 KiÒn kiÒn phó quèc Hopea pierrei Hance Dipterocarpaceae +
88 Kim giao Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) De Laub. Podocarpaceae + + +
(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel)
21
89 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Meliaceae + + +
90 L¸t mªhic« * Cedrela odorata Meliaceae
91 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. Leguminosae + +
92 Lim xÑt Pelthophorum dasyrrachis (Miq.) Leguminosae + + +
Kurz. var. tonkinensis (Pierre) K.
& S. Larsen
93 Lâi thä Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae + +
94 Long n·o (D· h−¬ng)* Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Lauraceae
Presl
95 Lßng mang l¸ côt Pterospermum truncatolobatum Sterculiaceae + +
Gagnep.
96 Lßng mang l¸ m¸c Pterospermum lancaefolium Sterculiaceae + + +
Roxb.
97 Lßng møc (Thõng møc) Wrightia annamensis Eberh. & Apocynaceae + + +
Dub.
98 Léc võng Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Lecythidaceae + + +
Gaertn.
99 M¹y ch©u (M¹y chÊu) Carya tonkinensis Lecomte Juglandaceae +
100 M¾c mËt (Hång b× rõng) Clausena indica (Dalz.) Oliv. Rutaceae +
101 M¾c r¹c (DÇu choßng) Delavaya toxocarpa Franch. Sapindaceae +
(Delavaya yunnanensis Franch.)
102 M¾c trai Mangifera sp. Annacardiaceae +
103 MÆc n−a Diospyros mollis Griff. Ebenaceae +
104 MÊm biÓn Avicennia marina (Fork.) Vierh. Verbenaceae + +
(M¾m biÓn)
105 MÊm l−ìi ®ßng (M¾m Avicennia officinalis L. Verbenaceae +
®en)
106 MÊm qu¨n (M¾m qu¨n) Avicennia lanata Ridl. Verbenaceae +
107 MÊm tr¾ng Avicennia alba Blume Verbenaceae +
(M¾m tr¾ng)
108 Me * Tamarindus indica L. Euphorbiaceae
109 MÝt Artocarpus intergrifolius L. f. Moraceae + + +
110 Mß l¸ b¹c Cryptocarya maclurei Merr. Lauraceae + +
111 Mì Manglietia conifera Dandy Magnoliaceae + +
(Manglietia glauca Blume)
112 Mï u Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae +
113 Mun Diospyros mun A. Chev. ex Le Ebenaceae + +
comte
114 Mun säc Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae +
115 Muçm Mangifera foetida Lour. Annacardiaceae + + +
116 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. Leguminosae + + +
117 Muång hoa ®µo Cassia javanica L. Leguminosae + +
(Bß c¹p n−íc)
118 Muång hoµng yÕn Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae +
119 Muång ngñ (Cßng) * Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Leguminosae
120 Muång rµng rµng (C−êm Adenanthera pavonina L. Leguminosae + + +
r¾n) (A.microsperma Teysm)
121 NghiÕn Burretiodendron tonkinensis Tiliaceae + +
(Gagnep.) Kosterm.
122 Ng« ®ång Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight. Sterculiaceae + +
22
123 Nhéi Bischofia javanica Blume Euphorbiaceae + + +
(Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.)
Hook.f.)
124 Phi lao * Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Casuarinaceae
Forst f
125 Ph−îng vÜ * Denolix regia (Bojer ex Hook,) Leguminosae
Raf.
126 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry Cupressaceae + +
& Thomas
127 QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. Lauraceae + +
128 Rµng rµng mÝt Ormosia balansae Drake Leguminosae + +
129 Re hoa tr¾ng Cinnamomum curvifolium (Lour.) Lauraceae + +
Nees (Cinnamomum albiflorum
Nees)
130 Re h−¬ng Cinnamomum partheroxylum Lauraceae + +
(Jack.) Nees
131 Sa mu (Sa méc) * Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Taxodiaceae
Hook.
132 Sa mu dÇu Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Taxodiaceae + +
(Ngäc am) konishii (Hayata)
133 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae + +
134 Sao mÆt quØ Hopea mollissima C.Y.Wu Dipterocarpaceae +
(T¸u mÆt quØ)
135 Sao xanh Hopea sp. Dipterocarpaceae +
136 Sau sau Liquidambar formosana Hance Hammamelidaceae + +
137 SÊu Dracontomelon dupperreanum Annacardiaceae + + +
Pierre
138 SÕn bo bo Shorea hypochra Hance Dipterocarpaceae +
(Vªn vªn nghÖ)
139 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri (Dunbard.) H. Dipterocarpaceae + + +
J. Lam.
140 SÕn mñ (SÕn çt) Shorea roxburghii G. Don Dipterocarpaceae + +
(Shorea cochinchinensis Pierre)
141 SÕn trung (SÕn h¶i nam, Homalium ceylanicum Benth Flacourtiaceae +
Chµ ran sÕn) (Homalium hainanensis Gagnep)
142 SÕn xanh Mimusop elengi L. Sapotaceae + +
143 SÕu (C¬m nguéi) Celtis sinensis Pers. Ulmaceae + + +
144 So ®òa * Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers Leguminosae
145 Së * Camellia oleifera C. Abel. Theaceae
146 Së th−êng * Camellia sasanqua Thunb. Theaceae
(Thea sasanqua (Thunb.) Pierre)
147 Sung (Cä ®−a) Ficus racemosa L. (Ficus Moraceae + + +
glomerata Roxb.)
148 Só Aegiceras corniculatum Myrsinaceae + + +
149 S÷a (Mß cua) Alstonia scholaris (L.) B. Br. Apocynaceae + + +
150 Tai chua Garcinia cowa Roxb. Clusiaceae + + +
(Guttife-rae)
151 T¸o mÌo Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne Rosaceae +
152 T¸u mËt Vatica odorata ssp. Dipterocarpaceae +
brevipetiolatum (Vatica
tonkinensis A. Chev.)
23
153 T¸u muèi Vatica diospyroides Dipterocarpaceae + +
(Vatica fleuryana Tard.)
154 TÕch (GÝa tþ) * Tectona grandis L. Verbenaceae
155 Thanh thÊt Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Simaroubaceae + + +
Alston
156 Thanh trµ (S¬n trµ) * Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Apocynaveae
Meisn.
157 Thµn m¸t Millettia ichthyochtona Drake Leguminosae + + +
158 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon Pinaceae + +
159 Th«ng Ca ri bª * Pinus caribaea Morelet Pinaceae
160 Th«ng ®á nam Taxus wallichianus Zucc. Taxaxeae + +
161 Th«ng ®á trung quèc Taxu chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. Taxaxeae +
162 Th«ng hai l¸ (Th«ng Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries Pinaceae + +
nhùa)
163 Th«ng hai l¸ dÑt Pinus krempfii Lecomte Pinaceae +
164 Th«ng m· vÜ (Th«ng tµu, Pinus massoniana Lamb. Pinaceae
Th ®u«i ngùa) *
165 Th«ng n¨m l¸ Pinus dalatensis D. Ferre Pinaceae +
166 T« h¹p h−¬ng Altingia siamensis Craib. Altingiaceae + +
167 T« méc (Vang) Caesalpinia sappan L. Leguminosae + + +
168 T«ng dï (M¹y sao) Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Meliaceae +
Roem
169 Tèng qu¸n sñ (Tèng qu¸ Alnus nepalensis D. Don Betulaceae +
sñ)
170 Tra (Tra lµm chiÕu) Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Malvaceae + + +
171 Trai Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blume Dipterocarpaceae + +
var. kochangensis Heim.
(Shorea vulgaris Pierre)
172 Trµm (Trµm cõ) Melaleuca cajuputi Powell Myrtaceae + + +
173 Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L. Myrtaceae + + +
174 Trµm l¸ b¹c * Melaleuca argentea W. Fitzg. Myrtaceae
175 Trµm l¸ dµi * Melaleuca leucadendra L. Myrtaceae
176 Trµm l¸ 5 g©n * Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Myrtaceae
177 Trµm l¸ réng * Melaleuca viridiflora Myrtaceae
178 Trµm salina * Melaleuca saligna Myrtaceae
179 Tr¸m ®en Canarium pimela Leench. Burseraceae + +
(Canarium nigrum, Canarium
tramdenum)
180 Tr¸m hång Canarium bengalense Roxb. Burseraceae + +
(Tr¸m 3 c¹nh)
181 Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. Burseraceae + +
182 Trang Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Rhizophoraceae + + +
183 Tr¾c Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Leguminosae + +
184 Tr¾c vµng (S−a, Tr¾c Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Leguminosae + +
thèi, Huª méc gç vµng)
185 Tr©m bÇu Combretum quadrangulare Kurz Combretaceae + +
186 Tr©m vèi Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeel Myrtaceae + +
187 TrÇm dã (TrÇm h−¬ng) Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Thymeleaceae + + +
Lecomte
24
188 TrÈu Vernicia montana Lour. Euphorbiaceae + +
(Aleurites montana (Lour.)
Wilson)
189 TrÈu cao b»ng * Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw Euphorbiaceae
(Aleurites fordii Hemsl.)
190 Vµng t©m Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Magnoliaceae + +
Dandy (Magnolia dandyi
Gagnep.)
191 V¹ng trøng Endospermum chinense Benth. Euphorbiaceae + + +
192 VÑt dï Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Rhizophoraceae +
Savigny
193 VÑt ®en (VÑt khµng) Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Rhizophoraceae +
194 VÑt t¸ch Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight Rhizophoraceae +
et Arn, ex Griff.
195 VÑt th¨ng (VÑt trô ) Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume Rhizophoraceae +
196 Vªn vªn Anisoptera costata Korth. Dipterocarpaceae + +
(Anisoptera cochinchinensis
Pierre)
197 ViÕt Manilkara kauki Sapotaceae + +
198 Vèi thuèc Schima wallichii var. noronhae Theaceae + +
(Kh¸o dÆm) (Blume ) Bloemb.
199 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte Lauraceae +
200 Xµ cõ (Sä khØ) * Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Meliaceae
Juss.
201 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. Annacardiaceae + +
202 Xoan (Xoan ta, Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae + + +
SÇu ®©u)
203 Xoan chÞu h¹n Azedirachta indica Juss. Meliaceae
(Xoan Ên ®é, Nim) *
204 Xoan ®µo Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkm Rosaceae + +
(Pygeum arboreum Engl.)
205 Xoan méc Toona surenii (Blume) Merr. Meliaceae + +
(Tr−¬ng v©n) (Toona febrifuga M. Roem.)
206 Xoan nhõ (L¸t xoan) Choerespondias axillaris (Roxb.) Annacardiaceae + +
Burtt. & Hill
207 Xoan qu¶ to Melia toosendan Sieb. & Zucc. Meliaceae +
208 Xoay Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre Leguminosae + +
209 Xu Xylocarpus moluccensis ( Lamk.) Meliaceae +
M. Roem.
210 Xu æi Xylocarpus granatum Koenig Meliaceae +
BAMBOOS (BAMBUSOIDEAE)
1. B¸t ®é * Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro Poaceae
(Sinocalamus latiflorus MacClure)
2. B−¬ng Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Poaceae + + +
(Tre m¹nh t«ng) Back. (Dendrocalamus flagellifer
Munro)
3. DiÔn ®¸ Dendrocalamus sp. Poaceae +
4. DiÔn trøng Dendrocalamus sp. Poaceae +
5. Dïng * Bambusa chungii McClure Poaceae
(Lingnania chungii)
25
6. GÇy (M¹y hèc ®á) Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Poaceae +
Kurz.
7. Hãp ®¸ Bambusa tultoides Munro Poaceae + +
8. Hãp cÇn c©u Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Poaceae + + +
Raeusch
9. Hãp sµo Bambusa nutans Wall. ex Munro Poaceae +
10 Le (Le ®en) Gigantochloa nigro-ciliata (Buse) Poaceae + +
Kurz
11 Lå « Bambusa procera A. Chev. ex Poaceae + +
Camus
12 Lå « trung bé Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Poaceae +
13 Lôc tróc * Dendrocalamus sp. Poaceae
14 Lïng Bambusa sp. Poaceae + +
15 Luång (MÐt) Dendrocalanus membranceus Poaceae + +
Munro
16 Mai Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro Poaceae + + +
(Sinocalamus gigangeus)
17 MËy b«ng Bambusa tulda Roxb. Poaceae +
18 MËy hèc Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees Poaceae +
et Arn. ex Munro
19 MËy sang Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro Poaceae +
20 Nøa l¸ to Schizostachyum pseudolima Poaceae + + +
MacClure
21 Nøa ngé Schizostachyum funghomii Poaceae + +
MacClure
22 TÇm v«ng * Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble Poaceae
23 Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes Poaceae + + +
24 Tre lµ ngµ Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss. Poaceae + +
(Bambusa arundinacea (Ret z.)
Willd.
25 Tre léc ngéc Bambusa sp. Poaceae + +
(Tre nghÖ)
26 Tre mì Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. in Poaceae + + +
Wendl.
27 Tre mì L¹ng s¬n Dendrocalamus farinosus L.C. Poaceae +
(M¹y p×, M¹y t×) Chia &H.L. Fung
28 Tre vµng säc Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex Poaceae
(Tre træ) * Wendiand cv. Vitata (McClure)
29 Tróc cÇn c©u vµng (Tróc Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) Poaceae +
cÇn c©u xanh) A. et C. Rw
30 Tróc ®en * P. nigra (Lodd. ex Loud.) Munro Poaceae
31 Tróc ho¸ long P. aurea Carr. ex A. & C. Riv. Poaceae +
32 Tróc sµo * P. heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford (P. Poaceae
edulis (Carr.) H. de Leh.,
P. pubescens Mazel ex H. de
Lehaie)
33 Tróc vu«ng Chimonobambusa quadrangularis Poaceae +
(Fenzi) Makino
34 VÇu ®¾ng Indoasa amabilis McClure Poaceae + +
35 VÇu ngät l¸ nhá Arundinaria sp. +
Poaceae
26
RATTANS AND PALMS (PALMAE)
1. Bóng b¸ng Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. Palmae + +
(B¸ng, §o¸c) (Arenga saccharifera Labill.)
2. Cä (Cä bÇu) Livistona cochinchinensis (Lour.) Palmae + +
Mart. (Livistona saribus (Lour.)
Merr. ex A. Chev.)
3. Cä b¾c s¬n Livistona bacsonensis Magalon Palmae +
(§ïng ®×nh b¾c s¬n)
4. Cä xÎ Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. Palmae + +
5. Dõa n−íc Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Palmae + +
6. L¸ bu«ng Caryota lecomtei Becc. Palmae + +
(Corypha lecomtei)
7. M¸i (M©y tr¾ng, M©y Calamus tonkinensis Becc. Palmae + +
n−íc)
8. M¸i n−íc Calamus amarus Lour. (Calamus Palmae +
tenuis Ro xb.)
9. M©y çt Calamus viminalis Willd. Palmae + +
10 M©y t¾t (M©y ruét gµ) Calamus tetradactylus Hance Palmae + + +
11 Mãc Caryota urens L. Palmae + +
12 Mãc ®ïng ®×nh Caryota mitis Lour. Palmae + +
13 Song bét Calamus poilanei Conrard Palmae +
14 Song ®en Calamus rudentum Lour. Palmae + + +
15 Song mËt C. platyacanthus Warb. ex Becc. Palmae + +
16 Thèt nèt Borassus flabellifer L. Palmae +
PLANTS USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT
1. Chµm çnh Indigofera zollingeriana Miq. Leguminosae + + +
2. Chµm phông (§Ëu chµm) Indigofera galegoides D.C. Leguminosae + + +
3. Cèt khÝ * Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC. Leguminosae
4. §µi loan t−¬ng t− * Acacia confusa Merr. Leguminosae
5. §Ëu thiÒu (§Ëu triÒu, §Ëu Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills Leguminosae
s¨ng)*
6. §iªn ®iÓn Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Leguminosae +
7. §iªn ®iÓn tr¸i to Sesbania macrocarpa Muhl. ex Leguminosae +
Rafin.
8. §iÒn thanh hoa vµng Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. Leguminosae + + +
(var. floribunda Gagnep.)
9. Hång mai (Anh ®µo gi¶)* Gliricida sepium (Jacq.) Steud. Leguminosae
10 Keo giËu * Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) Leguminosae
De Wit (Leucaena glauca (Willd.)
Benth.
11 Muång ph¸o * Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner Leguminosae
12 Tãp mì l¸ to (Thãc lÐp, Flemingia sootepensis Craib. Leguminosae + + +
Hµm s×) (Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.)
Prain)
13 Trøng ç Calophyllum sp. Clusiaceae + +
Remarks : * Exotics
+ Distributed
- N: North
- C: Centre
- S: South
27
Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for production forests
No Species Latitude Altitu- Climatic conditions Soil conditions

Vietnamese Scientific name de Rain fall Length Annual temperature (0C) Type of soil pH
name (m) (mm/yr) of dry Mean Mean Mean
a.s.l. season temp. temp.
of the of the
(month) hostted coldesd
months months
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
I SPECIES FOR TIMBER
1. B¹ch ®µn lai E’lite clones of
hybrids of
Eucalypts
2. B¹ch ®µn Eucalyptus 08 - 20°N < 500 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 32 - 34 14 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7
caman camaldulensis 2.500 schists, shale. Optimum:
Dehnh. Sandy-loamy mixed soil, well
drainage.
+ Soil layer depth: > 40 cm,
optimum: > 60 cm
3. B¹ch ®µn Eucalyptus 08 - 20°N < 500 1.500 - 0-6 23 - 28 32 - 35 14 - 22 + Sandy-loamy mixed, loamy 4-6
tere tereticornis Sm. 2.500 soils, well drainage.
optimum: > 60 cm
4. B¹ch ®µn uro Eucalyptus 13 - 22°N 100 - 1.500 - 0-6 20 - 25 30 - 32 10 -14 + Feralite soils developed on 4-6
urophylla S.T. 1.500 2.500 schists, shale. Optimum:
Blake Sandy-loamy mixed soil,
deep, high moisture, but well
drainage.
optimum: > 100 cm
5. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus 08 - 19°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
alatus Roxb. ex 600 2.500 alluvial and ancient alluvial
G.Don + Soil layer depth: > 100 cm,
optimum: > 150 cm
6. §−íc ®«i Rhizophora 08 - 11°N 0-5 1.800 - 0-6 24 - 28 30 - 33 20 - 23 + Sandy mudflats soils, fertile 3-5
apiculata Blume 2.400 and frequently affected by
tide
optimum: > 60 cm
7. Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris 11 - 22 < 400 1.500 - 0-5 21 - 24 32 - 34 06 - 16 Grows on brown yellow soils 4-7
Dandy 3.000 developed on old alluvium;
red soil developed on neutral
and basic magma; red yellow
soil developed on
metamorphic rock, shale or
acid magma; yellow soil on
sandstone
8. Huûnh Tarrietia javanica 17 - 19°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-5 23 - 26 30 - 35 15 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-6
Blume < 800 2.500 shale, mica-schist, with deep
and rich in humus.
optimum: > 100 cm
9. Keo l¸ liÒm Acacia crassicarpa 08 - 19°N 3-200 1.500 - 3-6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 23 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 4-7
A. Cunn. ex Benth. 2.300 sandy soil, yeallowish red
basalt, sediment, ancient
alluvium.
optimum: > 70 cm
10 Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. 08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 0-7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 3-9
Cunn. ex Benth 2.500 sandy soil, yeallowish red
alluvium.
optimum: > 50 cm
11 Keo lai A. auriculiformis A. 08 - 22°N 5-500 1.500 - 5-7 23 - 28 31 - 34 13 - 23 + Coastal sandy soil, feralite 4-7
Cunn. ex Benth x A. 2.500 soil developed on schists,
mangium Wild. shale, alluvium and ancient
alluvium.
optimum: > 60 cm
30
12 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium 08 - 22°N < 800 1.800 - 0-6 22 - 28 31 - 34 14 - 22 + Alluvial soil, coastal sandy 4,5
Wild. 2.500 soil, ancient alluvium. -
+ Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, 6,0
optimum: > 50 cm
13 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis 16 - 22°N 50 - 1.600 - 0-4 19 - 23 32 - 33 9 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas, 5-7
A. Juss. 1000 2.300 feralite soil developed on
granite, limestones.
Optimum: Sandy-loamy
mixed soil in delta, forest soil
wihith deep layer and high
moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
14 Phi lao Casuarina 11 - 20°N < 100 1.500 - 0-6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 25 + Alluvial soil, sandy-loamy 4-7
equisetifolia Forst 2.500 mixed soil in deltas, sand
& Forst f dunes in coastal areas. It can
be planted on acid, inundated
soil.
optimum: > 50 cm
15 Sao ®en Hopea odorata 09 - 17°N < 800 1.500 - 4-6 25 - 28 33 - 35 11 - 18 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
Roxb. 2.500 shale, mica-schist, deep
layers and high moisture
optimum: > 100 cm
16 TÕch Tectona grandis L. 09 - 22°N 100 - 1.500 - 4-7 25 - 28 30 - 33 18 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils 5-7
700 2.500 developed on granite, gneiss,
especially well on basalt with
deep soil layer
17 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle 11 - 23°N 700 - 1.400 - 0-6 18 - 23 23 - 29 5 - 18 + Feralite soil, redish-yeallow 4-5
ex Gordon 2.500 2.500 potzolic soil developed on
basalt, granite.
optimum: > 50 cm
18 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea 10 - 22°N 10 - 1.500 - 0-6 23 - 27 30 - 35 14 - 21 + Feralite soils, potzolic soils 4,0
31
Morelet 800 2.500 on hills. -
optimum: > 60 cm
19 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana 20 - 23°N 500 - 1.500 - 1-4 18 - 21 27 - 32 9 - 13 + Feralite soils developed on 4-6
Lamb. 1.100 2.300 rhiolite, granite, shale.
optimum: > 50 cm
20 Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi 08 - 21°N 1- 1.500 - 0-6 23 - 28 31 - 34 18 - 24 + Light and medium acid 3-5
Powell 120 2.500 sulphate soil with heavy clay
texture and peat with 3 month
water logging
optimum: > 100 cm
21 Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca 08 - 21°N 3- 1.600 - 0-6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 24 + Sulphate acid soil in coastal 3-5
leucadendrra (L.) 150 2.300 areas. It can tolerate shallow,
L. hot and arid hilly soil,
strongly eroded, usually
growing in pure or nearly
pure stands
optimum: > 60 cm
22 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis 08 - 22°N 1.500 - 18 - 23 26 - 29 15 - 20 Adapts to many types of 4-6
(Desr.) A. Juss. 2.300 soils. Grows best in alluvial
soil.
23 Xoan ta Melia azedarach L. 15 - 22°N 5- 1.800 - 4-6 18 - 26 30 - 33 10 - 17 + Loamy, sandy-loamy- 4-7
600 3.000 mixed soils, feralite soils
developed on gneiss, rhiolite.
Optimum: alluvial soil in
deltas with deep layer and
high moisture.
optimum: > 50 cm
II SPECIES FOR NON-TIMBER PRODUCTS
1. Bêi lêi ®á Machilus 12 - 22°N 20 - 1.900 - 4-6 22 - 27 32 - 34 10 - 15 + Feralite soils developed on 4-6
(Kh¸o vµng) odoratissima Nees 400 2.500 basalt, schists, rhiolite.
32
Optimum: forest soils
developed on basalt, schist.
optimum: > 80 cm
2. §iÒu Anacardium 08 - 15°N 5- 700 - 0-6 25 - 27 32 - 36 19 - 22 + Feralite soils on the hills, 4-5
occidentale L. 600 3.100 sandy-loamy mixed soils in
sea shore
optimum: > 100 cm
3. Håi Illicium verum 21 - 23°N 50 - 1.500 - 0-4 20 - 23 30 - 31 9 - 11 + Red, brown-red or yeallow 4-5
Hook f. 300 2.400 feralite soils, developed from
schist-sandstone with deep,
fertile and well drained soils.
optimum: > 100 cm
4. QuÕ Cinnamomum 15 - 21°N 100 - 1.500 - 0-4 22 - 27 32 - 33 12 - 18 Grows well on moist clay 4-6
cassia (L.) J.Presl. 400 2.500 soils developed on shale,
mica-schist with deep soil
layer. Soil texture from light
to medium loam, not well on
too soft alluvial soil. Do not
plant on limestone, sandy or
water-logged soils
5. Th«ng nhùa Pinus merkusii 11 - 21°N <150 1.500 - 0-6 22 - 27 32 - 34 14 - 17 + Feralite soil developed on 4-5
Jungh.et de Vries & 2.500 mica-schist, granite, schists,
< 900 basalt.
optimum: > 50 cm
6. Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album 13 - 22°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-5 22 - 25 27 - 32 13 - 15 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7
(Lour.) Raeusch. 700 2.200 mica-schist, shale. Optimum:
forest soil with deep layer and
high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
7. TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna 08 - 22°N 20 - 1.900 - 0-6 24 - 28 29 - 31 11 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7
33
Pierre ex Lecomte 700 2.500 mica-schist, shale. Optimum:
high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
III BAMBOOS
1. Luång Dendrocalanus 16 - 22°N 50 - 1.600 - 22 - 28 30 - 35 10 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas to 4-7
membranceus 800 2.300 hilly feralite soil with deep
Munro layer and high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
34
Table 3. Site conditions for planting priority species for protection forests

of the of the
months months
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
I SPECIES FOR WATERSHED PROTECTION
1 Bêi lêi nhít Litsea glutinosa 09 - 17°N <1.00 1.500 - 0-6 19 - 25 26 - 34 16 - 18 Can be planted on red brown 4,5
(Lour.) C.B. Rob. 0 2.500 soil, brown red feralite soils -
(Litsea sebifera developed on basalt with 5,5
Willd.) deep soil layer
2 Çng lß Betula alnoides 21 - 23°N 700 -
Buch. Ham.ex 1.500
D.Don
3 Chß chØ Parashorea 17 - 23°N 100 - + Feralite soils developed on
chinensis H. Wang 1.200 shale, limestone.
+ Prefers with deep layer and
high moisture.
4 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus 20 - 23°N 100 - + Red-yeallow, yeallow-red
retusus 1.000 feralite soils developed on
shale, mica-schist, gneiss
+ Deep layer, weel drainage.
5 DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus 08 - 19°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
alatus Roxb. ex 600 2.500 alluvium and ancient
G.Don alluvium
optimum: > 150 cm
6 DÎ bép Lithocarpus fissus 18 - 23°N < 1.500 - 3-5 23 - 27 25 - 37 16 - 22 + Red-yeallow, yeallow-red 4,5
(Champ.ex Benth.) 1.000 2.500 feralite soils developed on –
A. Camus; sandstone-schist, mica-schist, 5,5
Castanopsis fissa forest soils.
(Champ. ex Benth.) + Deep layer, well drainage.
Rehd & Wils
35
7 DÎ ®á Lithocarpus 11 - 22°N 200 - 1.500 - 3-5 23 - 27 25 - 37 16 - 22 Red-yeallow or yeallow-red 4,5
ducampii (Hickel et 1.000 2.500 feralite soils developed on –
A. Camus) A. acid-magma, sandstone- 5,5
Camus schist, forest soils.
8 §iÒu Anacardium 08 - 15°N 5- 700 - 0-6 25 - 27 32 - 36 19 - 22 + Feralite soils on the hills, 4-5
occidentale L. 600 3.100 sandy-loamy mixed soil in
sea shore
optimum: > 100 cm
9 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris 11 - 22 < 400 1.500 - 0-5 21 - 24 32 - 34 06 - 16 Grows on brown yellow soils 4-7
Dandy 3.000 developed on old alluvium;
soil developed on
sandstone
10 Håi Illicium verum 21 - 23°N 50 - 1.500 - 0-4 20 - 23 30 - 31 9 - 11 + Red, brown-red or yeallow 4-5
Hook f. 300 2.400 feralite soils, developed from
schist-sandstone with deep,
fertile and well drained soils.
optimum: > 100 cm
11 Huûnh Tarrietia javanica 17 - 19°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-5 23 - 26 30 - 35 15 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-6
Blume < 800 2.500 shale, mica-schist, with deep
and rich in humus.
optimum: > 100 cm
12 Keo l¸ trµm Acacia 08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 0-7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 3-9
auriculiformis A. 2.500 sandy soil, yeallowish red
Cunn. ex Benth basalt, sediment, ancient
alluvium.
optimum: > 50 cm
13 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium 08 - 22°N < 800 1.800 - 0-6 22 - 28 31 - 34 14 - 22 + Alluvial soil, coastal sandy 4,5
36
optimum: > 50 cm
14 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis 16 - 22°N 50 - 1.600 - 0-4 19 - 23 32 - 33 9 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas, 5-7
A. Juss. 1000 2.300 feralite soil developed on
Optimum: Sandy-loamy
with deep layer and high
moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
15 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum 17 - 23°N < 700 1.500 - 0-4 20 - 27 21 - 36 11 - 15 Red yellow feralite soils 4-6
fordii Oliv. 3.500 developed on granite, shale,
mica-schist. Prefers moist,
soft, humus soil
16 Lim xÑt Pelthophorum 08 - 22°N 50 - 1.200 - 1-6 20 - 25 24 - 33 10 - 16 Many feralite soil types 4-6
dasyrrachis (Miq.) 800 2.500 developed on gneiss, schists,
Kurz. var. mica-schist, red basalt.
tonkinensis (Pierre) Prefers deep, moist, humus
K. & S.Larsen soil
17 Luång Dendrocalanus 10 - 21°N < 300 1.800 - 5-6 23 - 24 32 - 34 13 - 22 + Alluvial soil in the deltas to 4-7
membranceus 2.300 hilly feralite soils wihith deep
Munro layer and high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
18 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 10 - 18°N <1.20 600 - 2-6 20 - 27 26 - 37 15 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils 4-6
(22°N) 0 3.500 developed on basalt,
porphyrite, mica-schist,
limestone; mixed sandy to
light loam texture
19 Rµng rµng Ormosia balansae 13 - 23°N 50 - Red yeallow or yeallow red 5,0
mÝt Drake 500 feralite soils developed on -
shale, mica-schist. Prefers 6,0
deep and moist soil
37
20 Sa méc Cunninghamia 19 - 23°N 400 - 1.300 - 1-6 20 - 25 25 - 30 6 - 18 Feralite soils developed on 5,0
lanceolata (Lamb.) 1.500 2.300 degenerated limestone, -
Hook. schists, sandstone-schist. 6,5
Prefers deep, high humus
content and moist soil
21 Sao ®en Hopea odorata 09 - 17°N < 800 1.500 - 4-6 25 - 28 33 - 35 11 - 18 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
optimum: > 100 cm
22 Së Camellia sasanqua >17°N <800 1.300 - 0-4 18 - 26 29 - 35 12 - 16 Grows well on yellow brown,
Thunb. 2.500 red yellow or yellow red soils
(Thea sasanqua developed on shale,
(Thunb.) Pierre) sandstone schist, ryolite; on
basalt red soil and stabilized
sand
23 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle 11 - 23°N 700 - 1.400 - 0-6 18 - 23 23 - 29 5 - 18 + Feralite soisl, redish- 4-5
ex Gordon 2.500 2.500 yeallow potzolic soils
developed on basalt, granite.
optimum: > 50 cm
24 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii 11 - 21°N <150 1.500 - 0-6 22 - 27 32 - 34 14 - 17 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
Jungh.et de Vries & 2.500 mica-schist, granite, schist,
< 900 basalt.
optimum: > 50 cm
25 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana 20 - 23°N 500 - 1.500 - 1-4 18 - 21 27 - 32 9 - 13 + Feralite soils developed on 4-6
Lamb. 1.100 2.300 rhiolite, granite, shale.
optimum: > 50 cm
26 T«ng dï Toona sinensis (A. 21 - 23°N 800 - 1.500 - Feralite soils developed on 5,5
Juss.) M. Roem 1.500 2.400 granite, shale, limestone, -
clay-schist, mica-schist. 7,0
Prefers deep, high humus
content and moist soil
38
27 Tèng qu¸n sñ Alnus nepalensis D. 22 - 23°N 1.000 500 - 15 - 20 Yeallow-red feralite soils 5,0
Don - 1.800 developed on granite -
3.000 5,5
28 Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album 13 - 22°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-5 22 - 25 27 - 32 13 - 15 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7
(Lour.) Raeusch. 700 2.200 mica-schist, shale. Optimum:
forest soils with deep layer
and high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
29 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna 08 - 22°N 20 - 1.900 - 0-6 24 - 28 29 - 31 11 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7
Pierre ex Lecomte 700 2.500 mica-schist, shale. Optimum:
high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
30 Tre gai Bambusa blumeana 08 - 23°N 1.300 - 23 -25 Adapts with many types of
Schultes 2.000 soils.
31 V¹ng trøng Endospermum 19 - 22°N 100 - 1.000 - Grows well on soils 4,5
chinense Benth. 700 2.000 developed from shale, mica –
schist, sandstone, porphyrite, 6,5
with deep layer, moist, high
humus content.
32 Vªn vªn Anisoptera costata 08 - 15°N 50 - 1.500 - 3-6 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Grows well on grey soils 4-5
Korth. (Anisoptera 700 2.500 developed on old alluvium,
cochinchinensis shale or yellow brown soil on
Pierre) old alluvium; prefers deep
and moist soil
33 Vèi thuèc Schima wallichii 19 - 23°N 400 - 1.000 - Grows well on soils 5,0
var. noronhae 1.500 2.000 developed from shale, mica -
(Blume ) Bloemb. schist, sandstone, poorphia, 6,5
with deep layer, moist, high
humus content.
34 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. 08 - 22°N < 500 1.000 - 3-6 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Adapts to many types of 5,5
2.000 soils: sandy, loamy, alluvial -
soils. Prefers alluvial soil 6,5
39
along the banks of rivers,
moist and deep layer.
II 1. SPECIES FOR WIND-BREAK, SAND DUNE FIXING IN SEA SHORES
1. Dõa Cocos nucifera L. 08 - 22°N 1.500 - 2-5 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Adapts to many types of 5-8
2.000 soils: sandy, loamy, alluvial,
sulphate soils.
2. §iÒu Anacardium 08 - 15°N 5- 700 - 0-6 25 - 27 32 - 36 19 - 22 + Feralite soil in the hills, 4-5
occidentale L. 600 3.100 sandy-loamy mixed soil in
sea shore
optimum: > 100 cm
3. Keo d©y Acacia dificilis 08 - 21°N 3- 1.500 - 3-6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 23 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 4-6
Maiden 200 2.300 sandy soil, yeallowish red
alluvium.
optimum: > 70 cm
4. Keo l¸ liÒm A. crassicarpa A. 08 - 19°N 3-200 1.500 - 3-6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 23 + Coastal sandy soil, 4-7
Cunn. ex Benth. 2.300 yeallowish red basalt,
sediment, ancient alluvium.
optimum: > 70 cm
5. Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. 08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 0-7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 3-9
Cunn. ex Benth 2.500 sandy soil, yeallowish red
alluvium.
optimum: > 50 cm
6. Keo Tumi®ª Acacia tumidae S. 08 - 21°N 3- 1.500 - 3-6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 23 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 4-6
Muell 200 2.300 sandy soil, yeallowish red
alluvium.
optimum: > 70 cm
7. Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 10 - 18°N <1200 600 - 2-6 20 - 27 26 - 37 15 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils 5-6
40
(22°N) 3.500 developed on basalt,
light loam texture
8. Phi lao Casuarina 11 - 20°N < 100 1.500 - 0-6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 25 + Alluvial soil, sandy-loamy 4-7
equisetifolia Forst 2.500 mixed soil in deltas, sand
& Forst f dunes in coastal areas. It can
be planted on acid, inundated
soil.
optimum: > 50 cm
9. Tre gai Bambusa blumeana 08 - 23°N 1.300 - 23 -25 Adapts with many types of
Schultes 2.000 soils.
10 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. 08 - 22°N < 500 1.000 - 3-6 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Adapts to many types of 5,5
2.000 soils: sandy, loamy, alluvial -
soils. Prefers alluvial soil 6,5
along the banks of rivers,
moist and deep layer.
11 Xoan chÞu Azedirachta indica
h¹n Juss.
II 2. SPECIES FOR WAVE PREVENTION
1. BÇn chua Sonneratia 08 - 21°N 0-5 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial, mudflats soils, 3-5
caseolaris (L.) 2.500 sometimes affected by rather
Engl. salty water
2. Dõa n−íc Nypa fruticans 08 - 16°N 0-5 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial soil flooding in 5-6
2.500 season along the banks of
canals, streams, rivers
3. §−íc Rhizophora 08 - 11°N 0-5 1.800 - 0-6 24 - 28 30 - 33 20 - 23 + Sandy mudflats soil, fertile 3-5
apiculata Blume 2.400 and frequently affected by
tide
optimum: > 60 cm
4. MÊm tr¾ng Avicennia alba 08 - 21°N 0-5 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Mudflats salty soil in sea 3-5
Blume 2.500 shore
5. Só Aegiceras 08 - 21°N 0-5 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Mudflats salty soil in sea 3-5
41
corniculatum 2.500 shore
6. Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi 08 - 21°N 1- 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 + Light and medium acid 3-5
Powell 120 2.500 sulphate soil with heavy clay
texture and peat with 3 month
water logging
optimum: > 100 cm
7. Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca 08 - 21°N 1- 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 + Sulphate acid soil in coastal 3-5
leucadendrra (L.) 120 2.500 areas. It can tolerate shallow,
L. hot and arid hilly soil,
strongly eroded, usually
growing in pure or nearly
pure stands
optimum: > 60 cm
8. Trang Kandelia candel 08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial, mudflat, salty soils 3-5
(L.) Druce 2.500
9. VÑt dï Bruguiera 08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 0-6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial, mudflat, clay, salty 3-5
gymnorrhiza (L.) 2.500 soils
Savigny
III SPECIES FOR PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE, URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS
1. Bµng Terminalia catappa 08 - 23°N 1.200 - 0-7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 Can be planted on many 5-6
L. 2.500 kinds of soils, including poor
soils
2. B»ng l¨ng Lagerstroemia 09 - 22°N < 800 Prefers deep layer, moist, 4-5
calyculata Kurz well drainage soils
3. D¸i ngùa Swietenia 1.500 - 26 - 29 15 Adapts to many soils. grows 4-5
macrophylla King 2.300 well on alluvial soil
4. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus 08 - 19°N 100 - 1.800 - 0-6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
alatus Roxb. ex 600 2.500 alluvium and ancient
G.Don alluvium
optimum: > 150 cm
5. Hoµng lan Michelia champaca 09 - 22°N 20 - 1.800 - 3-6 23 - 29 25 - 37 16 - 22 Grey soils on ancient 4,5
500 2.500 alluvium, clay miexed with –
42
sand, yeallow red feralite 5,5
soils developed on shale,
mica schist with deep layers
6. Keo l¸ trµm Acacia 08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 0-7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 + Many kinds of soils: coastal 3-9
auriculiformis A. 2.500 sandy soil, yeallowish red
Cunn. ex Benth basalt, sediment, ancient
alluvium.
optimum: > 50 cm
7. Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium 08 - 22°N < 800 1.800 - 0-6 22 - 28 31 - 34 14 - 22 + Alluvia soil, coastal sandy 4,5
optimum: > 50 cm
8. Long n·o Cinnamomum 20 - 23°N < 1.500 - Moist clay soil developed on 4,5
camphora (L.) J. 1.000 2.000 shale, mica-schist with deep -
Presl layers, high humus content 6,0
and good drainage
9. Me Tamarindus indica 09 - 22°N < 500 1.500 - 3-6 23 - 29 25 - 37 16 - 22 Grey soil on anciaent alluvial, 4,5
L. 2500 light texture, yeallow red –
feralite soils developed on 5,5
sandstone, schist-sandstone,
deep layers
10 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 10 - 18°N <1.20 600 - 2-6 20 - 27 26 - 37 15 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils 5-6
(22°N) 0 3.500 developed on basalt,
light loam texture
11 Muång hoa Cassia fistula L. 10 - 22°N 1.200 - 3-5 20 - 27 26 - 37 15 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils 5-6
vµng 2.000 developed on basalt,
light loam texture
12 Ph−îng vÜ Denolix regia 08 - 22°N 1.200 - 0-7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 Adapts to many types of 5-6
(Bojer ex Hook,) 2.500 soils. It can be planted on
Raf. poor soils
43
13 Sao ®en Hopea odorata < 800 1.300 - 4-6 23 - 29 25 - 37 16 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-5
optimum: > 100 cm
14 SÊu Dracontomelon 18 - 23°N < 800 1.500 - 0-5 22 - 26 27 - 37 11 - 21 Brown-yeallow soil on 4-6
dupperreanum 3.000 ancient alluvial, red soil on
Pierre neutral and alkaline magma,
red yeallow soils on acid
magma, etc.
15 S÷a (Mß cua) Alstonia scholaris 09 - 22°N 50 - 4-6
(L.) B. Br. 400
16 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle 11 - 23°N 700 - 1.400 - 0-6 18 - 23 23 - 29 5 - 18 + Feralite soils, redish- 4-5
ex Gordon 2.500 2.500 yeallow potzolic soil
developed on basalt, granite.
optimum: > 50 cm
17 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea 10 - 22°N 10 - 1.500 - 0-6 23 - 27 30 - 35 14 - 21 + Feralite soils developed on 4,0
Morelet 800 2.500 granite, shale, mica-schist, -
sandstone, ligh texture 5,5
optimum: > 60 cm
18 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii 11 - 21°N <150 900 - 0-6 23 - 28 26 - 35 10 - 18 + Feralite soil developed on 4-5
Jungh.et de Vries & 2.500 sandstone, mica-schist,
< 900 granite, schists, basalt.
optimum: > 50 cm
19 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana 20 - 23°N 300 - 1.500 - 1-4 17 - 22 23 - 31 10 - 18 + Feralite soil developed on 4-5
Lamb. 800 2.000 rhiolite, granite, shale.
optimum: > 50 cm
20 Trøng ç Calophyllium sp. 4-6
21 ViÕt Manilkara kauki 4-6
22 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis 08 - 22°N 1.500 - 18 - 23 26 - 29 15 - 20 Adapts to many soils. Prefers 4-6
(Desr.) A. Juss. 2.300 alluvial soil
44
Table 4a. List of priority species for speciesl-used forests
No Species Altitude Distribution H D Criteria of assessment (point) Total Planted

(m) (m) (cm) (point) 1.Botanical
Vietnamese Scientific name a.s.l. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 garden;
name 2.Trial
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
1 B¸ch vµng Xanthocyparis 1050 - Ha Giang 20 80 CR 0 1 1 3 3 1 14
vietnamensis 1330 5
Farjon & Hiep
2 B¸ch xanh Calocedrus 900 - Ba Vi, Son La, 20-30 60-80 EN 0 1 3 3 3 3 17 Ha Tay
macrolepis Kurz 1800 Lam Dong 4
3 B¹ch tïng Podocarpus Ha Giang, Central 20-30 80 VU 0 1 3 2 3 2 14 Gia Lai
imbricatus Highland 3
Blume
4 CÈm lai Bµ Dalbergia < 900 The South, Central 20-25 40-60 EN 0 1 3 2 2 2 14 Central
RÞa bariensis Pierre Highland 4 Highland,
South East
5 C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa Central Highland 30-40 40-60 VU 0 1 3 2 1 3 13 Central
Taub 3 Highland
6 Chai l¸ Shorea falcata Phu Yen, Khanh 12-15 100 CR 2 1 3 3 3 3 19 Binh
cong Vidal Hoa 5 Thuan
7 Chß chØ Parashorea 100 - Centre of the North 40-50 80- VU 0 1 3 2 2 3 14 Cuc
chinensis H. 1200 100 3 Phuong
Wang
8 Chß ®·I Annamocarya Cuc Phuong 20-30 50- CR 2 1 1 3 2 3 17 Cuc
sinensis J. Leroy 100 5 Phuong
9 Chß ®en Parashorea 300- Centre, The South, 30-40 80- EN 0 1 3 2 2 1 13
stellata Kurz 800 Central Highland 100 4
10 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus < 300 Centre of the North 35-40 100 EN 0 1 2 2 2 3 14 Phu Tho
tonkinensis 4
Chev.
11 DÇu bao Dipterocarpus 200– Lam Dong, Dong 40 80 EN 0 1 2 2 3 1 13
baudii Korth 800 Nai 4
45
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
12 DÇu çt Dipterocarpus < 600 Binh Thuan, Ba 30 60 EN 0 1 2 2 2 3 14 Binh
chartaceus Sym Ria, 4 Thuan
Binh
Duong
13 DÇu ®ät tÝm Dipterocarpus < 700 Hue, Quang Nam 25-40 60 EN 0 1 2 2 2 3 14 Hue,
grandiflorus 4 Quang
Blanco Nam
14 DÇu song Dipterocarpus 300– The South 40 200 VU 0 1 3 2 2 3 14 §ong Nai
nµng dyeri Pierre 500 3
15 DÎ tïng säc Amentotaxus 1500 Ha Giang 15 30-40 CR 0 1 1 3 3 1 14
n©u hatuyenensis 5
Hiep et Vidal
16 Du sam Keteleeria 500 - North West, North 25 100 VU 0 1 3 2 3 2 14 Son La,
evelyniana Mast 1600 East, Central 3 Lam Dong
Highland
17 Du sam ®¸ Keteleeria 400 - Cao Bang, Lang 15 30-40 CR 0 1 3 3 3 1 16
v«I fortunei 1600 Son 5
(Murray)
Carriere
18 §inh Markhamia The North 20 80 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13
stipulata (Wall) 3
Schum
19 §Ønh tïng Cephalotaxus 600 - Ba Vi, Lam Dong 20 80 VU 0 1 2 2 3 1 12 Ba Vi, Da
(PhØ) hainanensis 1500 3 Lat
H.L.Li
20 Gi¸ng Pterocarpus < 1000 Nghe An, 25 120 VU 0 1 3 2 2 3 14 Central
h−¬ng tr¸i macrocarpus Central Highland, 3 Highland
to Kurz South East
21 Giæi xanh Michelia The North, Centre, 30 150 VU 0 1 3 2 2 3 14 Phu Tho,
mediocris Central Highland 3 Central
Dandy Highland
22 Gâ ®á (Cµ Afzelia 300 - Central Highland, 25 200 EN 0 1 3 2 2 3 15 Central
te) xylocarpa < 1000 The South 4 Highland,
(Kurz) Craib The South
46
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
23 Gâ mËt (Gô Sindora < 900 Centre, The South 30 150 EN 0 1 3 2 2 3 15 The South
mËt) siamensis 4
Teysm.
24 Gô biÓn Sindora < 50 Centre, The South 15 40 EN 0 1 3 2 2 1 13
siamensis var 4
maritima
25 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus 200 - Lang Son, Tuyen 15 40 CR 0 1 3 3 3 1 16 Lang Son
torulosa D. Don 1200 Quang 5
26 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus 400 - Ha Giang, Da Lat 15 40 CR 0 1 3 3 3 1 16 Da Lat
rñ funebris Endle 1500 5
27 Hång Rhodoleia 200 - Central Highland 25 80 VU 0 1 3 2 2 2 13 Da Lat
quang championii 2500 3
Hook
28 Hång tïng Dacrydium 500- Yen Tu, Centre, 25 80 VU 0 1 3 2 2 2 13 Bach Ma,
(Hoµng ®µn elatum Wall.ex 1200 Central Highland 3 Da Lat
gi¶) Hook
29 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea pierrei Quang Binh to The 40 80 VU 0 1 3 2 2 2 13
Hance South 3
30 Kim giao Podocarpus 50- Cat Ba, Cuc 25 70 VU 0 1 3 2 2 2 13 Cat Ba,
fleuryi Hickel 1000 Phuong 3 C. Phuong
31 Kim giao Podocarpus 50- The South 25 100 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13 Trang
nam wallichianus 1000 3 Bom
Presl
32 L¸t hoa Chukrasia 20- The North, Central 30 150 EN 0 1 3 2 2 3 15 Son La,
tabularis A.Juss 1450 Highland, Con Dao 4 Nghe An
33 Lim xanh Erythrophleum < 400 The North, Centre, 25-30 150 EN 0 1 3 2 1 3 14 Cau Hai,
fordii Oliv Binh Thuan 4 Tam Dao,
Hoa Binh
34 M¹y chÊu Carya 600 - Son La 20-25 50-60 CR 2 1 1 3 3 1 16
tonkinensis 1200 5
Lecomte
35 Mì Ba V× Manglietia < 900 Ba Vi 20-25 50-60 VU 0 1 2 3 2 2 13 Ba Vi,
hainanensis 3 Phu Tho
Dandy
47
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
36 Mun Diospyros mun < 800 The North, Centre 15-20 50-60 CR 1 1 3 3 2 1 16 Lam Dong
A. Chev. 5
37 Mun säc Diospyros The North, Centre CR 1 1 3 3 2 1 16
salletti Lecomte. 5
38 NghiÕn Excentrodendro The North 30 80 EN 0 1 3 2 3 1 14
n tonkinense 4
(Gagnep) Chang
& Miau
39 P¬ mu Fokienia 800 - North West, 25-35 200 VU 0 1 2 2 3 1 12 Lao Cai,
hodginsii 2500 Centre, Central 3 Lam Dong
Henry&Thomas Highland
40 Rµng rµng Ormosia 50 - Phu Tho 20 80 NT 0 1 3 2 2 3 13 Cau Hai
mÝt balansae Drake 500 2
41 Re h−¬ng Cinnamomum 300- Centre, Central 20-25 50-60 CR 0 1 3 2 3 2 16
(X¸ xÞ) parthenoxylon 900 Highland 5
Meisn
42 Sa méc dÇu Cunninghamia 1300 - Nghe An, Thanh 60 320 CR 0 1 3 3 2 1 15
konishii Hayata 2000 Hoa 5
43 Sao l¸ h×nh Hopea cordata Cam Ranh 10 20 CR 2 1 1 3 3 1 16 Lam
tim Vidal 5 Dong, Bau
Bang
44 Sao m¹ng Hopea < 400 Ca Na 10 20 CR 2 1 1 3 3 1 16
reticulata 5
Tardieu
45 S¨ng ®µo Hopea ferrea < 700 Central Highland, 25-35 80 NT 0 1 3 2 3 1 12
Pierre The South 2
46 SÕn çt Shorea Central Highland, 30 120 LC 1 0 1 3 2 1 3 11 Binh
(SÕn mñ) roxburghii The South Thuan
G.Don
47 SÕn mËt Madhuca The North 30 100 NT 0 1 3 2 2 3 13 Cau Hai
pasquieri 2
H.J.Lam
48 S¬n ®µo Melanorrhoea Central Highland, 30 100 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13
usitata Wall The South 3
48
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
49 S¬n huyÕt Melanorrhoea <1000 Central Highland, 30 100 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13
laccifera Pierre The South 3
50 Th«ng ®á Taxus 1400 - Lam Dong, Central 30 150 CR 0 1 3 3 3 3 18 Lam Dong
L©m §ång wallichiana 1500 Highland 5
Zucc
51 Th«ng ®á Taxus chinensis 600 - The North 15 40 CR 0 1 1 3 3 2 15
Pµ Cß (Pilg) Rehd 1400 5
52 Th«ng hai Pinus krempfii 1000 - Lam Dong 30 200 VU 2 1 1 3 3 1 14 Lam Dong
l¸ dÑt Lecomte 2000 3
53 Th«ng 5 l¸ Pinus dalatensis 1500 - Lam Dong, Gia Lai 25 150 VU 2 1 2 3 2 2 15 Lam Dong
§µ L¹t de Ferre’ 2400 3
54 Th«ng Pµ Pinus 1200 - Hoa Binh, Ha 15 80 EN 0 1 2 3 3 1 14
Cß kwangtungensis 1400 Giang 4
Chun ex Tsiang
55 Th«ng tre Podocarpus North West, Centre 20-25 50-70 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13 Ba Vi,
neriifolius D. of The North 3 Cau Hai,
Don LDong
56 Th«ng tre l¸ Podocarpus 500 - North West, Centre 10-15 20-30 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13
ng¾n pilgeri Foxw 1600 of The North 3
57 Thñy tïng Glyptostrobus 700 Dac Lac 20-30 100 CR 0 1 3 3 3 1 16
pensilis K. Koch 5
58 Trai Nam Fagraea < 800 The South 20-30 150 VU 0 1 3 3 3 2 15
Bé fragrans Roxb. 3
59 Trai lý Garcinia < 900 North West 25 70-80 VU 0 1 3 2 3 1 13
fragraeoides A. 3
Chev.
60 Tr¾c d©y Dalbergia Quang Nam to The 7-10 20 EN 0 1 3 2 2 1 13 Lam Dong
annamensis A. South 4
Chev.
61 Tr¾c nghÖ Dalbergia 50 - Quang Nam to The 25-30 100 EN 0 1 3 3 2 3 16 Kon Tum
cochinchinensis 1000 South 4
Pierre
62 TrÇm dã Aquilaria 20 -700 All country 20 80 VU 0 1 3 2 2 3 14 Many
crassna Pierre 3 places
49
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
63 ¦¬i Scaphium Cetral Highland, 25 80 NT 0 1 3 1 2 1 10
macropodum The South 2
(Miq) Beumee
ex K. Heyne
64 Vµng t©m Manglietia 100 - The North 25 80 CR 0 1 3 2 3 1 15 Cau Hai
fordiana Oliv. 700 5
65 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum 100- The North 25 200 CR 0 1 3 2 3 1 15
balansae 600 5
Lecomte
66 X¸ xÞ (Re Cinnamomum All country 20 100 EN 0 1 3 2 3 1 14
lôc phÊn) glaucescens 4
(Nees) Hand.
Mazz.
67 Xoay Dialium 400 - Centre 25 150 VU 0 1 3 1 2 1 11
cochinchinensis 1000 3
Pierre
50
Table 4b. Site conditions for planting priority species for special-used forests

of the of the
months months
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 B¸ch vµng Xanthocyparis Feralite soils developed on
vietnamensis Farjon limestone, fine texture, high
& Hiep moisture
2 B¸ch xanh Calocedrus 900 - 1666 – 11 - Yeallow feralite soils
macrolepis Kurz 1800 1700 14 developed on shale and
> 2000 < 16 sandstone, yeallow alit,
humus alit soils developed on
schists or granite, shallow to
deep layers, deep litters
3 B¹ch tïng Podocarpus Grows on rock mountains,
imbricatus Blume loamy soils, deep layer, moist
4 CÈm lai Bµ Dalbergia bariensis < 900 Brown yeallow or yeallow
RÞa Pierre red feralite soils developed on
basalt, grey feralite soils
developed on ancient
alluvium, along the streams
and rivers
5 C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa Brown yeallow or yeallow
Taub red feralite soils developed on
basalt, grey feralite soils
developed on ancient
alluvium, along the streams
and rivers
6 Chai l¸ cong Shorea falcata Vidal Dense evergreen tropical
forests in low lands, grows in
sand-dunes, sandy soils along
the sea shores.
51
7 Chß chØ Parashorea 100 - + Feralite soils developed on
chinensis H. Wang 1200 shale, limestone.
+ Prefers with deep layer and
high moisture.
8 Chß ®·i Annamocarya 100 - Feralite soils developed on 4,7
sinensis J. Leroy 600 limestone, deep layer, high -
humus content, light to 5,2
medium alkaline in the dense,
evergreen tropical rain forests
9 Chß ®en Parashorea stellata 300- Broadleaf forests, yeallow
Kurz 800 feralite soils on mountains
with deep, moist layer
10 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus < 300 + Red-yeallow, yeallow-red
tonkinensis Chev. feralite soils developed on
shale, mica-schist, gneiss
+ Deep layer, well drainage.
11 DÇu bao Dipterocarpus 200 – Soils developed on basalt
baudii Korth 800
12 DÇu çt Dipterocarpus <600 Sandy soils
chartaceus Sym
13 DÇu ®ät tÝm Dipterocarpus < 700 Dense, evergreen tropical rain
grandiflorus Blanco forests
14 DÇu song Dipterocarpus dyeri 300 – Dense, evergreen tropical rain
nµng Pierre 500 forests
15 DÎ tïng säc Amentotaxus 1500 Soils developed on limestone
n©u hatuyenensis Hiep et mountains, dense or thin
Vidal evergreen tropical rian forests
16 Du sam Keteleeria 500 - Grows well on loamy soils in
evelyniana Mast 1600 dense evergreen tropical rain
forests
17 Du sam ®¸ Keteleeria fortunei 400 - Deep, moist soils on
v«i (Murray) Carriere 1600 limestone mountains in
dense, evergreen tropical rian
forests
18 §inh Markhamia stipulata Grows in evergreen tropical
52
(Wall) Schum rian forests, low elevation
19 §Ønh tïng Cephalotaxus 600 - Deep, moist soils in dense,
(PhØ) hainanensis H.L.Li 1500 evergreen tropical rian forests
20 Gi¸ng h−¬ng Pterocarpus <1000 Grows well on red yellow 4-6
tr¸i to macrocarpus Kurz feralite soils developed on
shale, mica-schist; soil
texture from light to medium
loam
21 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris 11 - 22 < 400 1.500 - 0-5 21 - 32 - 34 06 - 16 Grows on brown yellow soils 4-7
Dandy 3.000 24 developed on old alluvium;
soil developed on
sandstone
22 Gâ ®á (Cµ te) Afzelia xylocarpa < Red yeallow feralite soils
(Kurz) Craib 1000 developed on shale, sandy-
loamy soils, deep layer, well
drainage
23 Gâ mËt (Gô Sindora siamensis < 900 1500 - Feralite soils developed on 4-6
mËt) Teysm. 3000 granite, ancient alluvium;
grey, brown loamy soils, deep
layer, moist and high humus
content, but can be grew on
poor soils
24 Gô biÓn Sindora siamensis Sandy soil on hills along the
var maritima sea shores
25 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus torulosa 200 - 1300 - 20 - Limestone mountains,
D. Don 1200 1600 21 tropical rain forests
26 Hoµng ®µn rñ Cupressus funebris 400 - Limestone mountains,
Endle 1500 tropical rain forests, low
elevation
27 Hång quang Rhodoleia 200 - Tropical rain forests, virgin or
championii Hook 2500 secondary forests
53
28 Hång tïng, Dacrydium elatum 500 - Dense evergreen tropical
Hoµng ®µn Wall. ex Hook 1200 moist forests, soils developed
gi¶ on basalt, fertile or unfertile
29 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea pierrei Hance Dense evergreen tropical
moist forests, red yeallow
feralite soils developed on
acid and alkaline stones
30 Kim giao Podocarpus fleuryi 50 - Dense evergreen tropical
Hickel 1000 moist forests on limestone or
loamy mountains
31 Kim giao Podocarpus 50 - Dense evergreen tropical
nam wallichiana 1500 moist forests
(Presl) Kuntze
32 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis 16 - 50 - 1.600 - 0-4 19 - 32 - 33 9 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas, 5-7
A. Juss. 22°N 1000 2.300 23 feralite soil developed on
Optimum: sandy-loamy
with deep layer and high
moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
33 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum 17 - < 700 1.500 - 0-4 20 - 21 - 36 11 - 15 Red yellow feralite soils 4-6
fordii Oliv. 23°N 3.500 27 developed on granite, shale,
mica-schist. Prefers moist,
soft, humus soils
34 M¹y chÊu Carya tonkinensis 600 - Evergreen tropical forests,
Lecomte 1200 deep, moist, humus soils, well
drainage
35 Mì Ba V× Manglietia <900 Soils developed on basalt,
hainanensis Dandy sandstone, deep layr, well
drainage
36 Mun Diospyros mun A. < 800 Grows on limestone
Chev. mountains, feralite soils
developed on schists, resists
54
to poor soil in the sea shores
37 Mun säc Diospyros salletti Dense evergreen tropical rain
Lecomte. forests on limestone
mountains, moist soils with
high humus content
38 NghiÕn Excentrodendron < 700 Dense evergreen tropical rain
tonkinense (Gagnep) forests on limestone
Chang & Miau mountains, moist soils with
high humus content
39 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii 800 - 1200 - 15 Yeallow, yeallowish-red 4-5
Henry & Th 2500 2500 feralite soils developed on
granite, sandstone, alternative
deep layer, fertile in the dense
40 Rµng rµng Ormosia balansae 50 - Yeallowish-red and red-
mÝt Drake 500 yeallow feralite soils
developed on shale, mica
schist. Prefers deep layer,
moist and fertile soils
41 Re h−¬ng Cinnamomum 300 - Grows in dense evergreen
(X¸ xÞ) parthenoxylon Meisn 900 tropical rain forests, deep
layer, moist and well drainage
soils
42 Sa méc dÇu Cunninghamia 1300 - 1300 - 3 16 - Prefers forest soils with deep >5
konishii Hayata 2000 2000 19 layer, moist, high humus
content
43 Sao l¸ h×nh Hopea cordata Vidal Sandy soil in sand dunes
tim along the sea shores, tolerates
to poor soils.
Grows in dense evergreen
tropical forests, low elevation
44 Sao m¹ng Hopea reticulata < 400 Arid, poor soils on hills
Tardieu
45 S¨ng ®µo Hopea ferrea Pierre < 700 Evergreen moist forests.
Tolerate to dry, hot
55
conditions. Grows well along
the streams, rivers on sandy
soils, well drainage
46 SÕn çt (SÕn Shorea roxburghii Tolerates to poor,
mñ) G. Don deteriorated, hot, dry soils,
but grows well on deep layer,
high humus content soils
47 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri < Dense evergreen tropical rain
H.J.Lam 1300 forests on the low mountains.
Prefers fertile, light acidity,
deep layer, moist soils
48 S¬n ®µo Melanorrhoea < Thin evergreen tropical rain
usitata Wall 1200 forests, poor sandy soils
49 S¬n huyÕt Melanorrhoea < Thin evergreen tropical rain
laccifera Pierre 1200 forests, poor sandy soils
50 Th«ng ®á Taxus wallichiana 1400 - Evergreen tropical rain
L©m §ång Zucc 1500 forests, soils developed on
acid stones
51 Th«ng ®á Pµ Taxus chinensis 600 - Evergreen tropical rain
Cß (Pilg) Rehd 1400 forests on the limestone
mountains
52 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus krempfii 1000 - Evergreen tropical rain
dÑt Lecomte 2000 forests, brown-black soil with
humus layer 20-40cm thick
53 Th«ng n¨m Pinus dalatensis de 1500 - Yeallow or grey-black soils,
l¸ §µ L¹t Ferre’ 2400 shallow layer developed on
granite, shale. Grows in
54 Th«ng Pµ Cß Pinus 1200 - On limestone mountains
kwangtungensis 1400
Chun ex Tsiang
55 Th«ng tre Podocarpus Evergreen tropical rain
neriifolius D. Don forests, limestone mountains
56 Th«ng tre l¸ Podocarpus pilgeri 500 - Evergreen tropical rain
ng¾n Foxw 1600 forests, limestone mountains
56
57 Thñy tïng Glyptostrobus 700 1713 4 23,4 25,7 20,8 Brown-red flooding soils
pensilis K. Koch developed on basalt and
yeallow feralite soils
developed on basalt
58 Trai Nam Bé Fagraea fragrans < 800 Grows in evergreen tropical
Roxb. rain forests, or sandy soils in
the sea shores
59 Trai lý Garcinia < 900 Evergreen tropical rain
fragraeoides forests on limestone
A.Chev. mountains, deep layer, moist
and fertile
60 Tr¾c d©y Dalbergia < 500 Tolerates to poor, dry soils
annamensis A.
Chev.
61 Tr¾c nghÖ Dalbergia 50 - Grey, grey-yeallow ancient
cochinchinensis 1000 alluvial, deep layer, fertile
Pierre soils in the dense evergreen
tropical rain forests
62 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna 08 - 20 - 1.900 - 0-6 24 - 29 - 31 11 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7
Pierre ex Lecomte 22°N 700 2.500 28 mica-schist, shale. Optimum:
high moisture.
optimum: > 100 cm
63 ¦¬i Scaphium Evergreen tropical rain
macropodum (Miq) forests
Beumee ex K.Heyne
64 Vµng t©m Manglietia fordiana 100 - Evergreen tropical rain
Oliv. 700 forests, prefers acid, moist
and fertile soils
65 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum 100 - Yeallow or yeallow red
balansae Lecomte 600 feralite soils developed on
mica-schist, gneiss, high
humus content, well drainage
57
66 X¸ xÞ ( Re lôc Cinnamomum Evergreen tropical rain
phÊn) glaucescens (Nees) forests
Hand. Mazz.
67 Xoay Dialium 400 - ~2000 > 20 Brown-red feralite soils
cochinchinensis 1000 developed on basalt, granite,
Pierre ancieat alluvium with deep
layer in the evergreen forests
or secondary forests
58
Part V
Introduction to major important species

for planting programmes in Vietnam
Major important species for planting programmes:
Selected provenances and planting regions
Planting Regions
Species / Provenance
NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
1. Eucalyptus
camaldulensis Dehnh
Laura River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx
Morehead River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx
Kennedy River Qld x xx xx xxx xx
2. Eucalyptus
tereticornis Sm.
Sirinumu PNG x xx xx xxx xx
Oro Bay PNG x xx xx xxx xx
Mt. Molloy Qld xx x xx xx
3. Eucalyptus
urophylla S.T. Blake
Lembata x xxx xx xx
Waikui xx xx xx x x x
Egon vµ Lewotubi xx xx xx x xxx x
U6, PN14 xxx xx xx xx xx xx xxx
Hybrids UU, GU xxx xx xx xx xx xxx xxx
Ba Vi, Van Xuan xxx xx xx xx xx x
4. Machilus
odoratissima Nees
Local Sources xx xxx
5. Dipterocarpus alatus
Roxb. ex G.Don
Ho Chi Minh City x x xxx xxx
Seed Production Areas x xx x
6. Anacardium
occidentale L.
Selected grafts xx xx xxx
7. Rhizophora
apiculata Blume
Can Gio, Ca Mau x xxx xxx
8. Michelia mediocris
Dandy
Local Sources xx xx xx
9. Illicium verum Hook
Van Quan (Lang Son) xxx
10. Tarrietia javanica
Blume
Local Sources xx
11. Acacia crassicarpa
A. Cunn. ex Benth.
Dimisisi PNG xx xxx xxx xx xxx xx
Deri-Deri PNG xxx xx xxx xx xxx xx
Morehead R. PNG xx xx xx xxx xx
Benbach PNG xx xx xxx xx
60
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
12. A. auriculiformis A.
Cunn. ex Benth
Mibini PNG xx xxx
Morehead R PNG xx x x xx
Coen R. Qld x xx xxx xx xx xxx
Wenlock R. Qld xx x
Kings Plains Qld x xx xx x x xxx
Manton R. LT x x xx
Goodmadeer R NT xx x x xxx
Ba Vi xx x xx x x
Dong Ha xx xx x xx
13. A. auriculiformis A.
Cunn. ex Benth x A.
mangium Wild.
BV10, BV16, V32 xx x xxx xxx x xx xxx x
BV33, V71, BV75
TB6, TB12 xx xx xx x
14. Acacia mangium
Pongaki PNG x x xx xx xx
Deri-Deri PNG x x x x xx xxx
Oriomo PNG x xx xxx
Bimadeum PNG x x xxx
Ingham Qld x xx
Cardwell Qld xxx
Pascoe R Qld xxx
Ba Vi xx xx x xx xx
15. Chukrasia tabularis
A. Juss.
Udomxay (Laos) xx x xx x xx
Son La xx x xx x x
Tuyen Quang xx xx x x
Thanh Hoa x xx xx x
16. Dendrocalanus
membranceus Munro
Thanh Hoa x xx x xxx xxx xx
Cau Hai x xxx xx xxx x
17. Casuarina
equisetifolia Forst &
Forst f
601 and 701 xxx xxx x xx xx
Central Regions xx xx xx xx
18. Cinnamomum
cassia (L.) J.Presl.
Yen Bai xxx xx x
Tra My xx
19. Hopea odorata
Roxb.
HCMC xxx xxx xx
Dong Nai xxx xxx xx
20. Pinus kesiya Royle
ex Gordon
61
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
Hoang Su Phi HG xxx x xx
Simao China xxx x x
Doi Suthep, Thailand xxx
Th¸c Prenn Da Lat xx
Xu©n Tho Da Lat xx x x x
21. Pinus caribaea
Morelet
Poptun Guatemala xxx xx xx xxx xx xx xxx
Cardwell Qld xx xx xx xx x xx xxx
Dong Ha xx xx xx
Dai Lai xxx xx xxx xx xx xx xx
Ba Vi xxx xx xx xx xx xx xx
22. Pinus massoniana
Lamb.
Tam Dao xxx x xx
Loc Binh xxx x
23. Pinus merkusii
Jungh.et de Vries
Local sources x xx xxx xx
24. Melaleuca cajuputi
Powell
Bensbach PNG x xx xx xxx
Wangi NT x xx xx xxx
Long An VN x x x xxx
Phu Quoc VN x x xxx
25. Melaleuca
leucadendrra (L.) L.
Weipa Qld x xx xxx
Lawrence Qld xxx
Cambridge WA xxx
Proserpine Qld xx xxx xx
Rifle Cr. Qld x xx xx
Ba Vi VN xx xxx xx
Long An VN x xx xxx
26. Canarium album
(Lour.) Raeusch.
Local sources xxx xx xx xx
27. Aquilaria crassna
Pierre ex Lecomte
Local Sources x x xx x xx x
28. Melia azedarach L.
Local Sources x xx x xxx x
• Notes:
- Very adaptable: xxx,
- Adaptable:xx,
- Less adaptable:x
62
Vietnamese name: B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng caman
Scientific name: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh
• Some main characteristics:

A big tree, in its native region can reach 60m in hight and up to 3.6m in diameter.
Bole straight. Bark grey-white, or greenish-grey and glabrous, splitted into thin
pieces. Near the base, bark is longitudinally fissured and not splitted. Young
branchlets red, slender, pendulous. Leaves simple, alternate. Flowers medium-
sized, with small pedicel. Sepals connate at the base into hemisphere, on which
seated petals operculiform, same length as the calyx-tube, tip of operculum
pointed. Fruit hemispherical, 0.7-0.8cm long and 0.5-0.6cm wide, opening by 3
triangular valves.
• Natural distribution:
- Originated from Australia and widely distributed in tropical zones. The tree is
planted in many countries in the world. In vietnam, this species has been
imported for planting for a long time in low hilly areas from the North to the
South.
- Latitude: 120 - 380 S
- Altitude: 20 - 700m a.s.l.
• Climatic conditions in original area:

- Mean annual rainfall: 250mm - 1200mm.
- Mean annual temperature: 200 - 270 C
- Mean temperature of the hostted months: 290 - 330 C
- Mean temperature of the coldest months: 110 - 200 C
• Site conditions for planting in Vietnam:

- Latitude: 8 - 200 N
- Altitude: < 500m a.s.l.
- Climatic conditions:
+ Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm – 2500mm
+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): > 5 months
+ Mean annual temperature: 240 - 280 C
+ Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C
+ Mean temperature of the coldest months: 140 - 220 C
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on schists, shale. Optimum: Sandy-
loamy mixed soil, well drainage.
+ Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 60 cm
+ pH: 4 - 7
+ Limited slope: < 150, optimum: flat land (00)
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood reddish, grains fine. Hardness and density medium (0.5-0.7),
annual rings obscure and irregular in distance, easily curved. Can be used in
63
underwater construction, paper pulp, furniture, bridge-building, for sleepers,
electric posts, planks and normal implements.
- Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)
+ Timber products:
Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx
Timber and construction: x
Veneered wood:
Furniture: x
Staked wood:
Mining pole: xx
Fire wood: xx
+ Non-timber products:
+ For other purposes:

Soil improvement::
Wind-break: xx
Bee-feeding: xx
• Increment rate/ productivity: 12 - 15 m3/ha/yr.
• Mode of planting: Scattered, concentrated plantation
• Selected provenances and planting regions:
Region
Provenance
Laura River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx
Morehead River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx
Kennedy River Qld x xx xx xxx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- CN: Centre of the North
- NE: North East
- RR: Red River Delta
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- CH: Central Highland
- SE: South East
- SW: South West (Mekong River Delta)
- xxx: Very adaptable
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
64
Vietnamese name: B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng tªrª
Scientific name: Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith.

A woody evergreen tree, 20-30m, sometimes reach 45-50m in hight and 25-30cm
(up to 100cm) in diameter. Bark grey, smooth. Leaves oval, rather long and curved..
Flowers white. Seeds small-sized, brown.
- Originated in Australia (from Victoria to Queensland) and Papua New Guinea.
The tree is planted in many countries in the world. In vietnam, this species has
been imported for planting for a long time in low hilly areas from the North to the
South.
- Latitude: 80 - 380 S
- Altitude: under 1000m a.s.l.


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Sandy-loamy mixed, loamy soils, well drainage.
+ pH: 4 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Sapwood light yeallow, heartwood red, grains fine. Density 0.6-0.8.
Can be used in construction, furniture, paper pulp and normal implements.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
65
Staked wood:
Mining pole: xx
Fire wood: xx

Soil improvement::
Wind-break: xx
Bee-feeding: xx
Region
Provenance
Sirinumu PNG x xx xx xxx xx
Oro Bay PNG x xx xx xxx xx
Mt. Molloy Qld xx x xx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
66
Vietnamese name: B¹ch ®µn ur«
Scientific name: Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake

A big, evergreen tree, 20-25m in hight (can be reached 40-45m) and up to 1m or
more in diameter. Trunk straight, high bole (10-15m). Bark grey-brown, slightly
longitudinally fissured.
- Originated from Indonesia, major distributed in islands: Timor, Wetar, Alor,
Flores, Adonara, Lomblen and Pentar. The tree is planted in many countries in
the world. In vietnam, this species has been imported for planting in low hilly
areas from the North to the South.
- Altitude: 300 - 1100m a.s.l (Alor, Flores, Adonara, Lomblen and Pentar),
sometimes grow at the elevation of 1000 - 2900m a.s.l (Timor).


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on schists, shale. Optimum: Sandy-
loamy mixed soil, deep, high moisture, but well drainage.
+ pH: 4 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood brown, density 0.54-0.57, grains fine. Can be used in
construction, furniture and paper pulp.
+ Timber products:
67
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole: xx
Fire wood: x

Soil improvement::
Wind-break: xx
Bee-feeding: xx
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Lambata x xxx xx xx
Waikui xx xx xx x x x
Egon vµ Lewotubi xx xx xx x xxx x
U6, PN14 xxx xx xx xx xx xx xxx
Hybrids of UU & GU xxx xx xx xx xx xxx xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
68
Vietnamese name: Bêi lêi ®á (Kh¸o vµng)
Scientific name: Machilus odoratissima Nees.

A medium or large-sized tree, up to 30-35m in hight and 40-60cm in diameter.
Trunk straight with few branches. Crown small. Bark greyish-white with numerous
lenticels. Inner bark yeallowish, 8-10mm thick, aromatic. Twigs brownish, glabrous.
Leaves simple, alternate, coriaceous, lanceolate, 12cm long and 3.5cm wide, tip
slightly acute, base cuneate, glabrous on both surfaces. Lateral veins 7-10 pairs.
Petiole lanky, 7-15mm long. Inflorescence in a panicle, equal or longer than the
leaf, tomentose at rachis-base. Flowers yeallowish, bisexual. Perianth 6 lobes,
equal, oblong, shortly tomentose outside. Stamens 9, in 3 circles, 6 outer stamens
without glands, 3 inner ones biglandular at the base. Anthers 4-locular. Staminodes
3. Ovary globose and glabrous, style long, stima globose or subglobose. Fruit
globose, 10-12mm in diameter, calyx persistent and spreading, blackish-violet
when mature, covered with white powder. Fruit pedicel.
- Distributed in whole country, concentrated in Gia Lai, Kon Tum.


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October (or August - January)
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on basalt, schists, rhiolite. Optimum:
forest soil developed on basalt, schists.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 4 -5
+ Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber with distinctive heartwood and sapwood: Heartwood
yeallowish, sapwood white, rather durable and heavy (density 0.87), easy to
69
work, rather resistant to termites and insects, used in construction or in precious
furniture-making.
+ Timber products:
Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF):
Veneered wood: x
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:
+ Non-timber products: Bark makes incenses.

Soil improvement::
Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: 1-2 ha in the gardens or around the houses.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Local seed sources xx xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
70
Vietnamese name: DÇu r¸i (DÇu n−íc)
Scientific name: Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb.

A very big tree, 35-45m in hight and 60-100cm or more in diameter. Trunk
cylindricle, straight. Crown umbellate, late branched. Branches big. Twigs coarse.
Bark white-grey. Inner bark yeallowish-brown, resinous. Leaves simple, alternate,
ovate or oblong-ovate, elliptic, 20-25cm long, 10-15cm wide, slightly acute, dark
green above, pale green beneath, tomentose. Lateral veins 10-20 pairs, parallel,
evident beneath. Bud-stipule large, red, covered with tomentum. Inflorescence is a
whitr-pink raceme. Flowers pentamenrous (sepals 5, petals 5). Stamens about 30,
arranged in 2 rings. Fruit big, 1.5-2cmin diameter with 2 big wings, developed from
sepals, 11-14cm long and 1.5-2cm wide, red when young and yeallowish-brown
when mature. One seed.
- A rather common species of the Dipterocarpaceae family in Southeast asian
countries, distributed from India, Myanmar, Thaland, Laos, Cambodia and
Vietnam to Indonesia and the Philippines. In Vietnam, found from Quang Nam-
Da Nang and Southwards, most commonly in Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc, Binh
Duong, Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces, often growing gregariously in small pure
stands along streams and river banks.
- Altitude: under 800m a.s.l, mainly 100 - 400 m.
• Climatic conditions in original area (Vietnam):


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): > 5 months, optimum 6-7 months
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on alluvial and ancient alluvium
+ pH: 3.5 -5, optimum: 4 -5
71
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood rather hard with a density of 0.7 and fine grains, easy to saw
and polish. Used in light construction, for furniture and household implements.
Its resin used in painting industry and for burning. It is a very common shade
tree in Ho Chi Minh City and many towns of Southern provinces.
+ Timber products:
Timber and construction: xxx
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xxx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:
+ Non-timber products: Resin

Soil improvement::
Wind-break:
• Increment rate/ productivity: > 10 m3/ha/yr.
• Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation or along the roads, streets.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Hochiminh City x x x xxx xxx
SPAs x x xx x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
72
Vietnamese name: §iÒu (§µo lén hét)
Scientific name: Annacardium occidentale L.

A small or medium-sized tree, up to 6-25m in hight and 30-45cm in diameter. Early
branched. Crown globose, dense, dark green. Bark greyish-brown and rough with
abundant warts. Leaves simple, alternate, obovate, 9-15cm long, 6-8cm wide.
Flowers polygamous. Fruits developed from the swollen and juicy receptacle,
pyriform, yeallow or red. Seed white, contains oil and starch.
- Originates from South America, widely cultivated into plantations in Vietnam,
Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Srilanca, India etc. In
Vietnam, it is cultivated from Quang Nam to Phu Quoc island. A light-
demanding tree, suitable for distribution from the 15 parallel and Southward.
- Latitude: 200 N - 200 S
- Altitude: 5 - 250 m.


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils in the hills, sandy-loamy mixed soils in sea shore
+ pH: 3 - 6, optimum: 4.5 - 5
• Uses:
- Main uses: The wood is red-brown, hard, but crooked. It is used for huts, sheds
and production of charcoal. Old fruit rich in water, sugar and vitamine C, edible
in fresh or as a salad. Also used in production of alcohol. The real fruit are rich
in oil, processed to make water-protection to apply as cover over paint. Seeds
are rich in starch and sugar, oil, tasty with good smell. Can be used to make
high quality cake and candy.
73
+ Timber products:
Timber and construction:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: x
+ Non-timber products: Seed as food: xxx

Soil improvement::
Wind-break: xx
• Increment rate/ productivity:
• Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation or around the houses
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Tested Grafts xx xx xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
74
Vietnamese name: §−íc (§−íc ®«i)
Scientific name: Rhizophora apiculata Bl.

A tree, 10-20m high, especially in mangrove forests of the South, there trees with
large size of 30-35m in hight and 60-70cm in diameter. Bark grey, thick,
longitudinally fissured. Branches rough. Stilt-roots numerous at the base, fishpot-
shaped, 1-2m high. Leaves simple, opposite, 10-16cm long and 2.5-6cm wide.
Leaf-blade thick, stiff, glosy, lanceolate or oval, apex acute, base cuneate. Midrib
red, obvious beneath, lateral veins inconspicuos. Flowers at axil of fallen leaves,
usually 2 flowers in a cyme with a pedicel shorter than the pediole. Fruit pyriform-
like, 2-2.5cm long, brown, pendulous; propogule cylindrical, green, swollen at the
base, 15-20cm long, pinkish-green when mature.
- Mainly distributed in tropical coastal regions of the Northern hemisphere. In
Vietnam, R. apiculata is one of the main components of mangrove, usually
being dominant, or growing into nearly pure stands. Prefers sandy mudflats
along the coast of the South, or at river mouth, such as Ca Mau, Bac Lieu and
the estuary of Dong Nai river.
- Altitude: Sandy mudflats along the coast


- Latitude: 8 - 110 N and some locations along the coastal areas in the North
- Altitude: Sandy mudflats along the coast
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Sandy mudflats soil, fertile and frequently affected by tide
+ pH: 2 - 5, optimum: 3 - 4
+ Limited slope: 3 - 40, optimum: 00
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood is pinkish, heartwood the drrkest. Wood hard, heavy, easy to
work when fresh. Can be used in construction, for furniture and pit props.
75
Rather durable in dry conditions. Previously, it was much used for burning
charcoal, yielding high calorific output and little smoke. Bark is rich in tannin,
used in dyeing and tanning.
+ Timber products:
Timber and construction: xx
Veneered wood:
Furniture:
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood and charcoal: xxx
+ Non-timber products: Tannin: xxx

Soil improvement:: x
Wind-break: xx
Wave prevention: xxx
• Mode of planting: Concentrated forests along the coast of the sea.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Can Gio, Ca Mau x xxx xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
76
Vietnamese name: Giæi xanh
Scientific name: Michelia mediocris Dandy

A large evergreen tree, 25-30m in hight and 70-80cm in diameter. Trunk straight,
cylindrical. Bark grey. Inner bark brownish-yeallow, with stinking smell. Twigs
tomentose, leaving stipule scars and bearing scattered round lenticels. Leaves
simple, alternate, irregularly fixed on branches, leaf-blade coriaceous, glabrous, 8-
20 cm long and 5.5cm wide, oblong-ovate, tip with a short point, base round or
cuneate. Flower-bud enclosed by 3 caducous bracts. Flower solitary , terminal or
opposite feaf. Pedicel 3-3.5cm long, tomentose. Fruit compound, 10cm long when
mature; follicle oblong-ovate, 22mm long and 13mm wide, with many atomata,
dechiscing by a cover. Light-demanding and rather fast-growing species. Natural
and coppice-regeneration are good under thin forest cover. Flowering in April,
fruiting in October.
- An endemic species to Vietnam, distributed in hilly or mountainous regions, in
dense primary or secondary tropical and sub-tropical evergreen forests of
Northern and Central provinces, such as: Lao Cai, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha
Tinh, Kon Tum, Gia Lai. Usually mixed with Michelia faveolata, Pelthophorum
ferrugineum and Aglaia gigantea, sometimes forming a dominant stand.
- Latitude: 110 - 220 N


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): March - November
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on schists. Optimum: Forest soils with
deep layer and high moisture.
+ pH: 4 - 7
77
• Uses:
- Main uses: Sap-wood and heartwood distinctive, the latter is yeallow. Timber
very hard, fine grains, easy to work, rarely curved or spitted after seasoning and
resistant to termites and insects. Used in construction, boat and furniture-
making. Seed perfurmed, used as a spice and as medicaments for fever and
bellyache.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood: xx
Furniture: xxx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: x
+ Non-timber products: Seed perfurmed, used as a spice and as
medicaments for fever and bellyache.
Soil improvement::
Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: Enrichment of natural forests or plant under secondary

forest's foliage.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Local seed sources xx xx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- SW: South West (Mekong River Dalta)
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
78
Vietnamese name: Håi (§¹i håi)
Scientific name: Illicium verum Hook

A small tree, 6-8m in hight, sometimes over 10-15m, with a diameter up to 15-
30cm. Trunk straight, terete. Bark grey-brown, branchlets green, glabrous; crown
conicle to globose, looking beautiful. All parts of tree have an agreeable aromatic
smell. Leaves simple, usually clustered at branch-tips into pseudoverticils of 3-4
leaves. Leaves entire, 6-12cm long, 2.5-5cm wide, oval or ovate, tapering towards
both ends, apex obtuse or acute, base cuneate. Flowers big, pink-white, solitary
and axillary. Fruit consists of 6-8 (rarely 13) follicles, spreading, woody and brown
when mature, dehiscent by the ventral side. Seed solitary in each follicle, brown or
rufous, glosy and glabrous. Flowering twice a year: First time from February to
March, fruiting from June to August, and second time in August-October (fruiting in
February-March of the following year).
- Lang Son (Vietnam) and South of China.
- Latitude: 220 - 230 N


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Red, brown-red or yeallow feralite soils, developed from schist-
sandstone with deep, fertile and well drained soils.
+ pH: 4 - 5
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood is fragrant. Used for houses, pillars and furniture. Fruits,
leaves and seeds have essential oil, which is used in medicine and relished in
food-industry.
79
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: x
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: x
+ Non-timber products: Seed perfurmed, used as a spice and as

medicaments for fever and bellyache.

Soil improvement::
Wind-break:
Erosion prevention: x
• Mode of planting
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Van Quan xxx
(Lang Son)
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
80
Vietnamese name: Huûnh
Scientific name: Tarrietia javanica Bl.

An evergreen, large-sized tree, up to 45m high and 100-150cm in diameter,
branchless to hight of 20-25m. Trunk cylindrical, with thin buttresses. Bark white-
greyish, exuding latex. Crown dense. Leaves alternate, palmately compound.
Leaflets 3-7,obovoid, usually scaled beneath and with tufts of hairs at axils of
secondary veins. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 13cm long, much branched,
stellate hairy at tip. Flower unisexual. Fruit a globose nut with woody wall, has an
apical ridge enlarging into a wing. Flowering in January-February, fruiting in June-
July.
- Distributed in Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam. In Vietnam, met in
dense tropical evergreen forests of lowland areas. Concentrated in Quang Binh
province (Le Thuy, Tuyen Hoa, Quang Ninh districts).
- Latitude: 170 - 180 N


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): August - December
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, with deep and
rich in humus.
+ pH: 4 - 6
+ Limited slope: < 250
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood large, hard and durable with density of 0.9-1.1. Sapwood
brown, heartwood dark brown, grain fine and nicely figured, well resistant to
fungi, termites and salty water. One of the valuable woods of high quality
furniture, cabinet work, windows and door frame, stairs, sleepers, barrels and
81
ship and boat-building. It can be used for exterior implements, such as
telegraph and power-line electric ppoles, bridges and machine accessories.
+ Timber products:
Timber and construction: xxx
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xxx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: x

Soil improvement::
Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: Enrichment of natural forests, scattered around houses or

concentrated plantation.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Local seed sources xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
82
Vietnamese name: Keo l¸ liÒm
Scientific name: Acacia crassicarpa A.Cunn. ex Benth

A evergreen tree, 20-30m in hight. Bark greyish-brown, deeply longitudinally
fissured. Leaves curved, simple, green-grey. Fruit woody hard, brown. Seeds black,
6mm x 3mm in size.
- Originated from Australia (North East of Queensland), South-West Papua New
Guinea, Indonesia (South West Irian Jaya). In Vietnam, it is planted in some
South Central provinces.


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): 6 months
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, yeallowish red basalt,
+ pH: 4 - 6, optimum: 5 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Sapwood is light brown, heartwood yeallowish-red, density 0.72.
Used in house-building, boat-building, for furniture, veneered wood.
+ Timber products:
Ship-building: xx
Veneered wood: xx
83
Furniture: xxx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: xx

Soil improvement:: xxx
Wind-break: xx
Erosion prevention: xx
• Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Dimisisi PNG xx xxx xxx xx xxx xx
Deri-Deri PNG xxx xx xxx xx xxx xx
Morehead R. PNG xx xx xx xxx xx
Benbach PNG xx xx xxx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
84
Vietnamese name: Keo l¸ trµm
Scientific name: Acacia aurculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth

A large, evergreen tree, 25-30m in hight and up to 60-80cm in diameter with a bole
12-15m high. Crown large and dark green. Bark black-grey, deeply longitudinally
fissured, 2-3mm thick. Inner bark 7-9mm thick, white-grey. Young branches slightly
depressed, angular, glabrous and green. Leaves simple, alternate. Fruit a thin
compressed pod, 7-8cm long and 1.2-1.4cm wide, glabrous. Seeds 5-7. Fruit-stalk
1.2cm long.
- Originated from Australia, nowadays widely planted in Vietnam, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Sri Lanka and India. In Vietnam, it is planted in many provinces from
the North to the South, mainly concentrated from Quang Nam to Kien Giang.


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, yeallowish red basalt,
+ pH: 3 - 9, optimum: 4.5 - 6.5
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber large-sized and straight. Wood is white-yeallow with
inconspicuous ribs. Density 0.5-0.7. Used in house-building, for furniture, boxes
and carriage-making and for paper pulp. The tree is planted for shading and
wind break in nurseries and also as a shade tree along streets and road sides.
85
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood: x
Furniture: xxx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: xx

Wind-break: xx
Erosion prevention: xxx
• Increment rate/ productivity: 30 m3/ha/yr.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Mibini - PNG xx xxx
Morehead R - PNG xx x x xx
Coen R. Qld x xx xxx xx xx xxx
Wenlock R. Qld xx x
Kings Plains Qld x xx xx x x xxx
Manton R. NT x x xx
Goomadeer R. NT xx x x xxx
Seed Stand Ba Vi xx x xx x x
Seed Stand D. Ha xx xx x xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
86
Vietnamese name: Keo lai (gi÷a Keo tai t−îng vµ Keo l¸ trµm)
Scientific name: Acacia mangium Wild. x Acacia auriculiformis A.
Cunn. ex Benth.

A evergreen tree, 25-30m in hight and up to 30-40cm in diameter. Trunk straight,
with a bole high. Bark grey, slightly longitudinally fissured. Leaves, flowers, fruits
and seeds are intermediate characteristics between A. mangium and A.
auriculiformis. Grows faster than A. mangium and A. auriculiformis.
- Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, India and some other
countries in Pacific-Asia.


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, feralite soils developed
on schists, shale, alluvium and ancient alluvium.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Sapwood grey-white, heartwood light brown, density 0.56-0.63.
Mostly used for paper pulp. The tree has been planting widely in Vietnam.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood: xx
Furniture: xx
87
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: xx

Wind-break: xx
Erosion prevention:
Bee-feeding: xx
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
BV10, BV16, BV32, xx x xxx xxx x xx xxx x
BV33, BV 71, BV75,
TB6, TB12 xx xx xx x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
88
Vietnamese name: Keo tai t−îng
Scientific name: Acacia mangium Willd.

A large, evergreen tree, 30m in hight. Trunk straight, bole 12-15m high. Bark rough,
greyish-brown to brown, deeply longitudinally fissured. Leaves simple, large, 25cm
long and 8-10cm wide. Flowers white. Fruit twisted. Seeds black, oval, 3-5mm long
and 2-3mm wide.
- Originated from Australia (Queensland), Papua New Guinea (Western
province), Indonesia (Irian Jaya and Maluku). In Vietnam, it is planted in many
provinces from the North to the South.


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Alluvia soil, coastal sandy soil, ancient alluvium.
+ pH: 3.8 - 6.5.,optimum: 5 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Heartwood yeallowis-brown, sapwood light, density 0.42-0.48. Used
for paper pulp, veneered wood. The tree is planted for shading and wind break
and also as a invironmental improvement tree.
+ Timber products:
Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xx
Veneered wood: x
89
Furniture:
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:

Wind-break: xx
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Pongaki PNG x x xx xx xx
Deri-Deri PNG x x x x xx xxx
Oriomo PNG x xx xxx
Bimadebum PNG x x xxx
Ingham Qld x xx
Cardwell Qld xxx
Pascoe R Qld xxx
SS Ba Vi (1) xx xx x xx xx
(1)
Provenance Pongaki
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
90
Vietnamese name: L¸t hoa
Scientific name: Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss

A big tree, 30m in hight and up to 100cm in diameter. Trunk straight, with arge
buttresses. Branches dense. Bark blackish, lenticellate, shortly reddish tomentose.
Leaves paripinate-compound. Flowers hermaphrodite, yeallowish, 1.5cm long. Fruit
elliptic, slightly mucronate at tip, 4-4.5cm long and 2.5-3.5cm wide, many seeds
piled up in each fruit-locule. Seed 1-1.2cm long and 0.4cm wide, endosperm
absent. Flowering in July, fruiting in December or January the followinf year.
- Distributed in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, Tuyen Quang,
Lang Son, Son La, Lai Chau etc. provinces. The tree usally ocurres on
limestone mountains, mixed with: Pentace tonkinensis, Garcinia spp., Amoora
gigantea and Dracontemelum dupperreanum. Light-demanding when mature,
shade-demanding when young, slow-growing byt long-living.
- Latitude: 130 - 220 N


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October or October - February
(Central provinces)
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Alluvial soil in the deltas, feralite soil developed on granite,
limestones. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil in delta, forest soil wihith
deep layer and high moisture.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 6 - 7
• Uses:
91
- Main uses: Wood hard and heavy (density 0.75-0.80), valuable,sapwood
pinkish, heartwood copper-res; veins handsome, fine grains. Used in
construction and furniture-making. An endangered in Vietnam.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xxx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:

Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation or scattered trees around the

houses and gardens
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Udomxay (Laos) xx x xx x xx
Son La xx x xx x x
Tuyen Quang xx xx x x
Thanh Hoa x xx xx x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
92
Vietnamese name: Luång
Scientific name: Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro.

Growing in groups, 8-20m in hight and 10-12cm in diameter. Shoots sprout in April -
May. Fast-growing species. It can be harvested at 5 years old.
- Distributed in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Hoa Binh, Ha Tinh. The species has been
planting widely in many provinces throughout Vietnam.
- Latitude: 190 - 210 N


+ Rainy season (≥100 mm/month): May - October or September - February
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Alluvial soil in the deltas to hilly feralite soil wihith deep layer
and high moisture.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Used in construction, paper pulp, making art/household
implements.
+ Timber products:
Construction: xx
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:
93
+ Non-timber products: Bamboo shoots: xxx

Soil improvement::
Wind-break:
Dike protection: xxx
• Increment rate/ productivity: tons/ha/yr.
• Mode of planting:
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Thanh Hoa x xx x xxx xxx xx
Cau Hai x xxx xx xxx x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
94
Vietnamese name: Phi lao (Xi lau, D−¬ng)
Scientific name: Casuarina equisetifolia L.

An evergreen, medium or large-sized tree, 15-20m in hight and up to 20-40cm in
diameter. Leaves reduced to scales, surrounding the nodes of the twigs, and in this
case, their function is replaced by the twigs. Inner bark has the colour of raw meat.
Flowers unisexual, monoecious. Male inflorescence is a catkin-spike, consisting of
many flowers, arranged in whorls. Female flowers inflorescence solitary, at the tip
of short lateral branches. Fruits grouped into a woody oval cone with persistent
bracts. Seeds solitary without endosperm.
- Originates from Australia. Nowadays mainly planted in coastal areas of
Vietnam, and other countries in South East Asia.


- Altitude: 0 - 10m a.s.l. (sand dunes in coastal areas and deltas)
+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October or October - February
(Central provinces)
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Alluvial soil, sandy-loamy mixed soil in deltas, sand dunes in
coastal areas. It can be planted on acid, inundated soil.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 6 - 7
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber brownish and soft with distinctive annual rings, density
0.978. Easily attacked by termites and insects. Usually used in construction, fpr
mining poles, furniture and fuel wood. It can be burned even when green. It is
also cultivated for wind break and sand stabilization. Bark is rich in tannin and
can be used for tanning.
95
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture:
Staked wood:
Mining pole: xx
Fire wood: xxx

Soil improvement:: xx
Wind-break: xxx
Sand stabilization: xxx
• Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation, along the roads, canals or fences.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
601 & 701 xxx xxx x xx xx
Local seed source xx xx xx xx
of provinces in the
Central Vietnam
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
96
Vietnamese name: QuÕ
Scientific name: Cinnamomum cassia Bl.

An evergreen, medium-sized tree, 18-20m in hight and 40-60cm or morein
diameter. Trunk straight, cylindrical. Bark greyish-brown. All parts of tree are
pungently, agreeably perfumed. Twigs tetragonal, greenish, densely blackish-brown
tomentose, then gradually caducous. Leaves simple, alternate or subopposite,
oblong-ovate, 10-18cm long and 4-6cm widwe. Leaf-blade coreaceous, thick,
shinning green, thinly pilose beneath, 3-nerved from the base, evident. At young
leaves, veins evident on upper surface. Gland absent at axil of nerve. Petiole 1.4-
2.5cm long. Fruit cylindrical, pink-violet when mature, leaving a trace on branch
when fallen.
- Distributed in Vietnam and China (Southern provinces). In Vietnam, found in
many provinces, from the North to the South, but concentrated in Quang Ninh,
Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai provinces. Naturally
distributed in primary tropical dense forests.
- Latitude: 150 - 230 N

- Mean annual rainfall: 1500 mm - 2200mm.

+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): April - October
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist
+ pH: 4.0 - 5.5
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber used in making of normal implements, house-pillars, sawing
boards. Bark, leaves, branches and roots can be exploited for medicine.
Essential oil extracted from all parts of tree used in industry and medicine.
97
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: x
+ Non-timber products: Oil: xxx

Wind-break:
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Yen Bai xxx xx x
Tra My xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
98
Vietnamese name: Sao ®en
Scientific name: Hopea odorata Roxb

A big, evergreen tree, up to 30-40m in hight and 60-80cm in diameter. Bole
cyclindrical, 15-20cm. Bark blackish-brown, longitudially fissured into many thin and
rough pieces. Inner bark redish-brown, much fibrous. Twigs and petioles covered
with grey stellate hairs, later glabrous. Leaves ovate, oblong or lanceolate, 8-14cm
long and 3-6 cm wide. Flowers subsessile, sepals 5, hairy on both sides. Petals 5,
falcate, serrate and hairy outside. Overy hairy. Fruit ovoid, 7-8mm in diameter, with
developed wings, 5-6cm long and 1-2cm wide. Perianth 6 lobes, equal, oblong,
shortly tomentose outside. Stamens 9, in 3 circles, 6 outer stamens without glands,
3 inner ones biglandular at the base. Anthers 4-locular. Staminodes 3. Ovary
globose and glabrous, style long, stima globose or subglobose. Fruit globose, 10-
12mm in diameter, calyx persistent and spreading, blackish-violet when mature,
covered with white powder. Fruit pedicel.
- Distributed in India, Thaland, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. In Vietnam, found
in most provinces of Southern part, form Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Southwards.
Grows gregariously in dese tropical evergreen forests.
- Latitude: 100 - 160 N


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, deep-layers and
high moisture.
+ pH: 4 - 5, optimum: 5 - 6
99
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber greyish-yeallow, sapwood is lighter than heartwood. It is a
good and valuable timber of Vietnam, resistant to insects and termites. Usually
used in making of furniture, floors, railway sleeper, weagons and ship-building.
Trunk contains much resin and gum; is planted as avenue shade-trees in many
cities and towns in Vietnam.
+ Timber products:
Timber, ship-building and construction: xxx
Veneered wood: xx
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:

Wind-break:
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
HCMC xxx xxx xx
Dong Nai xxx xxx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
100
Vietnamese name: Th«ng ba l¸
Scientific name: Pinus kesyia Royle ex Gordon (syn. Pinus khasya
Hook.)
A big tree, up to 30-35m in hight with straight, cylindrical bole. Bark is thick and
dark brown, deeply splitted longitudially . Branches robust, red brown, from the
second year, branches pointing downwards. Leaf-base scale shaped, caducous.
Leaves dark green, soft, usually with 3 needles in an ocreate fascicle at tip of a
short twig. Needle 15-20cm long, ocrea 1.2cm long, persistent. Cone ovoid, 5-9cm
long, often curved downwards, sometimes slightly distorted. Seed winged, 1.5-
2.5cm long.
- Distributed in Thaland, Laos, Myanmar, China and Vietnam. In Vietnam, found
in Ha Giang, Kon Tum, Lam Dong.
- Latitude: 100 - 230 N


- Altitude: 900 - 1400m a.s.l (in the South) and 700 - 1200m a.s.l (North).
+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): 6 - 7 months
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils, redish-yeallow potzolic soil developed on basalt,
granite.
+ pH: 3.5 - 5, optimum: 4 - 4.5
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber soft and light. Can be used for housing implements, boxes,
matches, paper pulp and temporary electric poles. Resin good but not
abundant, therefore not yet much exploited.
101
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture:
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: xx
+ Non-timber products: Resin: xx

Wind-break:
• Increment rate/ productivity:15 m3/ha/yr.
• Mode of planting: Concentraed plantation
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Hoang Su Phi HG xxx x xx
Simao China xxx x x
Doi Suthep Thailand xxx
Prenn Da Lat xx
Xuan Tho, Da Lat xx x x x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
102
Vietnamese name: Th«ng caribª
Scientific name: Pinus caribaea Morelet

A big tree, evergreen, up to 30-35m in hight and 60-80cm in diametere, with
straight bole and small branches. Leaves dark green, soft, usually with 4-5 needles
in an ocreate fascicle at tip of a short twig.
- Distributed in:
+ Honduras and Nicaragua (larg-sized wood): Latitude: 120 - 180 N
+ Cuba (medium-sized wood): Latitude: 210 - 230 N
+ Bahamas and Caicos (rather larg -sized wood): Latitude: 220 - 270 N

- Mean annual rainfall: 700 mm - 3000mm.

- Altitude: 10 - 1000m a.s.l (in the South) and 20 - 600m a.s.l (North).
+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): 4 - 6 months
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils, potzolic soils on hills.
+ pH: 4 - 8.5, optimum: 4.5 - 5.5
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber brownish,density 0.45-0.47. Can be used for making
furniture, boxes, paper pulp.
+ Timber products:
Timber: xx
Veneered wood:
Furniture:
Staked wood:
103
Mining pole:
Fire wood:

Wind-break: xx
• Increment rate/ productivity:15 - 20m3/ha/yr.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Poptun Guatemala xxx xx xx xxx xx xx xxx
Cardwell Qld xx xx xx xx x xx xxx
Dong Ha xx xx xx
Dai Lai xxx xx xxx xx xx xx xx
Ba Vi xxx xx xx xx xx xx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
104
Vietnamese name: Th«ng m· vÜ (Th«ng ®u«i ngùa, Th«ng tµu)
Scientific name: Pinus massoniana Lamb.

A large tree can reach 30-40m in hight. Bole straight. Bark red brown, base darker,
split in pieces when old. Young branchlets yeallowish or fulvous, gabrous. Winter-
buds brown, tip acute. Trunk much resinous. Leaves lightly green, consisting of 2
(rarely 3) needles with an ocrea. Needle 10-20cm long, ocrea about 1cm long,
caducous. Cone matures in 2 years, when young subspherical, when old ovoid, 4-
7cm long and 2.5-4cm wide, brownish when mature, scale-surface rhomboid, flat,
margin rounded at a upper part, a transversal relief-line at the middle of the scale-
surface. Umbo concave or slightly convex, scale usually spiny in aridareas. Seed
brownish, with thin wings, 1.5cm long. Young tree has 5-8 cotyledons, newly
appeared leaves flat, 1.5-3.6cm long, margin hair- like spiny.
- Originates from China (the South and the Centre), it has been planted in some
provinces of Vietnam, such as Ha Tay (Da Chong), Bac Giang (Luc Ngan, Phan
Son), Thanh Hoa (PHu Dien), Quang Ninh (Yen Lap) and largely in Lang Son.
- Latitude: 230 - 350 N


- Altitude: 500 - 1100m a.s.l
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on rhiolite, granite, shale.
+ pH: 4 - 6, optimum: 4 - 4.5
• Uses:
- Main uses: Sapwood and heartwood distinctive: heartwood yeallow-brown,
veins coarse, straight, density 0.60-0.65. Used in construction, for mining poles,
matches, ordinary furniture, boxes and underwater construction (on land, it is
105
easily attacked by termites and insects). Wood contains 62% of cellulose and
can be used for paper and artificial fibres. The resin is a precious material
source for industry and medicine.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole: xx
Fire wood:
+ Non-timber products: Resin: xx

Wind-break: xx
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Tam Dao xxx x xxx
Loc Binh xxx x xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
106
Vietnamese name: Th«ng nhùa (Th«ng hai l¸)
Scientific name: Pinus merkussi J. et De Vries

A big tree, 30-35m in hight and 60-80cm or more in diameter. Trunk straight and
cylindrical, very resinous. Bark thick, reddish-brown, spliting deeply longitudially.
First year branches brownish and glabrous without white powder. Leaf base
persistent-scaled. Leaves dark green, 15-25cm long, 2 needles on a twig. Ocrea at
the base of leaf, 1-2cm long, persistent. Cone mature after 2 years. Scales of the
first year. Scales of the first year cone-fruit spineless. The second year cone-fruit
cylindrical or long-ovate, with pedicel about 1 cm long. Scale-surfacerhomboid,
margin sharp. Two transversal and longitudial relieved lines across the middle of
scale-surface, umbo slightly concave. Seed ovate, slightly flat, bearing a thin wing,
1.5-2cm long.
- Distributed in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, China
and Indonesia. In Vietnam, found in large stands or in small groups at Lai Chau,
Son La, Thai Nguyen, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh,
Quang Binh and Thua Thien - Hue provinces, and also appeared in Kon Tum,
Lam Dong provinces.
- Latitude: 200N - 100S


- Latitude: 11 - 210N
- Altitude: Under 900m a.s.l
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, granite, schists, basalt.
+ pH: 3.8 - 5.5, optimum: 4 - 4.5
• Uses:
107
- Main uses: Sapwood and heartwood distinctive: Sapwood is yeallowish and
heartwood slightly darker. Wood heavy (density 0.88-0.96). Used in
construction, making of matches, paper pilp, common furniture, pit props, electic
poles, ships and vehicle-building. High content of resin, each tree gives 3-4kg of
resin per year, this is a pecious raw material, used in medicine, paints, printing
and the perfume industry.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole: x
Fire wood:
+ Non-timber products: Resin: xxx

Wind-break:
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
High resin x xx xxx xx
productivity
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
108
Vietnamese name: Trµm cõ
Scientific name: Melaleuca cajuputi Powell

A big, evergreen tree, 15-20m high, and 30-40cm in diameter (In Australia the tree
can reach 25-40m in hight, 100-120cm in diameter). Bark White-grey, thin layers.
- Mainly distributed in:
+ Melaleuca cajuputy sub sp. cajuputi (East Indonesia, North-West
Australia)
+ Melaleuca cajuputy sub sp. cumingia (Vietnam: Mekong river delta, Quang
Binh, Ha Tinh).
+ Melaleuca cajuputy sub sp. platyhylla (North Queesland, South Papua
New Guinea)
- Latitude: 190 N - 200 S


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): April - October
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Light and medium acid sulphate soils with heavy clay texture
and peat with 3 month water logging
+ pH: 3 - 5, optimum: 4 - 5
+ Limited slope: < 250, optimum: flat (00)
• Uses:
- Main uses: Wood is light brown, heavy, hard, difficul to work when dry. Can be
used in construction, support poles. it is much used for burning charcoal,
yielding high calorific output and little smoke.
+ Timber products:
109
Construction: x
Veneered wood:
Furniture: x
Staked wood: xxx
Mining pole:
Fire wood and charcoal: xxx
+ Non-timber products: Oil extract: xx

Soil improvement::
Wind-break: xx
Wave prevention: xx
Bee-feeding: xxx
• Increment rate/ productivity: 10m3/ha/yr.
• Mode of planting: Concentrated forests in the acid sulphate soil.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Bensbach PNG x xx xx xxx
Wangi NT x xx xx xxx
Long An VN x x x xxx
Phu Quoc VN x x xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
110
Vietnamese name: Trµm l¸ dµi
Scientific name: Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. Hä Sim (Myrtaceae)
A large tree, 20-30m high and 50-60cm in diameter (sometimes a shrub of 0.5-3m
high). Bole often curved. Bark white-grey, peeled off into many thin and soft layers.
The whole tree aromatic. Leaves simple, alternate, leaf-blade thick, coreaceous,
glossy and dark green. young leaves thin, soft, pale green. Flowers small,
yeallowish-white, arranged in 5-15cm long, terminal spikes. Fruit a capsule,
hemispherical or subglobose, 3-4mm in diameter, dehiscent by 3 pores. Seed
globose, pointed.
- Distributed in Vietnam, China (Hongkong, Hainam), Thailand, Malaysia, Papua
New Guinea, Indonesia, New Zealand, Brazil and Nigeria. In Vietnam, mainly
found in Southern provinces, and in Quang binh and Thua Thien - Hue.
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Sulphate acid soil in coastal areas. It can tolerate shallow, hot
and arid hilly soils, strongly eroded, usually growing in pure or nearly pure
stands
+ pH: 3.5 - 5, optimum: 4.0 - 4.5
+ Limited slope: < 200, optimum: flat (00)
• Uses:
- Main uses: Sapwood and heartwood slightly diatinctive, pinkish-grey. Wood
hard, heavy, grains twisted, used for general implements, and for burning
charcoal. Bark is used in boat-caulking. Essential oil distiilled from leaves,
named eucalyptus oil and used in traditional medicine. Bark can be used as
insulation matter. Flowers are necta-source for bee-feeding. Attention neds to
be paid to this species for forest planting in acid-sulphate soil areas.
111
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture:
Staked wood: xxx
Mining pole: xxx
Fire wood and charcoal: xx
+ Non-timber products: Oil extract: xx

Soil improvement::
Wind-break: xx
Wave prevention:
Bee-feeding: xxx
• Mode of planting: Concentrated forests along the coast of the sea.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Weipa Qld x xx xxx
Lawrence Qld xxx
Cambridge WA xxx
Proserpine Qld xx xxx xx
Rifle Cr. Qld x xx xx
Ba Vi VN xx xxx xx
Long An VN x xx xxx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- SW: South West (Mekong River Delta
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
112
Vietnamese name: Tr¸m tr¾ng
Scientific name: Canarium album Raeusch

A big tree, up to 20-30m high. Trunk cylindrical, straight and late branched. Bark
white, fissured into small pieces when old, exuding white resin. Leaves
imparipinnately compound. Leaflets oblong-ovate, 6-15cm long and 2.5-6cm wide,
crustaceous, with many shining white scales beneath, apex gradually tapered and
base unequal. Stipule awl-shaped, caducous. Inflorescence racemose, usually
shorter than the leaf. Flowers with short peduncle, 0.2-0.3cm long, yeallowish-
white. Fruit an oblong-ovoid drupe, 3.5-4cm long and 2-2.5cm wide, yealow-green
when mature. Seedlings with leaves which are very variable in shape: first, they are
simple and deeply lobed, then they become entire and at last, imparipinnately
compound, similar to the leaves of mature trees.
- Distributed in primary and secondary forests of most provinces in North
Vietnam, particularly in Thai Nguyen, Bac Can, Phu Tho, Quang binh, Gia Lai,
Kon Tum. Usually mixed with Erythrophloeum fordii, Peltophorum tonkinensis,
Hopea spp., etc.
- Latitude: 210 - 220 N


- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest
soil with deep layer and high moisture.
+ pH: 4 -7, optimum: 5 - 6
113
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber greyish-brown, soft and light. Used for sawing-board, house
construction and fuelwood. The resin is used for incense, canarium perfume oil
and turpentine, being a raw material for paint and printing industries. Fruit edible
or used in medicine against diarrhoea, rheumatism and as disinfective. Seed
contains oil.
+ Timber products:
Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xx
Veneered wood: xx
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: x
+ Non-timber products: Extract resin. Fruits used for food. Seeds contain oil

Soil improvement:: xx
Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: Scattered, fences around houses, concentrated plantaton.
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Local Seed sources xxx xx xx xx
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
114
Vietnamese name: TrÇm dã (TrÇm h−¬ng, Dã bÇu)
Scientific name: Aquilari cracsna Pierre

A large evergreen tree, 15-20cm (rarely 30m) in hight, with a diameter of 40-50cm
(sometimes 60-100cm). Bark greyish-brown, slightly fissured, easy to fpeel off,
smooth. Inner bark wet with much water. Branches nearly horizontal, not straight.
Crown open. Leaves coriaceous, oval, upper surface glossy and green, lower
surface light-coloured. Inflorescence umbellate, axillary or termonal. Flowers small,
pale blue-yeallow. Fruit a capsule, obovoid, 4x5cm in size, hard when dry, furnished
with short, greyish-yeallow hairs and persistent calyx.
- Distributed in Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, North Central region, Gia Lai, Kon Tum,
Phu Quoc. Growed in wet tropical forests.


+ Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - Oct. or Sep - Feb (following year)
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest
soil with deep layer and high moisture.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: wood of high commercial value. Roots can be used as incense wood
(commonly known as eagle wood) and also for cosmetic preparation, fine art
article-making and as medicines. Coriaceous bark can produce good fiber for
hammock-making and paper pulp. Because the demand for its pecious
products, it has become very rare. A vulnerable species (V).
115
+ Timber products:
Industrial materials (paper pulp, chip, MDF). Bark makes paper: xxx
Veneered wood: x
Furniture:
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood:
+ Non-timber products: Insence wood, cosmetic preparation, fine-art articles,

medicines.

Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: Scattered, fences around houses, concentared plantation
• Increment rate / productivity:
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Local seed sources x x xx x xx x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
116
Vietnamese name: Xoan ta (SÇu ®«ng)
Scientific name: Melia azedarach L.

A deciduous, medium to big-sized tree, up to 20m high and 30-50cm or more in
diameter. Trunk straight. Crown open. Bark greyish-brown, smooth, with vertical,
orange lenticels. Inner bark white-yellow, 3-5mm thick, fibrous. Twigs tomentose.
Leaves bi- or tri-imparipinnate, alternate. Folioles ovoid or oblong-lanceolate, 3-
7cm long and 2-3cm wide, serrate, with stellate hairs when young, dark green
above and yellowish-green beneath. Lateral nerves 10-14 pairs, evident on both
surfaces, venules reticulate. Petiolule 2-5mm long, stellate hairy. Inflorescence is
an axillary panicle. Flowers symmetric, hermaphroditic, aromatic. Sepels 5-6, linear.
Staments united into a dentate tube. Anthers 10-12. Disk short, cupulate. Ovary 4-
5-locular, glabrous, style long. Fruit a berry, exocarp fleshy, endocarp woody, 4-5
loculi and 1 seed in each locule.
- Distributed in North and Centre of Vietnam, Southern China and Laos.
- Latitude: 150 - 220 N


+ Mean temperature of the hostted months: 30 0 - 330 C
- Soil conditions:
+ Soil type: loamy, sandy-loamy-mixed soils, feralite soils developed on
gneiss, rhiolite. Optimum: Alluvial soil in deltas with deep layer and high
moisture.
+ pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6
• Uses:
- Main uses: Timber soft and light, rather resistant to rot, but easily destroyed by
termites. If put it in water for 5-6 months, the timber will be very durable. Used in
117
construction and for household implements. Timber gives high calori value and
its charcoal is used for gun powder. Leaves used as green manure. Seeds
contain oil.
+ Timber products:
Veneered wood:
Furniture: xx
Staked wood:
Mining pole:
Fire wood: xx
+ Non-timber products: Timber gives high calori value and its charcoal is
used for gun powder. Leaves used as green manure. Seeds contain oil

Wind-break:
• Mode of planting: Scattered, fences around houses, after cutivated areas
Region
Provenance/Cultivar
Local seed sources x xx xx xxx x
Notes:
- NW: North West
- NE: North East
- NC: North Centre
- SC: South Centre
- SE: South East
- xx: Adaptable
- x: Less adaptable
118

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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

FOREST SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAMME AND PARTNERS

FOREST TREE SPECIES SELECTION

HANOI, NOVEMBER 2003

Background and justification 3

Part I. Selection criteria and lists of priority species for 8

1. Selection criteria of priority species for production forests 8

Part II. Selection criteria and lists of priority species for 11

1. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests 11

Part III. Selection criteria and list of priority species for 15

1. Selection criteria of priority species for special-used forests 15

Part IV. Annexes 18

Table 1. List of forest tree species used in tree planting 19

Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for 29

Table 3. Site conditions for planting priority species for 35

Table 4a + 4b. Site conditions for planting priority species for 45

Part V. Introduction to major important species for planting 59

BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

1. Present situation and necessity of selecting species for plantation

In process of tree planting programmes' operation, the forestry owners in the

Presently in implementation process of 5MHRP and other planting programmes,

To support the development of forestry sector in Vietnam, 21 International partners

- List of tree species used in planting programmes in Vietnam.

1. Target group and scopes:

- Species use for production forests: 2 sub-groups:

- Species use for protection foresst: 4 sub-groups:

1. Selection criteria of priority species for production forests

1.2. Detailed criteria:

1.2.1. Selection criteria for species supply wood:

The major groups of tree species supply wood are:

1.2.2. Selection criteria for species supply non-timber products:

2.2. List of priority species supply non-timber products

1. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests

Protection forests in Vietnam have 3 major categories: Watershed, sea-shores

1.1. Selection criteria of priority species for watershed protection forests

1.2. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests in sea-shores

2. Lists of priority species for protection forests

2.1. List of priority species for water-shed protection forests

2.2. Lists of priority species for sea shores protection forests

2.2.2. List of priority species for wave prevention forests

1. Selection criteria of priority species for special-used forests

1.2. General criteria of priority level:

1.3. Detailed criteria

Table 1. List of forest tree species used in tree planting

Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for

Table 3. Site conditions for planting priority species for

Table 4a+4b. Site conditions for planting priority species

No Species Latitude Altitu- Climatic conditions Soil conditions

No Species Latitude Altitu- Climatic conditions Soil conditions

No Species Altitude Distribution H D Criteria of assessment (point) Total Planted

No Species Latitude Altitu- Climatic conditions Soil conditions

Introduction to major important species

• Some main characteristics:

• Climatic conditions in original area:

• Site conditions for planting in Vietnam:

+ For other purposes:

• Increment rate/ productivity: 12 - 15 m3/ha/yr.

• Mode of planting: Scattered, concentrated plantation

• Selected provenances and planting regions:

• Some main characteristics:

• Climatic conditions in original area:

• Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: