Renewable

Energy
Systems

1st Sem. By:

M.Tech. Dr.Siddharth Joshi
Electrical Assistant Professor
Engineering EED SoT PDPU
 Content for Unit 1
• Introduction of Renewable energy sources.
• Basics of Energy, Unit Conversions.
• World energy use, Reserves of energy resources, Environmental
aspects of energy utilization.
• Renewable energy scenario in India, Potentials.
• Achievements, Applications, Concept of energy conservations.
• Types of renewable energy sources and energy numerical.
• Video lecture documentary 1 & 2.
What is energy???
 Energy
• Energy is the cause behind the motion of
particles or objects. Energy is the capability to
produce motion of particles or objects.
• Energy is the capability to produce motion,
force, work, change in shape, change in form
etc.
 Origin of energy
adopted from Greek language

ENERGY

Ergon means
En means IN
Work

So en-ergon means in work or work content later

forms the word energy
 Energy in various forms
• Chemical energy
• Nuclear energy
• Solar energy
• Mechanical energy
• Electrical energy
• Internal energy of the body
• Bio energy in vegetables and animals
• Thermal energy
 Nature of Energy

• Energy is all around you!

– You can hear energy as sound.
– You can see energy as light.
– And you can feel it as wind.
 Nature of Energy
• You use energy
when you:
– hit a softball.
– lift your book
bag.
– Compress a
spring.
 Nature of Energy

• Energy is involved when:

– a bird flies.
– a bomb explodes.
– rain falls from the sky.
– electricity flows in a wire.
 Example I
• Green plants capture solar energy and convert it in to
food and fuel which contains chemical energy.

• We also observe the energy links. (Generation of an

electricity using any power plants i.e. wind power,
hydro, solar, nuclear etc) (Eg. Generation Magnetic-
Mechanical Motion and finally Electrical)
 Example II
Chemical Thermal Mechanical Electrical
energy in energy of energy of energy from
coal steam turbine generator

Energy exists in several forms. Energy transformations are responsible for

various activities.
Energy cannot be used directly

Primary Intermediate Secondary

Energy Energy Energy

Means we cannot use coal to drive the machine directly

likewise petroleum etc
However some natural matters can be directly used for final
consumption e.g. coal as a fuel, fire wood as a fuel

Some renewable can be converted in to electrical e.g. Wind

energy
 Total Generation capacity
• The electricity sector in India had an installed
capacity of 225.133 GW as of May 2013.
• The utility electricity sector in India had an installed
capacity of 303 GW as of 30 June 2016.
• The utility electricity sector in India has one national
grid with an installed capacity of 357.875 GW as of
30 June 2019.
 Other classification of
energy
• Commercial energy
– Electricity, coal, refined petroleum products
• Non-commercial energy
– Firewood, cattle dung, agricultural wastes
• Renewable
– Sources inexhaustible : wind, geothermal, tidal
– Harness without release of harmful pollutants
• Non-renewable energy
– Coal, oil, gas
– It will Deplete with time
 Energy
• Energy – Coal, Natural Gas, Oil, Electricity

Law of conservation of energy: No one produce
energy, no one consumes energy. The amount of
energy in the whole universe remains the same.
• We don’t have to conserve energy, nature does it for
us.
 Energy Technologies
• Steam engine could convert the heat energy from
a burning fuel into mechanical energy.
• Chula for cooking food
• Gas stove
• Light-bulbs, fan, washing machine, refrigerator,
car, computers
• A particular technology require particular fuel
– Car - petrol
– Fan – electricity
Primary and Secondary Energy
Sources
1 kcal = 0.001163 kWh
Comparison of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy
Sources

Renewable Sources Non-Renewable Sources

Inexhaustible sources Exhaustible sources

Non-traditional in use Traditional in use

New methods are being developed to Widely used as energy sources

use these sources

Efforts are taken to make vast use of Efforts are taken to conserve them.
these resources

Hydel, solar, wind, tidal and Fossil fuels, nuclear fuels and natural
geothermal gas

Non-depletable, available in vast Likely to be depleted, have limited

quantities availability
• Thermal energy is the energy Wood
which is stored as the heat
energy in the fossil fuels. Coal
Solid Fuels
Coke
• Fossil fuels are the fuels
obtainable from earth that Charcoal
have been accumulated over

Fossil Fuels
thousand and thousands of Diesel
years by the decaying of Liquid Fuels Petrol
plants.
Kerosene
• These fuels produce heat
when burnt. Coal gas

LPG
• Heat energy is used in Gaseous Fuels
transportation and electrical LNG
liquefied natural gas
power generation. (LNG)
Biogas
Energy Distribution Between Developed and Developing Countries
Per Capita Energy
Consumption
The per capita energy
consumption is too low for India
as compared to developed
countries.

The per capita consumption is

likely to grow in India with
growth in economy thus
increasing the energy demand.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
GDP is monetary measure of the market value of all the final (finished) goods and
services produced in a given period of time. (annually or quarterly)

GDP is used to determine the economic performance of a whole country and to make
international comparisons.

World oil and gas reserves are estimated at just 45 years and 65 years
respectively. Coal is likely to last a little over 200 years
 Climate and Development
Indicators: India, China, US and EU
Human Development Index and
Electricity Consumption
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Energy Distribution Between Developed and Developing Countries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_consumption

• India ranks fourth in power consumption 1,408,624,400,000 [ in kW·h/yr ] {1408

GW unit}
• India ranks approximately 130 in per capita (1122 unit/year)
• 128 watts per person

• Electric energy per capita [ in watt-hour ] = Total population

electricity consumption [ in kW·h/yr ] * 1,000 /population.
• Electric power per capita [ in watt ] = Total population electricity
consumption [ in kW·h/yr ] * 0.114077116 /population.
• 1 kW·h/yr = 1,000 Wh/(365.25 x 24)h = 0.11408 Watt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)
 Energy Intensity (FYI)
 
Energy Intensity 


• It is measure of efficiency in utilizing energy in developing national economy.

• Energy intensity indicates amounts of resources are used in converting
resources

Factors affecting energy intensity are:

• Energy efficiency of appliances and buildings by proper design.
• Fuel economy of vehicles
• Frequency of travel and larger geographical distances
• Economical means and pattern of transportation
• Availability of mass transit and its utilization
• Efforts to conserve energy
• Weather conditions (requirement of heating or cooling).
 Energy Elasticity (FYI)

!"   #$

Energy Elasticity 


• Energy should contribute in increasing GDP.

• Energy elasticity indicates amounts of growth in
GDP.
• For developed country its values is from 0.8 to 1.0. For India it
is 1.2. Hence there is scope of improvement in efficiency of
energy consumption and energy saving.
 Conventional reserves
•Distinguish between “resources” and “proved reserves”

•The term resources implies an estimate of the total

quantity available that may eventually be successfully
exploited and used by man.

•The term proved reserves generally refers to that

portion of the sources which has been proved to exist
and can be economically recovered with available
techniques.
 Renewable and Non-
Renewable Energy
• Renewable energy is
energy obtained from
sources that are
essentially inexhaustible.
• Examples of renewable
resources include wind
power, solar power,
geothermal energy, tidal
power and hydroelectric
power.
 Renewable and Non-
Renewable Energy
• Non-renewable energy
is the conventional
fossil fuels such as coal,
oil and gas, which are
likely to deplete with
time.
Unit Systems
 Units and Conversions

• The energy units are wide and varied.

• The usage of units varies with country, industry sector, systems
such as
FPS = Foot (length) Pound (Weight) Second (Time)
CGS = Centimeter (length) Gram (Weight) Second (Time)
MKS = Meter (length) Kiliogram (Weight) Second (Time)
 SI = (Systeme Internationale, or International System)

• past generation using FPS and recent generations using MKS.

 Units and Conversions
What is the difference between MKS system of units and SI system of units?
• The MKS system of units is the fundamental core of the SI of measurement.
• As various fields grow new forms of measurements based on MKS, terms or
exact definitions may vary in different scientific or engineering disciplines.
• These inconsistencies are sorted out by the international committee that defines
the SI system of units and keeps it up to date.
• So the MKS is the static core, and the SI is the evolving, growing system of metric
measurement.

• Even technology/equipment suppliers adopt units that are different from the one
being used by the user of that technology/equipment.
• For example some compressor manufacturers specify output in m3/min while
some specify in cubic feet/minute or even in litres/second.
• All this cause confusion and hence the need for this chapter on units and
conversions. Taken from presentation of Dr. Bhinal Mehta
 Units and Conversions
1 pound (lb) is equal to 453.59237 grams (g).

The British thermal unit

(Btu or BTU) is a traditional unit of
heat; it is defined as the amount of
heat required to raise the
temperature of one pound of water
by one degree Fahrenheit.

lb is an abbreviation of the Latin

word libra. The primary meaning of
libra was balance or scales (as in the
astrological sign), but it also stood
for the ancient Roman unit of
measure libra pondo, meaning “a
pound by weight.”
 Energy engineering
Some FACTS and Data
 Some energy consumption data….
• The construction of an average car consumes the energy equivalent of
approximately 20 barrels (840 gallons) of oil. Ultimately, the
construction of a car will consume an amount of fossil fuels equivalent
to twice the car’s final weight.

• It's also worth noting that the construction of an average car consumes
almost 120,000 gallons of fresh water. Fresh water is also rapidly
depleting and happens to be absolutely essential to the petroleum
refining process as each gallon of gasoline requires almost two gallons
of fresh water for refining.

• The construction of the average desktop computer consumes ten times

its weight in fossil fuels.

• Keep in mind that the manufacturing of one ton of cement requires 4.7
million BTUs of energy, which is the amount contained in about 45
gallons of oil or 420 pounds of coal.
 Energy consumption ..
some examples
•Microchips /computers:

The production of one gram of microchips consumes 630 grams of

fossil fuels. According to the American Chemical Society, the
construction of single 32 megabyte DRAM chip requires 3.5 pounds
of fossil fuels in addition to 70.5 pounds of water.

The Environmental Literacy Council tells us that due to the "purity

and sophistication of materials (needed for) a microchip, . . . the
energy used in producing nine or ten computers is enough to produce
an automobile."
 Energy Facts

• $1 invested in more efficient electrical appliances can save up to

$3.50.
• Around 80% of the global energy mix comes from fossil fuels.
• Around 80% of China’s electricity comes from coal-fired power
plants.
• Transportation fuels account for two-thirds of global oil
consumption.
• With some 900 billion tons left, coal is the most abundant fossil
fuel.
 Trends of Energy
Consumption
• Energy is the important input in all the sectors of
any country’s economy. Standard of living can be
directly related with the per capita energy
consumption.
• Energy crisis is due to two main reasons:
 The population of the world has been increased
rapidly.
 Standard of living of human beings has been
increased.
 Trends of Energy
Consumption cont…
• If we take annual capita income of various
countries and plot them against the per energy
consumption it will give us basic idea about
prosperity of nation and their living standards.
• If you can compare the present energy scenario of
developed and under developed countries this
thing has been proved.
• The per capita income in U.S.A. is about 50 times
more than the per capita income of India and so…
 Per capita comparison
• Also per capita energy consumption. The per
capita energy consumption in USA is 8000kWh
per year where as in India is 150kWh.
• U.S.A. with only 7% of the world population can
consume 32% of the total energy of the world.
• Where as India 20% of the population of whole
world can consume 1% of the total energy
consumption.
• So it will generate global energy disparity… 
 Global energy….disparity
(inequality)
• Developing nations account for more than 80 per cent of world
population, but consume only about one-third of the world’s energy.
• World-wide, 2 billion people are without access to electricity or other
modern energy supplies and continue to use traditional solid fuels for
cooking.
• Per capita consumption of primary energy in the United States (330
gigajoules) is eight times as high as in Sub-Saharan Africa (40
gigajoules when both commercial and traditional energy are included).
Consumption in South Asia is even lower.
Energy consumption pattern
Country Commercial Energy Electricity
(TOE)/Person (kWh)/Person
India 0.5 355
China 0.9 827
Germany 4.1 5, 963
Japan 4.1 7, 628
USA 8.1 12, 331
 A case – energy
consumption in 2007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_consumption
Sector wise Energy
Consumption 2007
Energy conversion
Some specific numerical
with set of data

Energy and energy consumption

One is in W and other is in watt hour
Find the percentage of motor loading at given instant.
 Sweden to Go Oil-
Oil-Free

• Sweden has a decent head start—about 26

percent of its energy already comes from
renewable resources (the EU average is 6
percent)—and plans to meet its goal by using
biofuels, along with wave and wind power, to
generate the needed electricity, rather than
relying on new nuclear plants, which already
supply half of the country's electricity.
Lets discuss about some papers so one can take a break from these data ☺☺
Main Challenges
 Carbon dioxide levels

• Scientists at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii

say that CO2 levels in the atmosphere now stand at
387 parts per million (ppm), up almost 40% since the
industrial revolution and the highest for at least the
last 650,000 years.
This figure takes geologist M. King Hubbert’s famous “peak” curve, which correctly
anticipated the peak in U.S. oil production in the early 1970s. And applies it to future
world oil production. World oil production through the year 2000 is shown as heavy dots.
The dashed lines on the right show the probable rates if the ultimate discoverable oil is 1.8
trillion barrels (the area under the lower curve) or 2.1 trillion barrels (upper curve).
(World-Watch March-April 2002)
The world oil stock
A challenge towards
climate change…..
Global Warming
Terrible Heat !!!
Alternative..
How Global Warming Works

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

 Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.

This energy (heat)

is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.
 Difference
GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGE
is the increase of the is a broader term
Earth’s average surface that refers to long-
temperature due to a term changes in
build-up of greenhouse climate, including
gases in the average
atmosphere. temperature and
precipitation.
Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature

Habitat Damage and

Species Affected Changes in Water Supply
 Portage Glacier
• Alaska

1914 2004

Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch – WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org

 Colorado River
• Arizona

June 2002 Dec 2003

 Athabasca Glacier has been
receding since the Little Ice Age
The Yellow River Source Ice Lake Outburst
Comparison - Halong Glacier
Andrew - Glacier
Global warming pictorial from
the BBC
Himalayan glaciers
Himalayas
Global warming
Why is global warming
happening?
Burning of Fossil Fuels

Pollution from coal,

natural gas, and oil
How rapidly are we
running out of fossil
fuels?
Billion Barrel of Oil Equivalent
4000

3500

3000

2500
shale
2000 coal
gas
1500
oil

1000

500

0
Pollution per GDP (Gross
Domestic Product)
China

India

US
Carbon Dioxide Emission
 Certainties
 Existence of natural greenhouse
effect
 Greenhouse gases increasing
 Temperature increasing
 1998 the hottest in at least 1000 years
and now it is 2005.
 Sea levels rising
 4 -10” over century
 Uncertainties

 Timing of atmospheric warming,

glaciers

 The effects of increased cloudiness

 Uneven health and ecological impacts

 Unanticipated events (Fig)

Effects of global warming

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Rising of sea level
 Energy absorbed by sea
• Heat absorbed by
oceans in decade has
increased 6 watt/year
per square meter.
• One watt year means
31536000 Joules.
• Earth absorbs 0.85 watt
per square meter
 People at Risk from
a 44 cm sea-level rise by 2080
Assuming 1990s Level of Flood Protection

Source: R. Nicholls, Middlesex University in the U.K. Meteorological Office. 1997. Climate Change and Its
Impacts: A Global Perspective.
Sea-level transgression scenarios for Bangladesh

Adapted from Milliman et al. (1989).

Melting of alpine glaciers
1941 and 2004
Receding Gangotri Glacier

Forest Research
Institute
Dehradun, faculty
Mr. Champeon
had done
remarkable work
regarding glacier
study
Snow melting in polar
regions
Melting of Ice Caps
 Other impacts
 Tropical diseases, insects move north
 Loss of agricultural land
 End of ecosystems that cannot shift
 Future goals?

 Reduce CO2 emissions, change

economy
 World-wide shift to non-fossil energy
 Increased energy efficiency
IF NOT THEN CONDITION
OF THE EARTH IS LIKE …
 Go green or
Die young!!!
Ha ha ha

HELP
If not
stopped
then??
Solution
It’s time to fight
with Global
Warming:
Shifting Gears

Renewable Energy
Sources
 PLUS

Energy
Conservation
Energy Conservation and
its importance
Renewable energy
scenario in India,
Potentials
778
REQUIRED CAPACITY ADDITION IN INDIA BY 2031

1207
2031-32 962
762

785
2026-27 655
543 9% GDP

510 8% GDP
2021-22 445
387 7% GDP

331
2016-17 303
276

212
2011-12 206 Installed Capacity in GW
197

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Gujarat - 23.88 GW 9% Growth 113 GW
Odisha - 6.50 GW 9% Growth 33 GW
 Electrical Energy Generation
in India - 2013

69% from 147 GW

Non-Renewable

212 GW
31% from 65 GW
Renewable
 Our Energy Target

Present (2013)
Target
status Projected energy
212 GW demand (2031)
1207 GW

Ratio =5.7
 Coal = 122
69% from
Oil and Gas = 20
Non-Renewable
Nuclear = 5
147 GW
147 GW

Hydro = 40
31% from
Renewable
Renewables = 25
(Small hydro, Biomass, Wind, Solar
65 GW 4 + 3 + 17 + 1 )
65 GW

Total = 212 GW

Data Source http://powermin.nic.in/indian_electricity_scenario/introduction.htm

 Present status Projected energy
demand in 2031
Target
212 GW
1207 GW
Nuclear 5GW Nuclear 29 GW
Non renewable 838 GW
Oil &Gas 20GW X 5.7 Oil & Gas 114 GW
69%-147 GW
Coal 122GW Coal 695 GW

Wind 97 GW
Wind 17 GW
Solar 6 GW
Solar 1 GW 371 GW
Renewable
X 5.7 Biomass & small hydro
31%-65 GW Biomass & small hydro 7 40 GW
GW
Hydro 228 GW
Hydropower 40

Total=1209GW
Potential of Wind Power In India
as well as World
and Possibilities Future Scope
 Share of RE in Overall Power
Generation Capacity (MW) India
Energy Resources for Electricity
Generation

Taken from ppt of Dr. Naran Pindoriya, IITGN

Wind and Solar Energy Sources

Taken from ppt of Dr. Naran Pindoriya, IITGN

Installed capacity of Renewable Sources

Taken from ppt of Dr. Naran Pindoriya, IITGN

 Renewable energy in India

Source Generation in MW over the years (2010 to 2016) in India

Years
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Solar 10.28 35.15 941.24 1686.44 2631.96 4878.88 9012.69
Wind 11929.25 14155.85 17352.66 19051.46 21136.4 25088.19 28700.44
Biomass 2199.63 2664.63 3135.33 3601.03 4013.55 4450.55 7856.94
Small Hydro
2735.42 3042.92 3395.33 3632.25 3803.7 4176.83 4333.86
power
Thermal 1,01,100 1,11,380 1,31,282 1,51,101 1,68,361 1,88,898 189047.9
Hydro 36,863 37,567 38,990 39,491 40,531 41,267 44,413
Nuclear 4,560 4,780 4,780 4,780 4,780 5,780 5,780
Potential of Solar resources in
India and global
• The largest increments in 2017 were recorded in China (53
GW) and the US (11 GW), together accounting for two-thirds
of the growth in global solar capacity. Japan provided the third
largest addition (7 GW). China also leads in terms of
cumulative installed capacity (130 GW), with one-third of the
global total. The US (51 GW) and Japan (49 GW) are in
second and third with Germany (42 GW) now in fourth.
Potential of Solar resources in
India and global
• Solar power generation enjoyed another year of very rapid
growth in 2015, with a 35% increase. Its overall share of
global power generation remains low (1.7%), but that share
has more doubled in just three years. Solar is starting to have a
noticeable impact in terms of sources of power generation
growth, contributing nearly 20% of the growth of global power
in 2017.
• Current potential of the solar power is approx 21.65 GW
installed capacity as on 31st March, 2018 and total installed
capacity 344GW as on 30th June, 2018.
REQUIRED CAPACITY ADDITION IN INDIA BY 2031

1207
2031-32 962
762

785
2026-27 655
543 9% GDP

8% GDP
510
2021-22 445
387 7% GDP

331
2016-17 303
276

212
2011-12 206
Installed Capacity in GW
197

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

 Electrical Energy Generation
in India - 2013

69% from 147 GW

Non-Renewable

212 GW
31% from 65 GW
Renewable
 Our Energy Target

Present (2013)
Target
status Projected energy
212 GW demand (2031)
1207 GW

Ratio =5.7
 Electrical Energy Generation
in India - 2016

71.1% from 218 GW

Non-Renewable
307.28 GW
as of 31
October
2016
28.9% from 88 GW
Renewable
 Electrical Energy Generation
in India - 2018

66.77% from 227.62 GW

Non-Renewable

344 GW as
of 30th
June2016
33.23% from 114.31 GW
Renewable
 Our Energy Target
Present (2016)
status
Target
307.28 Projected energy
demand (2031)
GW 1207 GW

Ratio =4
 Where we are right now?

Present (2018)
Target
status Projected energy
344 GW demand (2031)
1207 GW
Global electricity generation
from renewable

2010 Projection 2035

2.7
Energy resources of the world
Global installed biomass plant
capacity
2011 Growth 72 GW

5%

2030 Projection 270 GW

World Energy Consumption
Global Electricity Generation by Type
Sector wise energy scenario USA
World Energy Scenario
 Global Scenario
The correlation between electricity consumption and social as
well as economic development is bi-directional. The probable
factors responsible for significant increase in the total
demand for electricity worldwide are

urbanization,
industrialization
rise in per capita consumption
economic growth
increasing prosperity
spread of energy access

This rising demand has lead to the imbalance of energy

supply and demand.
demand.
…Global Scenario
International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts that the primary
energy demand will increase by 1.5 % per year across the
world.

This will increase the oil consumption by 40% i.e. from 12,000
million tones of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in 2014 to 16,800 Mtoe
by 2030.[1]-[3]

Thus
 growing demand for electrical energy,
 rapid increase in fossil fuel cost throughout the world
 environmental concerns

have created an urgent need for the renewable energy sources

for electricity generation.
 Global Energy Scenario future projections

Energy Outlook
• The Energy Outlook explores the forces shaping the global
energy transition out to 2040 and the key uncertainties
surrounding that transition.

• The Outlook considers a number of different scenarios. These

scenarios are not predictions of what is likely to happen or what
BP would like to happen. Rather, they explore the possible
implications of different judgements and assumptions by
considering a series of “what if” experiments. The scenarios
consider only a tiny sub-set of the uncertainty surrounding
energy markets out to 2040; they do not provide a
comprehensive description of all possible future outcomes.
• There are two main types of electric cars: plug-in hybrids (PHEVs)
and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), with roughly equal amounts of
PHEVs and BEVs by 2040.
• PHEVs contain both a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE)
and an electric motor, and run on a combination of oil and
electricity from the grid.
• PHEVs are broadly equally powered by electricity and oil.
• In contrast, BEVs are powered solely by electricity.

• The efficiency of the global car improves by 2-3% p.a. during the
Outlook, significantly faster than the past 15 years, driven by
tightening regulations and government targets.
• In the EU, new cars in 2040 are likely to be around 70% more
efficient than in 2000.
• A typical new ICE passenger car in the EU by 2040 consumes around
3 litres per 100km, compared with 5 litres today and 7 litres in 2000.
Global & Indian Scenario
Renewables:
Solar & Wind
Total 260 GW
Wind Scenario
 Wind Energy Global Outlook

Among the various renewable energy sources, wind energy

has been recognized as the most promising means of
electrical power generation.
generation.

In a collaboration between the IEA, the Global Wind Energy

Council (GWEC), Greenpeace International and the German
Aerospace Centre, three scenarios have been developed by
World Energy Outlook:

New Policies scenario (as a base line)

GWEO Moderate scenario and
GWEO Advanced scenario

Source: Global Wind Energy Council, “Global Wind Energy Outlook 2014 Report”, www.gwec.net
40% Wind Power Share of Global Electricity Demand
New Policies Scenario IEA demand projection
New Policies Scenario Energy Efficiency demand projection
30%
Moderate Scenario IEA demand projection
Moderate Scenario Energy Efficiency demand projection
20% Advanced Scenario IEA demand projection
Advanced Scenario Energy Efficiency demand projection
10%
Ref. [1]-[3]
0%
2013 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050

2013 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050

New Policies Scenario
IEA demand projection 3% 5% 6% 8% 10% 11%

3% 5% 7% 9% 11% 13%
Energy Efficiency demand projection
Moderate Scenario
IEA demand projection 3% 5% 7% 13% 15% 17%

3% 5% 8% 15% 17% 20%

Energy Efficiency demand projection
Advanced Scenario
IEA demand projection 3% 5% 8% 17% 22% 26%

3% 5% 9% 19% 25% 31%

Energy Efficiency demand projection Source: Global Wind Energy Council, “Global Wind Energy Outlook 2014 Report”, www.gwec.net
 Regional Breakdown of Wind Power Scenario
Moderate Scenario Advanced Scenario
Regional Breakdown New Policies Scenario

OECD=organization for economic co-operation and

development Wind
2020 energy installations
2030 2020 provided
2030 almost2020
67% of 2030
OECD North America
the total installed
118108
capacity156366
181398
of grid-connected
295823
renewable
173684 399912
Latin America
energy15211 24945
installations 28144
in the country 82242 32680 104103
OECD Europe 184539 262781 203419 337234 225577 386017
Africa 3896 10774 19039 75287 20955 86012
Middle East 1031 10982 1333 11990 1333 14165
Eastern Europe/Eurasia 7103 14049 14244 62051 24748 75669
India 47896 83188 49111 125382 55872 154207
Non-OECD Asia 5855 23005 6261 30730 16033 137231
India holds the fifth position among the wind energy producing
China 208387 310195 216646 414406 230048 497505
OECD Asia Pacific
countries after USA,
18953
China, Germany
43148
and
17518
Spain . (in
44623
2015) 19686 79169
th position (in 2018)
Presently 4610979
Global Total/MW 964465 712081 1479768 800616 1933990
5% 3% OECD North America 4% Latin America
19% 20% OECD Europe Africa
3% 2% 21%
Middle East 2% Eastern Europe/Eurasia
19% India Non-OECD Asia
28%
2013 22% 2014 2015 2020 22% 2030
China 26% OECD Asia Pacific
32% 3% 30% 20150 22138 25121
29% 47896 83188
34% New Policies Scenario
3% MW
6%
Moderate Scenario
20150 22138
4% 25121Advanced Scenario 125382
49111 5%
Moderate
New Policies Scenario
Scenario MW 4%

Advanced Scenario MW 20150 22138 25445 55872 154207

1% 2%
30% 2%
1% 7% 7% 7%
8% 27% 2% 29% 28%
1%
0% 0%
3% 23% 3% 20%
2% 1% 8% 0%3%
9% 4% 1% 8%
1%1%
1% 5% 4% 1% 4%
Solar PV Scenario
INDIA
Wind
 INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA(MW)
Total
Plant type 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Generation
(%)
WIND 10241 11806 14155 17352 19052 21132 23444 25088 28300 32300 34293 10.06
SOLAR 32 481 1446 2647 3062 4879 6763 12289 21651 6.35
HYDRO 35909 36878 36863 37567 38900 39491 40531 41268 42783 44478 45403.42 13.33
BIO MASS 1751 2137 2600 3095 3565 4013 4165 4550 4946 5108 5200 1.53
THERMAL 91907 93725 102454 112824 131603 151530 168255 188898 210675 218330 222906 65.42
SMALL
HYDRO 2953.573 3632.253 4055.37 4273.48 4485.81 4485 1.32
NUCLEAR 4780 6780 6780 1.99
Total 142761.57 144546.00 156104.00 171319.00 199346.00 218813.00 243089.25 268738.37 297740.48 323770.81 340718.42 100.00

Total Generation (%) 250000

1.32 1.99
200000
10.06
6.35
150000

13.33

100000

65.42 1.53

50000

WIND SOLAR HYDRO 0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
BIO MASS THERMAL SMALL HYDRO
WIND SOLAR HYDRO BIO MASS THERMAL SMALL HYDRO NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR
• India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of non-
conventional energy resources, in early 1980s.
• India's cumulative Grid interactive or Grid Tied Renewable Energy
Capacity (excluding Large Hydro) has reached almost 70 GW, of
which 65 % comes from wind, while solar PV contributed nearly 20
% of the Renewable Energy installed capacity in India.
• India attains global 4th and 5th positions in wind and solar power
installed capacities; India now at 5th global position for overall
installed renewable energy capacity.
• Presently Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
 Important Links for Power Sector in India
https://mnre.gov.in/ FAQ’s, ISA , current notice press release year end review
Home/Institutes / Agencies/National Institute of Solar Energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72i0c7q1VWI

http://vidyutpravah.in Color explanation,

http://vidyutpravah.in/FAQ FAQ’s Q-8,9 Time of Date ,Demand Meet and

other followed other question and answer

https://www.iexindia.com/marketdata/market_snapshot.aspx

Look all the tabs in market data

http://niwe.res.in/

http://nise.res.in
 Important Links for Power Sector in India
http://cea.nic.in/monthlyinstalledcapacity.html Power maps
Home/Reports/Daily Reports/Daily Generation Report

Progress Status of Transmission Lines

All India Installed Capacity of Power Stations

https://nldc.in/ Function of NRLD, Real time data RE Initiative

http://wrldc.in/ Dashboard, real time data

http://wrldc.in/content/2_1_DataDashboard.aspx

Most reputed institute in renewable energy in world = NREL

https://www.nrel.gov/research/data-tools.html Research » Data and Tools

Solar thermal power station for
electrical power generation

Gujarat Snapshot Sustainable Energy Programmes.ppt

Non Conventional Sources
Wind
Non Conventional Sources
Solar
Solar Prediction Present
and future
Solar 2012
Solar 2015
Solar 2020
Solar 2030
Future PV house
Future PV house with Mains
Grid connected PV house
HEV AND RE Sources
 Major Renewable Sources

• Wind Power
• Solar PV/Thermal Module
• Tidal Power
• OTEC
• Geothermal Energy
• Biomass etc.
 Indian Energy Scenario
• Nuclear Energy:
1. Tarapore plant in Maharashtra
2. Madras Atomic power station
3. Rana pratap sagar Rajasthan
4. Narora, Uttarpradesh.
Can share 2.6%, 4780MW
 Indian Energy Scenario
• Solar energy:
1. Salijipally in Andhra Pradesh became first
village electrified with SPV.
2. IIT Mumbai.
3. BHEL, Hyderabad.
4. NPL, New Delhi
5. NAL, Banglore.
6. Charanka, Gujarat.
 Indian Energy Scenario
• Wind energy:
1. Kayathar wind farm, Thriunrlveli.
2. Nal Banglore
3. Kutch Suzlon
4. BHEL solapur
5. Sholapur
6. Jodhpur.
 Indian Energy Scenario
• Hydel Energy:
1. Bhakra and Nangal Dam
2. Methur Project
3. Petiyor Project, Tamilnadu
4. Kodayar Project
5. Koyan Hydroelectric project any many more
38,700MW
 Indian Energy Scenario
• Tidal Energy:
1. Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat
2. Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat
3. Sundarban West Bengal
• Geothermal:
1. Ladakh and Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.
2. OTEC: Lakshdeep and Andman & Nicobar
Islands.
 Environmental aspects of
Energy
• CO2 Causes global Warming
• CO Severely impairs the oxygen dependent
tissues in the human body.
• SO2 Cause Respiratory diseases
• NO2 Deprive the body tissues of Oxygen &
form acid lungs
• Indoor and outdoor pollution
• Green House Effect
Gujarat: Snapshot
Sustainable Energy
Programmes

Gujarat Energy Development Agency

Gandhinagar
Gujarat: Empowering a
“Renewable” Future
 Gujarat: Plugging to Solar

• Gujarat: Unlimited Solar Radiation

• Solar Radiation 300 days 5.6 – 6.0 kWh/m3/day
– 5759 MW, presuming 1 % of wasteland, if set aside.
Solar Energy Programmes
Solar Steam Cooking System (Capacity 500 meal
per day), The Times of India Relief Fund, Wagad
Sarvodaya Hospital, Bhauchau, Kachchh
Solar Steam Cooking System (Capacity 500 meal per
day), Veeryatan Vidyapith, Kachchh
Solar Concentrating Steam Cooking System ( Capacity:
500 meals per day), Village Vankuva Ashram Shala,
Ta. Vaghodia, Vadodara
Solar Concentrating ( SK-14 ) Cooker, Muni Seva
Ashram, Village, Goraj, Dist. Vadodara
Solar Concentrating Cooking System (Capacity: 500
meals per day), Muni Seva Ashram, Goraj,
Dist. Vadodara
 Solar Water Heating System (Capacity -
2500 lpd ), Muni Seva Ashram, Goraj, Dist.
Vadodara
 Solar Water Heating System (Capacity -
40,000 lpd), Panchamahal Dairy, Godhra,
Dist. Panchmahal
SPV Garden Lights, Anand Sarovar
Garden, Patan Nagarpalika
SPV Garden Lights, Anand Sarovar
Garden, Patan Nagarpalika
SPV Garden Lights, Anand Sarovar
Garden, Patan Nagarpalika
SPV Garden Lights, Anand Sarovar
Garden, Patan Nagarpalika
Solar PV Power Pack (Capacity - 5400 watts),
Vankuva, Ta. Vaghodia, Dist. Vadodara
Solar PV Power Pack at Milk Collection Center,
Panchamahal Dairy, Panchmahal
Solar Street Lighting and Home Lighting Systems
in Tribal pocket of Chhota udepur, at Village
Hafeshwar, Ta Kawant, Dist Vadodara
Solar Home Lighting System at Vankuva,
Vaghodia, Vadodara
10 KW Solar Wind Hybrid power Plant, Udyog
Bhavan under Solar City Project,
Gandhinagar
No one can need degree of an electrical
engineering to close the switch.
Thank you