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Theses and Dissertations
1-1-1983
Recommended Citation
Stumpp, Douglas C., "Deflection of prestressed concrete beaks." (1983). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1933.
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DEFLECTION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAKS
by
Douglas C. Stumpp
A Thesis
of Lehigh University
Master of Science
in
Civil Engineeering
Lehigh University
1983
ProQuest Number: EP76206
In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript
and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed,
a note will indicate the deletion.
uest
ProQuest EP76206
Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author.
ProQuest LLC.
789 East Eisenhower Parkway
P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
Chairman of Department
11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank Dr. Ti Huang for his supervision
particular, Mr. Peter Keating for his help with the figures and Mr.
D. KcDuff.
111
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
ABSTRACT 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Background 2
1.2 Objectives 3
1-3 Definitions and Sign Convention 3
2. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK 5
2.1 Current Methods to Compute Deflections 5
2.2'General Procedure to Estimate Prestress Losses 7
2.3 Assumptions 8
3. VARIATION IN PRESTRESS FORCE ALONG THE SPAN 11
3.1 Straight Tendons 13
3-2 Parabolic Tendons 14
3-3 Additional Discussion 14
4- EXTENSION OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM 16
4.1 Curvature Approximation 16
4-2 Calculation of Kidspan Deflection 16
4.3 Correction for Harped Tendons 17
4-4 Modifications to the Computer Program 21
5. EXAMPLES AND COMPARISON OF RESULTS 23
5.1 Deflections of an Existing Bridge'Girder 23
5.2 An Idealized Example 24
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 25
TABLES . 27
FIGURES 32
REFERENCES 44
APPENDIX A. NOTATION 45
APPENDIX B. PROCEDURE TO ESTIMATE PRESTRESS LOSSES 47
APPENDIX C. DERIVATION OF EQUATIONS 52
C.1 Parabolic Fit of Curvature Diagram 52
C2 Midspan Deflection By Moment-Aree 53
C3 Correction Factor R^ 53
VITA 55
IV
List of Tables
VI
AESTRACT
concrete member.
compare results..
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
consider the deflections of the roof beams. Even when the beams are
estimate the prestress losses end the concrete strains at any time.
1.2 Objectives
beam.
ere as follows:
Prestress: Prestress is defined as the stress in steel and
post-tensioning.
negative.
2. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK
The simplest method considers only two stages— the initial and
ultimate stages [ij. The initial stage occurs at transfer when the
prestress force is P^. The ultimate stage occurs after all losses
when the prestress force is Pe. Prestress losses are ell lumped
where
A„
pe = the deflection due to P_.
e
i_,-
pi = the deflection due to P;l .
Ap = deflection due to all sustained loads,
including selfweight.
upward cember. Note also that in the second term the creep effect
step, the change in curvature due to prestress loss and creep strain
sections along the spari, the curvature diagram for a given time can
detail. That is, the creep and shrinkage behavior of the particular
prestress losses are accounted for. In the first method, the total
7
2.3 Assumptions
* = (2-2)
h
vhere
deflection (camber).
It is important to note that the linear concrete stress-strain
The concrete strain, on the other hand, will increase with time as
creep occurs. Obviously, the linearity will not hold among values
at different times.
Simple Beams
the additional selfweight moment, and analyzing the new span by the
general procedure.
Uncracked Behavior
prestress and sustained loads. Live load effects are not included
because they do not affect the long-term behavior of the beam. When
grouting (post-tensioning).
Parabolic Tendon Profile
parabolic over the entire span. This assumption was used previously
the tendon profile is not needed for loss estimation but is needed
4.3.
10
5. VARIATION IN PRESTRESS FORCE ALONG THE SPAN
One of the primary concerns in this study was the effect of the
curvature diagram and hence the deflection of the beam. This can
One of the first tasks of this study, then, was to determine the
support and st midspan for the ten cases shown in Table 1. The
over the 100 year life of the beam. The worst case was case 2 — a
maximum prestress variation for this case was 7.11 % after 100
years.
span. For this reason, case 2 was repeated using upper bound
acceptable.
The data for the ten cases shows that the tendon profile
12
3-1 Straight Tendons
The reasoning was that the increased steel force at midspan caused
p t0 be
mid gre£ter tha
* PSup-
and midspan sections for the sample beam cases 1 and 2. At transfer
(scrm ^ s
crs'"
13
3.2 Parabolic Tendons
tensile stresses in the top fibers at the support. The more uniform
versus time for the midspan and support sections for case 5 (no
slab) and case 6 (slab at 40 days). For both of these cases the
prestress force at the support. For case 5 the midspan and support
prestress decrease at about the same rate. When the additional slab
load is added in case 6, the prestress loss is reduced and the rate
appears satisfactory.
program was used to compute the total curvature at the quarter point
H
then 2 percent difference after 100 years. Parabolic tendons showed
15
4. EXTENSION OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM
needed to define the curve. The curvatures of the two supports and
applied loading of the beam, the curvatures of the two supports are
16
solution
L2
A = —- (*1 + 5*2) (4-1)
48
vhere
where
including selfweight.
17
ip u = deflection due to harped tendons.
Rt = (4-3)
iPrP
where
en< Ere
The terms ^prw ^ ^"PrP determined by moment area
obtain:
where
18
subscripts 1 and 2 denote support end midspan
sections, respectively,
L = span length.
be
5L2
4D = -— *D2 (4-6)
48
L2
&PrP = —- [*Pr1 + 5 *Pr2] (4-7)
48
L2
ApsP = -— [*ps1 + 5 <t>Ps2] (4-8)
48
where
=
0^2 niidspan curvature due to all sustained loads.
19
That is
+
*1 " *Pr1 *Ps1 ^-9)
= + +
*2 *D2 *Pr2 *Ps2 (^1°)
vhere
L2
+
4T = —- [*1 + 5*2 + £{(Bt - D(*Pr1 5*Pr2)l] (4-11)
48
Note that the summation in equation (4-11) allows the use of several
losses.
20
pretensioned curvature at any section can be found by
vhere
creep in concrete.
the midspan section. For any time, the section is analyzed using
concrete strains at the top and bottom of the beam using the stress-
21
to provide the total curveture of the support end midspan sections.
22
5. EXAMPLES AND COMPARISON OF RESULTS
several bridge girders with 86 feet spans. The girders were made of
neesured date points lying below the computed curve. This can be
the loss estimation procedure used here, the concrete losses were
camber upon casting the slab (Figure 11). It may be expected that
proposed procedure.
23
5.2 An Idealized Example
the beam shown in Figure 10. This beam has e span of 65 feet and is
term deflections.
24
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
along the span was performed. For any prestressed beam, this
the beam. For parabolic and straight tendons, the curvature diagram
principles.
the concrete strains and total curvatures of the midspan and support
25
perticuler concrete. Also, program F0UR02 could be further enhanced
concrete with time. This modification could take the form of a time
accepted as input.
measurements over a period of many years. From this date, the true
26
TABLES
27
ase Tensioning Number of Tendon Profile Additional
Kode(s) Strands d
1 d2 Loads
28
_d
29
iiisCfitiL'tiiiuotit! Si l'oii.s-Slrn In Kc l.'it lon.sli 11>
-0.4229
I .2.1.952
A 1.1.
A = -0. 1.7027
Miuuif jictururs
in ksi
51
FIGURES
32
— IX .- "A
POSITIVE DEFLECTION
Y
cg.c. M
X A
Y;
"o
o O
oo oo
33
Te~ :*—P P
TT
Pconstant varies
(b) 0r (e)
(0 0T (f)
parabolic assumed
parabolic
34
50.80
12.20
Tensioning Stress f
pi " 0-70 fpu = 165.5 ksi
35
1400-
1300
MIDSPAN W/SLAB (CASE 2)
LU
O
(Z
O
if) 1200
O)
LJ
DC
I- SUPPORT (CASES IS2)
V)
LU
CC
0_ 1100
MIDSPAN W/0 SLAB (CASED
1000 _L
10 100 1000 10000
TIME AFTER TRANSFER ( days - log scale )
c
re
H
m o
i
< CO
c
H-
w
> ■a
MIDSPAN W/0 SL
rr o
H- H 3J
o
3 m H
33
O
<-ti o
*d >
i-l 33 CO
re
en > m
CO.
rr
i-(
2: ///
re CO
eo
en "n
m _ > no ///.■
70 o CD -"
o ///
Ik
Q.
Q
—
>
CO
m y//\
///
Pi
I //
H
o" i n
o
re
3
O
3
CO
o
Q
—
o
l\. 1' CO
-p
>
W o "" 2
03 o
// \
CO
/ / r
>
CD
/
O
// >
CO
m
//
o 1 ro
o / / *-^
o
o - / /
SUPPORT LOADS MIDSPAN
(a) (b) (c)
( + ) TENSION
37
1400
SUPPORT (CASES 5 8 6)
\5Z
1300
MIDSPAN W/SLAB ( CASE 6 )
UJ
O
tr
o
U_
»w 1200
CO
UJ
or
H
CO
UJ
cc
QI 1100
MIDSPAN W/0 SLAB ( CASE 5 )
1000 _L
10 100 1000 loooo
TIME AFTER TRANSFER ( days - log scale )
c
(D
H
1
m
o >
3
O
~n
i-n H
V
m
I 33
ra
co
rr
H
H
TO 33
CO
tn >
-z.
"1 en
i-l ~n
o
ra m
33
(T
ra a.
1 Q
TJ *<
a t/>
n
a4 i
a _
0
i-" o
o (O
H 0)
ra O
3
e.
a
o CD
3
CO *«^
ur
i i i i t i i rm
P~T
H >]*> H
0, *l
0T
02
A A
| C B ,t
i r
A L
=tLA/r
A/C
= ^(0,+
48 502)
39
c.g.c. £_
*w
0Pr2
L/2
40
■L.'H-""i
C.E.C .
eg. s, Tl4.3" 3
6.2 " V4-~ i_j"
3@2"i \ss,4—r
-I Cut .
£- L
34.5'- — 17' 34.; 3k
25"
86' 45"
II
84 Shi I
6"
o o«*>o o
8" diaphrans ^j f\ | " 5(=2" OOOO&OOO
oooocooo 8" i
1
£ 29' froa __i I_
supports L_7(?2"J
•— 19" —
^—
153 . ° Straight strands
41
22 STRAIGHT TENDONS
/
\VSVv
38' ■Wro
,5.80" 65'
Lc±b=f
f si• = 0.75
-'-^ f pu
Transfer occurs at 2 days after curing.
42
-'4.0 -
— -3.0
CO
LJ
X FOUR02
o O MEASURED
- -2.0^
.0
j_£L
100 200 300 400 500 600
TIME (DAYS)
FOUR02
+ I.0
100 200 300 400 500 600
TIME (DAYS)
Figure 12: Results of Example 2- Idealized Beam
43
A ( INCHES) A (INCHES)
+ o i • l
b b o b
•T)
(-"•
0»)
e
H c
0)
o o
I\J
o o
w
(B
en
C
N>
CD
CO
c ro
o
H- O
rn O o
H c-t-
rn
o — H °
■Pv
KJ)
^s
wm
o
"I
—
S
m
g O 1
1
i
H
01
o
ID O
O 1 | *rt
M **""•* o o
(D
W> o
-v ■n —&
1 -<
45>
w o
m c:
1
5 m o
> c
D. « » • O 4,
(D O > 70 4
—^ o
ftl
M
O s: ©
ro o C ®
H'
N TOro
to m
O. d
tri
(B o Ol
fD o
•i o
O
8^ so
r
EEFERENCES
44
APPENDIX A. NOTATION
L = span length.
positive.
positive.
sustained loads.
=
Wc ^EDSen'tial deviation of point C with respect to point A.
(See figure 7)
45
z = distance from support to the harping point of pretension
stages.
A = midspan deflection.
selfweight.
<t> = curvature, in .
selfweight.
46
APPENDIX B. PROCEDURE TO ESTIMATE PRESTRESS LOSSES
f f +
s = pu Ul h Ss +
h Ss
- [B1 + B2 loe(t8+l)]SB (E-1)
- [B3 + B4 log(ts+l)]s^}
of steel, in ksi.
Ss = steel strain, in 10
47
The coefficients A and B, which were obtained by a regression
s =
c -cifc +
tDi + D
2 lo
e(tc+0]
+ [E1 + E2 log(tc-ts1+l)j - fcE3 (B-2)
-E4(fc " E f
sdi) ioe(tc-t8l+D
positive,
48
coefficients, represents shrinkage, and the remaining terms vith E
cover ell stress increments vhich have already taken place at the
aTe
The stress increments fsA± evaluated by en iterative
ana
Here
49
initial jacking strein. For post-tensioned tendons, evaluation of
by adding Ss^ end SQ^ et time ts^, and is maintained constant for
where:
The integrations are over the net concrete area and the summations
ere over all steel elements which have already been tensioned and
50
A linear distribution of concrete stresses (corresponding to a
+
fc = g1 e2y (B-7)
that the steel stress in any given element, fs{, can be expressed as
f R + E
si = 1i 2ifci + R
3ifci (B-8)
integrating,
A + E f e
§1 < si si> = "P (£-9)
by back substitution.
51
APPENDIX C. DERIVATION OF EQUATIONS
where
0 •= the curvature.
a,
3
1 = *
^11 (C-2)
4 (*2 - *1)
a2 (C-3)
L
-4 (*2 - *,)
a5 . ------ (C-4)
52
C.2 Midspan Deflection By Moment-Ares
t
A/C = I <£z dz = I (a1 + a^z + s-jz2) '-z dz (C-5)
L/2 L/2
L2
& = (*1 + 5*2) (4-1)
48
C3 Correction Factor E.
Ey applying the moment-area method to the harped curvature
1
=
*PrH ' [8*pr1z2 +
*Pr2(6L2 - 8z2)] (C-6)
48
Substituting (C-6) and (4-8) into (4-3) and reducing gives equation
(4-4).
53
- Pr Prery
fc = — I - -T-T— (C-7)
A J
c c
where
is positive.
the form
Sc = Q1 - Q2fc (C-8)
vhere
• The top and bottom fiber strains are computed using (C-7) end
=
*Pr (4~12)
100 ic
54
VITA
The author was born to Charles end Elizabeth Sturapp in New York
55