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The 5’ end
always has
the
phosphate
attached.
3’ 5’
Assignment (in your notebook)
1. Draw the structure of ribose and number the carbons
2. Draw a schematic representation of a nucleotide. Label
the sugar, base and phosphate.
3. What are the complimentary base pairs to a DNA
strand that has the following order A T A C C T G A A T?
4. Draw a schematic representation of an unwound DNA
double helix using the base pairs from your answer in
question 3.
Include the number of hydrogen bonds between each base
pair. Be sure to label all of the bases and the 5’ and 3’ ends
of the structure.
#6. When phosphodiester links
are formed . . .
A. When the covalent bonds are formed between
nucleotides the attach in the direction of 5’→3’
B. The 5’ end of one nucleotide attaches to the 3’ end
of the previous nucleotide
#7. Nucleosome structure
Nucleosome are the basic unit of chromatin
organization
In eukaryotes DNA is associated with proteins
(in prokaryotes the DNA is naked)
Nucleosomes = basic beadlike unit of DNA
packing
Made of a segment of DNA wound around a
protein core that is composed of 2 copies of
each of 4 types of histones
#7. Nucleosome structure
Nucleosomes have:
8 histones in the core
DNA wrapped twice
around the core
One histone holding the
nucleosome together
A DNA ‘linker’
continuing towards the
next nucleosome
#7. Nucleosome structure
The DNA has a negatively charged backbone (because
of the phosphate groups)
The proteins (the histones) are positively charged
The DNA and proteins are electromagnetically
attracted to each other to form chromatin
#8. Genes
Genes=units of genetic information (hereditary
information)
Order of nucleotides make up the genetic code
Genes can contain the information for one
polypeptide
Genes can also regulate how other genes are
expressed
All cells of an organism contain the same genetic
information but they do not all express the same
genes
THIS IS CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Cells differentiate by genes that are activated
#8. Genes
Repetitive sequences-part of the non-coding section
of DNA
Function-unknown
Can be used in DNA profiling (DNA fingerprinting)