W1-2-60-1-6

JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015

SECOND YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE

OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECE 2212 : FLUID MECHANICS II

DATE: APRIL 2015 TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS:
YOU SHOULD HAVE THE FOLLOWING IN THIS EXAMINATION
- SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
- ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING FIVE
QUESTIONS
- ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS
- MARKS ARE INDICATED AGAINST EACH QUESTION

QUESTION ONE [20 MARKS]

(a) Working from basic principles, derive the equation for actual discharge
through a vertical venturimeter [6 marks]
(b) A 200x100 mm venturimeter is inset4ed in a vertical pipe conveying oil of
specific gravity 0.8 the flow being in the upward direction. The difference
of levels between the throat and the inlet is 0.5 m. The deflection on a
manometer was 300mm of mercury. Neglecting losses, determine the
discharge. [5 marks]
(c) A five bend of inlet and outlet diameters of 500 mm and 250 mm is
connected to a pipeline conveying oil of density 850 kg/m3 at a rate of
0.45m3/s. the bond turns through an angle ө=450 as shown in figure 1.
The pressure at inlet and outlet of the bond is 40 KN/m2 and 23KN/m2
 respectively. Determine the magnitude an direction of the resultant force
on the band. [9 marks]

QUESTION TWO [20 MARKS]

(a) Explain how hydraulic coefficient in orifices are determined in the
laboratory [8 marks]
(b) A tank has two identical orifices one above the other in one vertical side.
The upper and lower orifices are located at 3m and 5m respectively below
the water surface in the tank. If cu for each orifice is 0.96, determine the
point of intersection of the two jets. [7 marks]
(c) A hemispherical tank of diameter 4m contains water, the surface level being
1.5m above 50mm diameter orifice fitted at the bottom. If Cd=0.6,
determine the time required;
(i) For water level to fall from 1.5m to 1.0m
(ii) To completely empty the tank [5 marks]

QUESTION THREE [20 MARKS]

Figures 2 shows a pipe network and the assumed flows. Using the information
in Table 1, and carrying out ONE correction only on the assumed flows,
determine the flow in each pipe. Take coefficient of friction ‘f’ =0.02 throughout
in Darcy’s equation.
QUESTION FOUR [20 MARKS]
(a) Working from basic principles, derive Darcy’s formula for friction head
loss in pipelines. [7 marks]
(b) A 50m long horizontal pipe line is connected to a water tank at one end
and discharges freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For the first
30m of its length from the tank, the pipe is 150mm in diameter, and its
diameter is suddenly enlarged to 300mm for the reminder of its length . The
height of water level in the tank is 12m above the centerline of the pipe.
Considering all losses of head which occur and taking f=0.01 for the
both pipes;

(i) Determine the discharge

(ii) Draw the hydraulic gradient and total energy [13 marks]
QUESTION FIVE [20 MARKS]
(a) Water at a temperature of 150C flows between two large parallel
horizontal plates at a distance of 1.8mm apart. If the average velocity is
0.2m/s and viscosity of water at 150C is 0.001 Ns/m2, determine:
(i) The maximum velocity
(ii) The pressure drop per unit length
(iii) The shear stress at the walls of the plates. [4 marks]

(b) A steel pipeline 14.5 km long has an internal diameter of 0.9m and a wall
thickness of 16mm. The pipe line flows full and conveys water at a mean
velocity of 2m/s. If a value at the downstream and of the pipeline cannot
move in a longitudinal direction, determine;
(i) the pressure rise, as meters of water,
(ii) the interval expected between succession pressure rises at the value
Take Es = 200x109N/m2 and K water = 2x109N/m2 [6 marks]
(iii)
(c) (i) Define the following terms in boundary layer flow:
- displacement thickness
- momentum thickness
- energy thickness
(ii) Determine the displacement thickness momentum thickness and
energy thickness for the velocity distribution in the boundary layer given
2
u y y
by; U
=2 −
f ()()
f [10 marks]