Situation 1 - Inaccesible terrace

1) Materials

Elasticity
Es ≔ 210000 MPa

Specific weigth steel

kN
γs ≔ 78.5 ――
m3

Specific weigth concrete

kN
γc ≔ 25 ――
m3

Specific weigth light-weight concrete

kN
γlc ≔ 12 ――
m3
Steel yielding strenght
fy ≔ 235 MPa

2) Section existing profile

d1 ≔ 410 mm

Flange
tf1 ≔ 11 mm bf1 ≔ 178 mm

Web
tw1 ≔ 9 mm hw1 ≔ 410 mm − 2 ⋅ tf1 = 388 mm

A1 ≔ 7.408 ⋅ ⎛⎝10 −3⎞⎠ m 2 = ⎛⎝7.408 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

I1 ≔ 1.9971 ⋅ ⎛⎝10 −4⎞⎠ m 4 = ⎛⎝1.997 ⋅ 10 8 ⎞⎠ mm 4

2.1) Loads

kN
qD1 ≔ ⎛⎝0.13 m ⋅ γc⎞⎠ ⋅ 4 m + ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ⋅ γs = 13.582 ――
m

qF1 ≔ 0.08 m ⋅ γlc ⋅ 4 m

kN
qL1 ≔ 1 ―― ⋅4 m
m2
 kN
qL1 ≔ 1 ―― ⋅4 m
m2

2.2) Resistance

kN
qEd1 ≔ 1.35 ⋅ qD1 + 1.35 ⋅ qF1 + 1.5 ⋅ qL1 = 29.519 ――
m

L≔9 m

qEd1 ⋅ L 2
MEd1 ≔ ―――= 298.881 kN ⋅ m
8
γM ≔ 1

MEd1 ⋅ γM
Zreq1 ≔ ―――― = ⎛⎝1.272 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3
fy

Zpl1 ≔ 1.12 ⋅ 10 −3 m 3 = ⎛⎝1.12 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3

Zreq1
ρ1 ≔ ――= 1.136
Zpl1

Conclusion: The beam ratio is excessive (13.6%). The beam must be reinforced.

2.3) Deflection

The total deflection after applying the new loads will be:

kN
qsp1 ≔ qD1 + qF1 + 0.3 ⋅ qL1 = 18.622 ――
m

5 qsp1 L 4
δsp1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ――⋅ ―― = 37.932 mm
384 Es I1

L
coefsp1 ≔ ―― = 237.267
δsp1

The deflection due to the application of the new loads will be:

qact ≔ qF1 + qL1

 5 qact L 4
δL1 ≔ ―― ⋅ ――⋅ ―― = 15.97 mm
384 Es I1

L
coefL1 ≔ ―― = 563.556
δL1

Conclusion: adding a new finishing won't occasion any new excesive deflection. However, the
beam must be reinforced due to the excesive ratio occasionated by the new loads.

3) Reinforced beam

In order to provide enough strenght to sustain the new loads is necessary to reinforce the
existing beam by means of adding a new profile below.

IPE 220

d2 ≔ 220 mm

Flange
tf2 ≔ 9.2 mm bf2 ≔ 110 mm

Web
tw2 ≔ 5.9 mm hw2 ≔ d2 − 2 ⋅ tf2 = 201.6 mm

A2 ≔ 33.4 cm 2 = ⎛⎝3.34 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

I2 ≔ 2770 cm 4 = ⎛⎝2.77 ⋅ 10 7 ⎞⎠ mm 4

Gravity center regarding the top of the composite section

d1
y1 ≔ ―= 0.205 m
2

y2 ≔ d1 + 0.5 ⋅ d2 = 0.52 m
A1 ⋅ y1 + A2 ⋅ y2
yg ≔ ――――― = 302.888 mm
A1 + A2
2 2
Itot ≔ I1 + A1 ⋅ ⎛⎝yg − y1⎞⎠ + I2 + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yg − y2⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝4.558 ⋅ 10 8 ⎞⎠ mm 4

dtot ≔ d1 + d2

Itot
Wsup ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝1.505 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3
yg
 Itot
Wsup ≔ ―― = ⎛⎝1.505 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3
yg

Itot
Winf ≔ ――― = ⎛⎝1.394 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3
dtot − yg

3.1) Loads

kN
qD2 ≔ ⎛⎝0.13 m ⋅ γc + 0.08 m ⋅ γlc⎞⎠ ⋅ 4 m + ⎛⎝A1 + A2⎞⎠ ⋅ γs = 17.684 ――
m
kN
qL2 ≔ 1 ―― ⋅4 m
m2

3.2) Resistance

kN
q2 ≔ qD2 + qL2 = 21.684 ――
m

q2 ⋅ L 2
M2 ≔ ――― = 219.548 kN ⋅ m
8
Ω ≔ 1.4

M2 ⋅ Ω
Wreq2 ≔ ――― = ⎛⎝1.308 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3
fy

Wsup = ⎛⎝1.505 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3

Winf = ⎛⎝1.394 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ mm 3

Wreq2
ρ2 ≔ ―――――― = 0.939
min ⎛⎝Wsup , Winf⎞⎠

3.3) Deflection

kN
qsp2 ≔ qD2 + 0.3 ⋅ qL2 = 18.884 ――
m
L≔9 m
5 qsp2 L 4
δsp2 ≔ ―― ⋅ ――⋅ ―― = 16.853 mm
384 Es Itot
 L
coefsp2 ≔ ―― = 534.038
δsp2

5 qL2 L 4
δL2 ≔ ―― ⋅ ――
⋅ ―― = 3.57 mm
384 Es Itot

L
coefL2 ≔ ―― = 2.521 ⋅ 10 3
δL2

Conclusion: considering the situation of inaccesible terrace, and an average of 8cm finishing
(with the indicated leight weight concrete) to drain the rain water, the principal beams need
to be reinforced welding a IPE 220 below.