Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables by Substitution Method

Prepared by: Mary Ann T. Cansino

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

a. simplify linear equations to get the solution sets;
b. construct linear equations and solve for the solution sets;
c. discuss the importance of equality in the society.

II. Subject Matter: Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables by

Substitution Method
Reference: Simplified College Algebra page (97) by: Gabino P. Petilos, Ph.D.
Skills: analyzing and solving
Values: equality

III. Materials: power point (multimedia presentation), projector, and laptop

IV. Learning Activities

A. Routines
a. Prayer
b. Greetings
c. Checking of Attendance
d. Checking of Assignment

B. Set Induction
a. Review
Before we proceed to our next lesson this afternoon. Let us have first a review
on our previous topic last meeting.

I will give you a very short activity as a sort of review.

Directions: Find the equation in solving for x in terms of y and in solving for y in
terms of x. For items 1 – 3, find the equation in solving x and for 4 – 5, the
equation in solving for y.

1. x + 2y = 8 x=?
2. 3x + y = 9 x=?
3. x–y=5 x=?
4. 4x + 3y = 7 y=?
5. x + 4y = 10 y=?

b. Motivation
Now class, you have learned already on how to find the equation in solving for
the value of one variable (x) in terms of the other variable (y).

I have here a pair of equations;

x+ y = 6 Equation 1
2x – 3y = 2 Equation 2

Class what does this equal sign mean in this equation x + y = 6?

How could we know that x + y is equal to 6?

By applying your knowledge on our previous topic, we can find the equation for
solving x in terms of y which is x = 6 – y and in the same manner, y = 6 – x.
 Now class, do you know on how to find the value of x having the having the
second equation 2x – 3y = 2?

In the same manner, do you know on how to find the value of y having the
second equation 2x – 3y = 2?

Do you know on how to solve for x and for y by substitution method?

C. Developmental Activities
Today we will discuss how to solve systems of linear equations by substitution method.

Goal:
 simplify linear equations to get the solution sets
 construct linear equations and solve for the solution sets
 discuss the importance of equality in the society

1. Presentation
I will group you into 5 groups. Each member of the group should cooperate in
doing your activity.

Direction: On the following pairs of equations, solve for the value of x and for the
value of y by following the steps.
Step 1: Solve for one variable (say x) in terms of the other variable (say y) in one
of the equations.
Step 2: Substitute the value of the variable (x) found in the first step to the
same variable (x) of the second equation. Simplify and solve the resulting
equation to find the value of the variable (x).
Step 3: Substitute the value obtained in second step to any of the original
equations to find the value of the other variable (y).

Group 1: 2x + y = -5 Eq. 1
2x + 3y = 10 Eq. 2

Group 2: 2y – x = 5 Eq. 1
2y + x = -10 Eq. 2

Group 3: x+y=9 Eq. 1

x–y=5 Eq. 2

Group 4: x + 3y = 9 Eq. 1
2x – y = -4 Eq. 2

Group 5: x – 4y = 1 Eq. 1
x + y = -4 Eq. 2

2. Discussion and Analysis

Let us now check your solutions and answers. Let us begin checking the solution
and answer of the group 1. The first group has this pair of equations;
2x + y = -5 Eq. 1
2x + 3y = 10 Eq. 2

We have to follow the steps to obtain the correct solutions and answer.

By following the step 1, we can obtain equation for finding y in terms of x for the
equation 1, we have
2x + y = -5
y = -5 – 2x
Since we have obtained the value of y in the first equation which is equal to – 5 –
2x or y = -5 – 2x, we will follow the next step which is to substitute it to the y in the
second equation.
2x + 3y = 10
y = -5 – 2x
2x + 3 (-5 – 2x) = 10

In this certain equation, we can simplify 2x + 3(-5-2x) = 10 by applying the

distributive property. We can obtain;
2x + 3 (-5 – 2x) = 10
2x – 15 – 6x = 10

By combining like terms, we can obtain;

-4x – 15 = 10

We need to apply the addition property of equality to remove the -15 in the left
side of the equation so that -4x will be isolated.
-4x – 15 = 10
-4x – 15 + 15 = 10 + 15

The -15 and +15 will be cancelled out since it equivalent to 0. So we now have
-4x – 15 + 15 = 10 + 15
-4x = 10 + 15
-4x = 25

To get the value of x, we will apply the division property of equality. We have to
divide both sides of the equation by negative four to isolate x in the left side of the
equation.
−4𝑥 = 25
−4𝑥 25
=
−4 −4
𝟐𝟓
𝒙= −
𝟒
25
Since, we have already obtained the value of x which is − 4 , we can now find the
value of y by doing the last step. It states that, “Substitute the value obtained in
second step to any of the original equations to find the value of the other variable”.
We can use either the first equation or the second equation. Let us try to use the
first original equation;
2x + y = −5 Eq. 1
25
2 (− 4 ) + 𝑦 = −5
25
− + 𝑦 = −5
2
25
𝑦 = −5 + 2
−10 + 25
𝑦=
2
𝟏𝟓
𝒚=
𝟐

Let us use the second equation if we can get the same answer with the first
equation.
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10 Eq. 2
25
2 (− 4 ) + 3𝑦 = 10
25
− 2
+ 3𝑦 = 10
25
3𝑦 = 10 + 2
 25
2(3𝑦) = 2(10 + )
2
6𝑦 = 20 + 25
6𝑦 = 45
6𝑦 45
=
6 6
𝟏𝟓
𝒚=
𝟐

We can know if our answers are correct. We will check by substituting the values of
x and y in any of the original equation. Let’s use the first equation.
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −5
25 15
2 (− ) + ( ) = −5
4 2
25 15
− + = −5
2 2
10
− = −5
2
− 5 = −5

Since, -5 is equal to -5, then our answers are correct. Therefore, the solution of the
𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟓
system of linear equations is (− 𝟒 , 𝟐 ).

By following the same steps for numbers 2 to 5:

2. 2y – x = 5 Eq. 1
2y + x = −10 Eq. 2

2y – x = 5
x = −5 + 2y

2y + x = −10
2𝑦 + (−5 + 2𝑦) = −10
4𝑦 = −10 + 5
𝟓
𝒚= −𝟒

2y − x = 5
5
2 (− 4) − 𝑥 = 5
5
−𝑥 =5+ 2
𝟏𝟓
𝒙= − 𝟐

𝟏𝟓 𝟓
The solution set is (− , − 𝟒 ).
𝟐

3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9 Eq. 1
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5. Eq. 2

𝑥+ y = 9
x = 9−y

x−y= 5
9−𝑦−𝑦 =5
− 2𝑦 = 5 − 9
−2𝑦 = −4
𝒚= 𝟐
 x+y=9
𝑥+2=9
𝒙=𝟕

The solution set is (7, 2).

4. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 9 Eq. 1
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4. Eq. 2

𝑥 + 3y = 9
x = 9 − 3y

2x − y = −4
2(9 − 3𝑦) − 𝑦 = −4
18 − 6𝑦 − 𝑦 = −4
18 − 7𝑦 = −4
−7𝑦 = −22
𝟐𝟐
𝒚= 𝟕

x + 3y = 9
66
𝑥+ 7 =9
𝟑
𝒙 = −𝟕

𝟑 𝟐𝟐
The solution set is (− 𝟕, ).
𝟕

5. 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 1 Eq. 1
𝑥 + 𝑦 = −4. Eq. 2

𝑥 − 4y = 1
x = 1 + 4y

x + y = −4
1 + 4𝑦 + 𝑦 = −4
5𝑦 = −5
𝒚 = −𝟏

𝑥 − 4y = 1
𝑥 − 4(−1) = 1
𝑥+4=1
𝒙 = −𝟑

The solution set is (-3, -1).

3. Application
Direction: Simplify the following pairs of linear equations to get the solution sets
by using substitution method.
1. 2x + 2y = 2 Eq. 1
2x + 3y = -2 Eq. 2
2. x + y = -1 Eq. 1
2x + y = -3 Eq. 2
3. x – 2y = 1 Eq. 1
x+y=2 Eq. 2
4. 3x + y = 8 Eq. 1
3x – 2y = 2 Eq. 1
5. x + y = 5 Eq. 1
2x – y = 1 Eq. 2
 4. Generalization
In your activity a while ago, you were able to solve the values of x and y. The
common way we have done in getting the values of x and y was substitution.

Substitution means that we have to replace the value of a certain variable with the
value of the other variable to get its value.

5. Values Integration
A while ago class, we have discussed about the solving systems of linear equations
by substitution.

What word can you associate with the word equation? In connection to our real-
life situation, how are we going to promote equality and prevent inequality?

I can associate it with equality. I can promote equality and prevent inequality by
being fair to everybody in everything that I do. Equality begins with being fair in just
a simple action. It begins in us.

D. Evaluation
Direction: Construct your own five pairs of linear equations using the form ax + by = c,
and use the substitution method to solve for the solution sets, the values of x and y.
Use ½ sheet of paper.

E. Assignment
Direction: Do an advance study about solving linear equations in two variables by using
elimination method. We will have a pre- test next meeting