Chem Prev Ques

PREVIOUS HSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS FROM 2008 TO 2019
1. The Solid State

1) Teacher explained the stoichiometric defects in a class room.
a) Explain with the help of diagrams the important differences in Schottky and Frenkel defects. (2)
b) What are the consequences? (1) [March 2008]
2) a) Write an equation for the calculation of density of a crystal from its structure? (1)
b) Calculate the density of PbS crystal (fcc) if the edge length of its unit cell is 500pm. (NA = 6.022 x 1023, atomic
mass of Pb = 207.2, S = 32) (2) [SAY 2008]
3) Defects are found even in crystals prepared very carefully.
a) Which stoichiometric defect causes decrease in density of the solid? (1)
b) Frenkel defect is not found in NaCl. Why? (1)
c) KCl crystal is colourless. But on heating it in an atmosphere of potassium vapour, it becomes violet in colour.
Account for this. (1) [March 2009]
4) In magnesium crystal, the layers of atoms are being stacked in a pattern ABABAB…… type of arrangement.
a) Name the close packed structure. (1)
b) Calculate the no. of tetrahedral and octahedral voids, if the Mg crystal contains ‘n’ atoms. (2) [March 2010]
5) a) Schottky and Frenkel defects are two stoichiometric defects shown by crystals.
i) Classify the crystals into those showing Schottky defects and Frenkel defects: NaCl, AgCl, CsCl, CdCl2 (2)
ii) Name a crystal showing both Schottky defect and Frenkel defect. (½)
b) Schematic alignment of magnetic moments of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic substances
are given below. Identify each of them.
i)
ii)
iii) (1 ½) [March 2010]

6) Crystal defects give rise to some special properties in the solids.
a) What is mean by Frenkel defect? (1)
b) Why LiCl does does not exhibit Frenkel defect? (1)
c) Explain the pink colour of LiCl when heated in the vapour of Li? (2) [March 2011]
7) A cubic unit cell is characterized by a = b = c and α = β = γ = 900.
a) Name the three important types of cubic unit cells. (1 ½)
b) Calculate the number of atoms in one unit cell in the above three cases. (1 ½)
c) A metal forms cubic crystals. The mass of one unit cell of it is M/NA gram, where M is the atomic mass of the
metal and NA is the Avogadro no. What is the type of cubic unit cell possessed by the metal? (1) [SAY 2011]
8) Solids can be classified into three types based on their electrical conductivities.
i) Name three types of solids classified on the basis of electrical conductivity. (1 ½)
ii) How will you explain such classification based on band theory? (2 ½) [March 2012]
9) Scottky and Frenkel defects are stoichiometric defects.
i) Write any two differences between Schottky and Frenkel defects. (2)
ii) When pure NaCl crystal is heated in an atmosphere of Na vapours, it turns yellow. Give reason. (2) [SAY 2012]
10) a) NaCl has fcc structure. Calculate the number of NaCl units in a unit cell of NaCl. (2)
+2 Previous HSE Chemistry Questions Page 1

b) Calculate the density of NaCl, if edge length of NaCl unit cell is 564 pm. [Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol]. (2)
[March 2013]
11) Unit cells can be broadly classified into 2 categories – primitive and centred unit cells.
a) What is a unit cell? (1)
b) Name the three types of centred unit cells. (1 ½)
c) The unit cell dimension of a particular crystal system is a = b = c and α = β = γ = 900. Identify the crystal system.
(1)
d) Give one example for the above crystal system. (½) [SAY 2013]
12) a) Every substance has some magnetic properties associated with it. How will you account for the following
magnetic properties?
i) Paramagnetic property (1)
ii) Ferromagnetic property (1)
b) A compound is formed by two elements P and Q. Atoms of Q (as anions) make hcp lattice and those of the
element P (as cations) occupy all the tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound? (2) [March 2014]
13) a) Crystalline solids are ‘anisotropic’. What is anisotropy? (1)
b) Copper crystals have fcc unit cells.
i) Compute the number of atoms per unit cell of copper crystals. (1)
ii) Calculate the mass of a unit cell of copper crystals. (Atomic mass of Cu = 63.54u) (2) [SAY 2014]
14) Unit cells can be divided into two categories – primitive and centred unit cells.
a) Differentiate between unit cell and crystal lattice. (2)
b) Calculate the number of atoms per unit cell in the following:
i) Body centred cubic unit cell (bcc)
ii) Face centred cubic unit cell (fcc) (2) [March 2015]
15) a) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a crystalline solid?
i) Definite heat of fusion ii) isotropic nature iii) A regular orderly arrangement of constituent particles
iv) A true solid (1)
b) Frenkel defect and Schottky defects are two stoichiometric defects found in crystalline solids.
i) What are stoichiometric defects? (1)
ii) Write any two differences between Schottky and Frenkel defects? (2) [SAY 2015]
16) a) Which of the following is a molecular solid?
(a) Diamond (b) graphite (c) ice (d) quartz (1)
(b) Unit cells can be classified into primitive and centered unit cells. Differentiate between primitive and centered
unit cells. (1)
(c) Presence of excess Na makes NaCl crystal coloured. Explain on the basis of crystal defects. (2) [March 2016]
17) A unit cell is a term related to crystal structure.
a) What do you mean by unit cell? (1)
b) Name any two types of cubic unit cells. (1)
c) Calculate the number of atoms in each of the above mentioned cubic unit cells. (1)
d) Identify the substance which shows Frenkel defect:
(i) NaCl (ii) KCl (iii) ZnS (iv) AgBr (1) [SAY 2016]
18) a) Identify the non-stoichiometric defect
(i) Schottky defect (ii) Frenkel defect (iii) interstitial defect (iv) Metal deficiency defect (1)
b) What type of substance could make better permanent magnets – ferrimagnetic or ferromagnetic? Justify your
answer. (2)

c) In terms of band theory, write the difference between conductor and insulator. (1) [March 2017]
19) a) From the following choose the incorrect statement about crystalline solids.
i) Melt at sharp temperature ii) They have definite heat of fusion iii) They are isotropic iv) They
have long range order (1)
b) Cubic unit cells are divided into primitive, bcc and fcc.
i) Calculate the number of atoms in a unit cell of each of the following: bcc and fcc. (2)
ii) Write two examples for covalent solids. (1) [SAY 2017]
20) What is the co-ordination number of particles present in fcc crystal structure? (1)
21) ZnO turns yellow on heating. Why? (2)
22) An element crystallises as fcc with density 2.8 gcm-3. lts unit cell having edge length 4 x l0-8 cm. Calculate the molar
mass of the element. (Given NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol-l) (3) [March 2018]
23) If N spheres are there in a close packing, what is the total number of tetrahedral and octahedral voids present in it?
(1)
24) Distinguish Ferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism. (2)
25) Silver atoms are arranged in ccp lattice structure. The edge length of its unit cell is 408 pm. Calculate the density of
silver. (Atomic mass of silver is 108.4) (3) [SAY 2018]
26) An element crystallizes in F.C.C. manner. What is the length of a side of the unit cell, if the atomic radius of the
element is 0.144 nm? (2)
27) What are point defects? Explain the non-stoichiometric point defects in ionic crystals. (4) [March 2019]
28) The smallest repeating structural unit of a crystal is called
(a) Lattice point (b) Bravais lattice (c) Space lattice (d) Unit cell (1)
29) In terms of band theory, what is the difference between a conductor and semiconductor? (2)
30) Aluminium crystallizes in a ccp structure and its metallic radius is 125 pm. Calculate the edge length of the unit cell
and also find the number of unit cells in 1cm3 of Aluminium. (3) [SAY 2019]
2. SOLUTIONS
1. Which of the following is not a colligative property?
(a) Osmotic pressure (b) Vapour pressure (c) Elevation of boiling point (d) Depression of freezing point (1)
2. What is meant by positive and negative deviation from Raoult’s law and how is the sign of ∆mixH related to positive
and negative deviation ? (3) [SAY 2019]
3. What is reverse osmosis? Write ally one of its applications. (2)
4. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar (C12H22O11)) in water has a freezing point of 271K. Calculate the freezing point
of 5% (by mass) solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water. Freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. (3)
[March 2019]
5. Draw the vapour pressure-mole fraction curve for a non-ideal solution having positive deviation, if A and B are the
two volatile components. (2)
6. Calculate the depression in freezing point of a 0.2 molal solution if kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol-1. (2) [SAY 2018]
7. A solution contains 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol-l) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure
as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its
solution. (2)
8. Define minimum boiling azeotropes with example. (2) [March 2018]
9. a) Henry’s law is related to solubility of a gas in liquid.
(i) State Henry’s law. (2)
(ii) Write any two applications of Henry’s law. (2)

b) 1000cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic pressure of such a
solution at 300K is found to be 2.57 x 10-3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the protein. (R = 0.083 Lbar/K/mol).
(2) [March 2017]
10. a) The mole fraction of water in a mixture containing equal number of moles of water and ethanol is:
i) 1 ii) 0.5 iii) 2 iv) 0.25 (1)
b) The following are the vapour pressure curves of a pure solvent and a solution of a non-volatile solute in it.
Based on the above curves answer the following questions.

i) What do the curves A and B indicates? (1)
ii) Explain why the value of Tb is greater than that of Tb0. (2) [SAY 2017]
11. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
a) What is osmotic pressure? (1)
b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40K.
The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg/mol. Find the molar mass of the solute. (3)
[SAY 2016]
12. a) Number of moles of the solute per kilogram of the solvent is:
(a) Mole fraction (b) Molality (c) Molarity (d) Molar mass (1)
(b) 'The extent to which a solute is dissociated or associated can be expressed by Van't Hoff factor.' Substantiate
the statement. (1)
(c) The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A nonvolatile, non-electrolyte solid
weighing 0.5 g when added to 39 g of benzene (molar mass 78 g mol-1), vapour pressure becomes 0.845 bar. What
is the molar mass of the solid substance? (2) [March 2016]
13. a) Draw a vapour pressure curve, by plotting vapour pressure against mole fraction of an ideal solution of two
components A and B. indicate partial vapour pressure of A and B (PA and PB) and the total vapour pressure (PTotal).
(2)
b) What is an ideal solution? (1)
c) Modify the above plot for non-ideal solution showing positive deviation. (Draw the above plot once again
and modify.) (1) [SAY 2015]
14. a) Among the following, which is not a colligative property?
i) Osmotic pressure ii) Elevation of boiling point iii) Vapour pressure iv) Depression of freezing point (1)
b) i) 200 cm3 of aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of protein. The osmotic pressure of the solution at
300 K is found to be 8.3 x 10-2 bar. Calculate the molar mass of protein. (R = 0.083 LbarK-1mol-1) (2)
ii) What is the significance of Van’t Hoff factor? (1) [March 2015]
15. Molarity (M), molality (m) and mole fraction (x) are some methods for expressing concentration of solutions.
a) Which of these are temperature independent? (1)

b) Define mole fraction? (1)
c) A mixture contains 3.2g methanol (molecular mass = 32u) and 4.6g ethanol (molecular mass = 46u). Find the
mole fraction of each component. (2) [SAY 2014]
16. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property and it is proportional to the molarity of the solution.
a) What is osmotic pressure? (1)
b) Molecular mass of NaCl determined by osmotic pressure measurement is found to be half of the actual value.
Account for it? (1)
c) Calculate the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1.5 g of a polymer of molarmass
185000 in 500ml of water at 370C. (R = 0.0821 L atm/K/mol) (2) [March 2014]
17. Liquid solutions can be classified into ideal and non-ideal solutions on the basis of Raoult’s law.
a) State Raoult’s law. (1)
b) What are ideal solutions? (1)
c) Write any two properties of ideal solutions. (1)
d) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of chloroform and acetone? Give reason. (1)
[SAY 2013]
18. Elevation of boiling point is a colligative property.
i) What are colligative properties? (1)
ii) Elevation of boiling point (ΔTb) is directly proportional to molality (m) of solution. Thus ΔTb = Kb.m, Kb is called
the molal elevation constant. From the above relation derive an expression to obtain molar mass of the solute.
(1)
iii) The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.80 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of benzene,
the boiling point is raised to 354.11K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. Kb for benzene is 2.53 K kg mol-1.
(1) [MARCH 2013]
19. Colligative properties are properties of solution which depend on the number of solute particles in the solution.
i) Write the names of four important colligative properties. (2)
ii) The value of van’t Hoff factor ‘I’, for aqueous KCl solution is close to 2, while that for ethanoic acid in benzene is
nearly 0.5. Give reason. (2) [SAY 2012]
20. Vapour pressure of a solution is different from that of pure solvent.
i) Name the law which helps us to determine partial vapour pressure of a volatile component in a solution. (½ )
ii) State the above law. (1)
iii) Vapour pressure of chloroform (CHCl3) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) at 298K are 200 mm of Hg and 415 mm of
Hg respectively. Calculate the vapour pressure of solution prepared by mixing 24g of chloroform and 17g of
dichloromethane at 298K. (2½) [MARCH 2012]
21. Colligative properties can be used to determine the molar mass of solutes in solutions.
a) What do you mean by colligative properties? (1)
b) For determining the molecular mass of polymers, osmotic pressure is preferred to other properties. Why? (1)
c) For intravenous injections only solutions with osmotic pressure equal to that of 0.9% NaCl solution is used.
Why? (2) [MARCH 2011]
22. Relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure
are important colligative properties of dilute solutions.
a) Relative lowering of vapour pressure of an aqueous dilute solution of glucose is 0.018. What is the mole
fraction of glucose in the solution? (1)

b) An aqueous dilute solution of a non-volatile solute boils at 373.052K. Find the freezing point of the solution.
For water Kb = 0.52 K kgmol-1 and Kf = 1.86 K kgmol-1. Normal boiling point of water = 373K and normal freezing
point = 273K. (3) [SAY 2011]
23. Colligative properties are properties of solution which depend on the number of solute particles in the solution
irrespective of their nature.
a) Name the four important colligative properties. (2)
b) What happens to the colligative properties when ethanoic acid is treated with benzene? Give reason. (2)
[MARCH 2010]
3. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
1. How do galvanic cells differ from electrolytic cells? (2)
2. (a) Describe about standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE). (3)
(b) The emf of the cell obtained by coupling an electrode with SHE was 1.37V. If SHE is the +ve electrode,
find the potential of the given electrode. (1) [SAY 2019]
3. Diagrammatically represent H2 – O2 fuel cell and write the half cell reactions taking place in this cell.
(4) [March 2019]
4. A solution of CuSO4, is electrolysed for20 minutes with a current of 1.5 amperes. What is the mass of
copper deposited at cathode? (Atomic mass of copper = 63) (3)
5. Predict the products of electrolysis of the following substances at anode and cathode using suitable
chemical equations.
(a) Aqueous NaCl (b) H2SO4 solution (4)
6. a) Symbolically represent standard hydrogen electrode, when it acts as an anode and as cathode.
(b) Write Nernst equation for a Daniel cell. (Assume activity of metals is unity). (4) [June 2018]
7. Write the anode and cathode reactions occur in the operation of a lead storage battery. Mention the
electrolyte used in the battery. (2)
8. a) What are primary batteries? (1)
b) The cell potential of a mercury cell is 1.35 V, and remains constant during its life. Give reason. (1)
c) Write the equations of the reactions involved at each electrode in a H2 – O2 fuel cell. (2) [March 2018]
9. a) Identify the weak electrolyte from the following:
i) KCl ii) NaCl iii) KBr iv) CH3COOH
b) Kohlrausch’s law helps to determine the degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte at a given
concentration.
i) State Kohlrausch’s law. (1)
ii) The molar conductivity (λm) of 0.001 M acetic acid is 4.95 x 10-5 S cm2 mol-1. Calculate the degree of
dissociation (α) at this concentration if the limiting molar conductivity (λ0m) for H+ is 340 x 10-5 S cm2 mol-1
and for CH3COO- is 50.5 x 10-5 Scm2 mol-1. (2) [SAY 2017]
10. a) Represent the galvanic cell based on the cell reaction given below:
Cu(s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s) (1)
b) Write the half cell reactions of the above cell. (1)
c) λ0m for NaCl, HCl and NaAc are 126.4, 425.9 and 91.0 S cm2 mol-1 respectively. Calculate λ0m for HAc. (2)
[March 2017]
11. Galvanic cells are classified into primary and secondary cells.
a) Write any two differences between primary and secondary cells. (2)
b) (i) What is a fuel cell? (1)
(ii) Write the overall cell reaction in H2 – O2 fuel cell? (1) [SAY 2016]
12. a) Which of the following is a secondary cell?
(a) Dry cell (b) Leclanche cell (c) Mercury cell (d) None of these (1)
(b) What is the relationship between resistance and conductance? (1)
(c) One of the fuel cells uses the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water. Write down the cell
reaction taking place in the anode and cathode of that fuel cell. (2) [March 2016]
13. a) Conductance (G), conductivity (K) and molar conductivity (m) are terms used in electrolytic
conduction.
i) Write any two factors on which conductivity depends on. (1)
ii) How do conductivity and molar conductivity vary with concentration of electrolytic solution? (2)
b) Write any one difference between primary cell and secondary cell. (1) [SAY 2015]
14. You are supplied with the following substances: Copper rod, zinc rod, salt bridge, two glass beakers, a
piece of wire, 1 M CuSO4 solution, 1 M ZnSO4 solution.
a) Represent the cell made using the above materials. (1)
b) i) Write the Nernst equation for the above cell. (2)
ii) Calculate the standard emf of the cell if E (Zn /Zn) = – 0.76 V and E0(Cu2+/Cu) = + 0.34V (1)
0 2+
[March 2015]
15. a) The cell reaction in Daniel cell is Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) and Nernst equation for single
electrode potential for general electrode reaction Mn+(aq) + ne- → M(s) is
EMn+/M = E0Mn+/M - 2.303RT log [M]
nF [M n+]
Derive Nernst equation for Daniel cell. (3)
b) Daniel cell is a primary cell while lead storage cell is a secondary cell. Write any one difference between
primary and secondary cell. (1) [March 2014]
16. Fuel cells are special types of Galvanic cells.
a) i) What are galvanic cells? (1)
ii) Write any two advantages of fuel cells. (1)
b) Write the electrode reactions in H2 – O2 fuel cell. (2) [SAY 2014]
17. We can construct innumerable number of Galvanic cells on the pattern of Daniel cell by taking
combination of different half cells.
a) What is a Galvanic cell? (1)
b) Name the anode and cathode used in the Daniel cell? (1)
+
c) Name the cell represented by Pt(s)/H2(g)/H (aq). (½)
d) According to the convention, what is the potential of the above cell at all temperatures? (1)
e) Write the use of the above cell? (½) [SAY 2013 & 2012]
18. With decrease in concentration of an electrolytic solution, conductivity (ƙ) decreases and molar
conductivity (λm) increases.
i) Write the equation showing the relationship between conductivity and molar conductivity. (1)

ii) How will you account for the increase in molar conductivity with decrease in concentration? (1½)
iii) Limiting molar conductivity (λ0m) of a strong electrolyte can be determined by graphical extrapolation
method. Suggest a method for the determination of limiting molar conductivity of a weak electrolyte,
taking acetic acid (CH3COOH) as example. (1½) [March 2013]
19. Daniel cell is a galvanic cell made of Zn and Cu electrodes.
i) Write anode and cathode reactions in Daniel cell? (1)
n+ -
ii) Nernst equation for the electrode reaction M + ne → M is:
EMn+/M = E0Mn+/M – (2.303RT/nF) log1/[Mn+]. Derive Nernst equation for Daniel cell. (3) [March 2012]
20. Leclanche cell, Lead storage cell and Fuel cell are galvanic cells having different uses.
a) Among these, Leclanche cell is a primary cell and lead storage cell is a secondary cell. Write any 2
differences between primary cell and secondary cell. (2)
b) What is a fuel cell? (1)
c) Write the overall cell reaction in H2 – O2 fuel cell? (1) [March 2012]
21. The limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is obtained by adding the limiting molar conductivities of
cation and anion of the electrolyte.
a) Name the above law. (½)
b) What is meant by limiting molar conductivity? (½)
c) Explain how conductivity measurements help to determine the ionisation constant of a weak
electrolyte like acetic acid. (1)
d) Explain the change of conductivity and molar conductivity of a solution with dilution? (2) [March11]
22. The standard electrode potentials of some electrodes are given below:
E0(Zn2+/Zn) = -0.76V, E0(Cu2+/Cu) = 0.34V, E0(Ag+/Ag) = 0.8V, E0(H+/H2) = 0 V.
a) Can CuSO4 solution be kept in silver vessel? (½)
b) Zn or Cu, which can displace hydrogen from dil. H2SO4? (½)
c) What is the reaction taking place at SHE when it is connected with Ag+/Ag electrode to form a galvanic
cell? (1)
d) Find the value of Kc (equilibrium constant) in the Daniel cell at 298K. (2) [SAY 2011]
23. From the position of elements in the electrochemical series, Cu can displace Ag from AgNO3 solution.
a) Represent the cell constructed with Cu and Ag electrodes. (1)
b) Write down the cell reaction taking place at the anode and the cathode. (2)
c) Write the Nernst equation for the above cell reaction. (1) [March 2010]
24. Lead storage cell is the commonly used secondary cell in automobiles.
a) What is a secondary cell? (1)
b) What are the anode and cathode of the cell? (1)
c) Write down the reactions at anode and cathode during discharging of the cell? (2) [March 2010]
25. Certain Galvanic cells are designed to convert the energy of combustion of fuels directly into electrical
energy.
a) Name the above type of Galvanic cells. (½)
b) Give an example for the above cell. (½)
c) Represent the reactions taking place at anode and cathode of the above cell. (2)

d) Mention any two advantages of the above cell. (1) [March 2009]
26. The graphs showing the variation of molar conductanc
conductance e with concentration for weak and strong acids are
given.
a) Explain the Debye-Huckel-Onsagar
Onsagar equation? (1)
b) What is molar conductance? (1)
c) Calculate the molar conductance at infinite dilution of NH4OH.
Given that λ0m for NaCl, NaOH and NH4Cl are 126.4, 248.1 and 129.8 ohm-1cm2mol-1. (2)
[March 2008]
4. CHEMICAL KINETICS
1. Differentiate molecularity and order of a reaction. (2)
2. Write the Arrhenius equation and identify the terms in it. (2) [SAY 2019]
3. For the reaction, 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g), the rate law is given as, Rate : k[NO]2 [O2]. The order of the
reaction with respect to O2 is …………. (1)
4. Examine the graph given below. Identify the integrated rate equation and the order of the reaction corresponding
to it.
(2)
5 -1
5. The rate constant of a reaction
tion at 293
293K is 1.7 x 10 s . When the temperature is increased by 20 K, the rate
6 -1
constant is increased to 2.57 x 10 s . Calculate Ea and A of the reaction. (3) [March 2019]
6. The rate of a reaction quadruples when the tem temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K. Calculate the energy of
activation of the reaction assuming
ng that it does not change with temperature. (3)
7. What is the order of a reaction, if its half life is ind
independent of initial concentration? (1) [June 2018]
8. For hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution, the following results were observed.
observ
t/s 0 30 60
CH3COOH
0.60 0.30 0.15
C/mol L-1
Show that it follows pseudo first order reaction as the concentratio
concentration of water remains constant. (3)
9. Identify the orderer of reaction if the unit of rate constant is mol L-l s-l. (1) [March 2018]
10. The effect of temperature on rate of reaction is given by Arrhenius equation.
i) Write Arrhenius equation. (1)
ii) Define activation energy (Ea) (1)
iii) Rate constant k2 of a reaction at 310K is two times of its rate constant k1 at 300 K. Calculate activation
energy of the reaction. (log 2 = 0.3010 and log 1 = 0) [SAY 2017]
11. a) Plot a graph showing variation in the concentration of reactants agai against
nst time for a zero order reaction. (1)
b) What do you mean by zero order reaction? (1)

c) The initial concentration of the first order reaction, N2O5(g) 2 NO2(g) + ½ O2(g), was 1.24 x 10-2 mol L-1 at
300 K. The concentration of N2O5 after 1 hour was 0.20 x 10-2 mol L-1. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction at
300 K. (2) [March 2017]
12. Rate of a reaction is the change in concentration of any one of the reactants or products in unit time.
a) Express the rate of the following reaction in terms of reactants and products
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) (1)
b) (i) N2O5(g) → 2NO2(g) + ½ O2(g) is a first order reaction. Find the unit of k. (1)
(ii) Calculate the time required for the completion of 90% of a first order reaction. (k = 0.2303 s-1) (2) [SAY
2016]
13. (i) The molecularity of the reaction 2NO + O2 → 2NO, is,
a) 5 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0 (1)
(ii) What do you mean by rate of a reaction ? (1)
(iii) What will be the effect of temperature on rate of a reaction ? (1)
-14 -1
(iv) A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant, k = 5.5 x 10 s . Find out the half-life of the reaction. (1)
[March 2016]
14. Integrated rate expression for rate constant of a first order reaction R → P is given by k = 2.303 log[R]0 .
t [R]
i) Derive an expression for half life period of first order reaction. (2)
ii) A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15 x 10-3 s-1. How long will 5 g of the reactant take to reduce 3g?
[SAY 2015]
15. The terms order and molecularity are common in chemical kinetics.
a) What do you mean by order and molecularity? (2)
b) i) Write two factors influencing rate of a reaction. (1)
ii) Write Arrhenius equation. (1) [March 2015]
16. a) Consider a general reaction aA + bB → cC + dD. The rate expression for the reaction is r = k[A]x[b]y
i) Establish the significance of (a+b) and (x+y) in terms of order and molecularity. (1)
ii) Write any two differences between order and molecularity. (2)
b) “Reactions with zero order are possible, but zero molecularity is not”. Justify the statement. (1) [March `14]
17. a) Unit of rate constant (k) of a reaction depends on the order of the reactions. Values of ‘k’ of two reactions are
given below. Find the order of each reaction.
i) k = 3 x 10-2 mol L-1 S-1
ii) k = 5 x 10-3 mol-1 L S-1 (1)
b) i) Write integrated rate equation for a first order reaction. (1)
ii) Write the relation between half life (t½) and rate constant (k) of a first order reaction. (1)
-2 -1
iii) Rate constant of a reaction is 5 x 10 S . Find the half life (t½) of the reaction. (1) [SAY 2014]
18. The conversion of a molecule A to B follows second order kinetics.
a) Write the rate equation for the second order reaction. (1)
b) If the concentration of A is increased to four times, how will it affect the formation of B. (2)
c) Indicate the order and Molecularity of the reaction given below:
+
C12H22O11 H C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (1) (SAY 2013)
19. a) Zero order reaction means that the rate of a reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants.
i) Write an example for a zero order reaction. (1)
ii) Write the integral rate expression for the zero order reaction, R P. (1)

b) The temperature dependence of rate of a chemical reaction can be accurately explained by Arrhenius equation.
With the help of Arrhenius equation, calculate the rate constant for the first order reaction
C2H5I C2H4 + HI at 700K. Energy of activation (Ea) for the reaction is 209 kJ/mol and rate constant at 600 K
-5 -1
is 1.6x10 s (R = 8.314 J/K/mol). (2) (March 2013)
20. Rate of a reaction is the change in concentration of any one of the reactants or any one of the products in unit
time.
i) Express the rate of the following reaction in terms of reactants and products: 2HI H2 + I2 (1½)
2
ii) If the rate expression for the above reaction is rate = k[HI] , what is the order of the reaction ? (½ )
iii) Define order of a reaction. (1)
iv) Whether the Molecularity and order of the above reaction are the same? Give reason (1) [March 2012]
21. For a first order reaction half life period is independent of initial concentration of its reacting species.
i) What is mean by half life period of a reaction? (1)
ii) By deriving the equation for t½ of first order reaction, prove that t½ is independent initial concentration of
reacting species. (3) [SAY 2012]
22. The hydrolysis of an ester in acidic medium is a first order reaction.
a) What do you mean by a first order reaction? (½ )
b) What is the relation between Rate constant and Half life period of a first order reaction? (½ )
c) Half life period of a first order reaction is 20 seconds. How much time will it take to complete 90% of the
reaction? (3) [March 2011]
23. The value of rate constant k of a reaction depends on temperature. From the values of k at two different
temperatures, the Arrhenius parameters Ea and A can be calculated.
a) The rate constants of a reaction at 600K and 900K are 0.02s-1 and 0.06s-1 respectively. Find the values of Ea and
A. (3)
b) Write the unit of rate constant of a 2nd order reaction if concentration is in mol L-1 and time in S.(1) [SAY 11]
24. The order of a reaction can be zero and even a fraction but Molecularity cannot be zero or a non-integer.
i) What do you mean by the order of a reaction? (1)
ii) What is Molecularity of a reaction? (1)
iii) The conversion of molecules A to B follows second order kinetics. If concentration of A is increased to three
times, how will it affect the rate of formation of B? (2) [March 2010]
25. The value of rate constant k of a reaction depends on temperature. From the values of k at two different
temperatures, the Arrhenius parameters Ea and A can be calculated.
The rate constants of a reaction at 1000K and 1060K are 0.01M-1S-1 and 0.10M-1S-1 respectively. Find the values of
Ea and A. (3) [March 2010]
26. Unit of rate constant (k) of a reaction depends on the order of the reaction. If concentration is expressed in mol L-1
and time in seconds (s), find the unit of k for zero, first and second order reaction. (3) [March 2009]
27. An archeological substance contained wood had only 66.66% of the 14C found in a tree. Calculate the age of the
sample if the half life of 14C is 5730 years. (3) [ March 2008]
5. SURFACE CHEMISTRY
1. The ion that is more effective for the coagulation of negatively charged As2S3 sol.
(a) Al3+ (b) PO43- (c) SO42- (d) Na+ (1)
2. Write any two differences of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption? (2)
3. What is an adsorption isotherm? Describe Freundlich adsorption isotherm. (3) [SAY 2019]
4. Briefly explain the different types of emulsions and give example for each. (2)
5. Explain the terms, zetapotential, electro-phoresis and electro-osmosis. (3) [March 2019]
6. Explain any three chemical methods for the preparation of lyophobic colloids with suitable examples. (3)
[SAY 2018]
7. (a) State Hardy-Schulze rule with the help of example.
(b) Why lyophilic colloids are used as protective colloids? [March 2018]
8. a) Which among the following is not an electrical property of colloids?
i) Electrophoresis ii) Electro osmosis iii) Coagulation iv) Tyndall effect (1)
1/n
b) Freundlich adsorption isotherm is x/m = k.p , where n > 1. Answer the following questions based on
Freundlich adsorption isotherm:
i) What is adsorption isotherm? (1)
ii) Explain the terms in the above equation. (1) [SAY 2017]
9. There are mainly two types of adsorption. They are physisorption and chemisorption.
a) Differentiate between physisorption and chemisorption. (2)
b) Write any two applications of adsorption. (1) [March 2017]
10. Dispersed phase and dispersion medium are two phases of a colloidal system.
a) Name the colloid in which dispersed phase is liquid and dispersion medium is solid.
(i) Sol (ii) Foam (iii) Emulsion (iv) Gel (1)
b) Physisorption and chemisorption are two types of adsorption. Write any four differences between them.
(2) [Say 2016]
11. (i) Catalysis can be classified into two groups - homogeneous and heterogeneous.
a) What do you mean by homogeneous catalysis?
b) Write one example for heterogeneous catalysis. (2)
(ii) Which of the following is an emulsifying agent?
a) Milk b) Butter c) Gum d) Lamp black (1) [March 2016]
12. a) Which of the following is an example of adsorption?
i) Water on silica gel ii) Water on CaCl2 iii) H2 on finely divided Nickel iv) O2 on metal surface (1)
b) Write any two differences between absorption and adsorption. (2)
13. Based on the particles of dispersed phase, colloidal systems are classified into multimolecular,
macromolecular and associated colloids.
a) Which of the following is an example for multimolecular colloidal system?
i) Starch in water ii) Soap solution iii) Ferric hydroxide in water iv) Polyvinyl alcohol in water (1)
b) Associated colloids are also known as micelles. How are they formed? (2) [SAY 2015]
14. a) Which of the following is lyophobic colloid?
a) Starch in water ii) Gum in water iii) Soap in water iv) Gold sol (1)
b) Write any four applications of colloids. (2) [March 2015]
15. Sols are colloidal systems in which dispersion medium is liquid and dispersed phase is solid.
a) Write any four differences between lyophilic sols and lyophobic sols. (2)
b) Peptisation is a method of preparation of sols. Write a general procedure for peptisation. (1) [March 2014]
16. a) Adsorption has many applications. Write any two applications of adsorption. (1)
b) Physisorption and chemisorption are the two types of adsorption. Write any four differences between
them. (2) [SAY 2014]

17. The accumulation of molecular species at the surface rather than in the bulk of a solid or liquid is termed
adsorption.
a) What is adsorption isotherm? (1)
b) Write the mathematical expression of Freundlich adsorption isotherm? (1)
c) Enzymes are known as biochemical catalysts. Write any two important characteristics of enzyme catalysis?
(1) [March 2013]
18. There are mainly two types of adsorption of gases on solids.
a) What are the two types of adsorption of gases? (1)
b) Write two characteristics of each of the above two types of adsorption. (2) [SAY 2013]
19. Colloids have many characteristic properties. Among these Tyndall effect is an optical property and
coagulation is the process of settling of colloidal particles.
a) What is Tyndall effect?
b) State Hardy Schulze rule which deals with the coagulation of colloids by the addition of an electrolyte.
c) What is a protective colloid? (1+1+1 = 3) [March 2012]
20. Colloids are widely used in industry and in daily life.
a) What are colloids? (1)
b) Write any four applications of colloids? (2) [SAY 2012]
21. Physisorption and chemisorption are two types of adsorption.
a) What is the effect of temperature on physisorption and chemisorption? (1)
b) In certain cases physisorption transfers to chemisorption as temperature is increased. Explain with an
example. (1½ )
c) Explain how colloids get coagulated on addition of salts ? (½ ) [March 2011]
22. Ferric hydroxide sol can be prepared from freshly prepared ferric hydroxide precipitate. It can also be
prepared by adding ferric chloride solution to boiling water. In both cases the sol particles are positively
charged.
a) Name the above two methods for the preparation of ferric hydroxide sol? (1)
b) What happens when an electric potential is applied across two platinum electrodes dipped in ferric
hydroxide sol? (2) [SAY 2011]
23. Colloids exhibit some special properties.
a) Name the property of colloid involved in the construction of ultra microscope? ( ½ )
b) Explain the above property (1)
c) What are the conditions to be satisfied to exhibit Tyndall effect? (1½ ) [March 2010]
24. In homogenous catalysis, reactants and catalyst are in the same phase. In heterogeneous catalysis, reactants
and catalyst are in different phases.
a) Define catalysis (1)
b) Give one example each for homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis? (2) [March 2010]
25. As2S3 sol particles are negatively charged.
a) What happens when Barium chloride solution is added to the above sol? (½)
b) How do you account for the above process? (½)
c) What is the effect of adding Aluminium Chloride instead of Barium chloride? Justify. (1) [March 2009]
26. The chromatographic separation is possible due to different adsorption tendencies of the solution.
a) Name the adsorption isotherms applicable in this case. (1)

b) Write the equations for the adsorption isotherms.(1)
c) Draw the graphical representation of adsorption isotherm. (1) [March 2008]
27. Classify the following into homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis:
a) Catalytic decomposition of ozone by chlorine. (1)
b) Hydrolysis of an organic ester. (1)
c) Haber’s process (1) [Say 2008]
6. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESS OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
1) The role of NaCN in Froth floatation process involving an ore containing ZnS and PbS is as a …………. (1)
2) Match the following :
A B
(i) Zinc (a) Bauxite
(ii) Iron (b) Malachite
(iii) Copper (c) Calamine
(iv) Aluminum (d) Magnetite
(e) Galena
(2) [SAY 2019]
3) Explain the steps involved in the vapour phase refining of Ni and Zr. (3) {March 2019]
4) Explain the following refining processes :
(a) Distillation (b) Vapour phase refining (c) Zone refining (3) [SAY 2018]
5) Gibbs energy of formation (∆fG) of MgO(s) and CO(g) at 1273 K and 2273 K are given below:
∆fG [MgO(s)] : -941 kJ mol-l at 1273 K
∆fG [CO(g)] : 439 kJ mol-l at 1273 K
∆fG [MgO(s)] : -314 kJ mol-l at 2273K
∆fG [CO(g)] : -628 kJ mol-l at2273K
On the basis of the above data, predict the temperature at which carbon can be used as a reducing agent
for MgO(s). [March 2018]
6) Which among the following is not an ore of iron?
i) Haematite ii) Magnetite iii) Malachite iv) Siderite (1)
7) Explain the froth floatation process for the concentration of Ore. (2) [SAY 2017]
8) Leaching is a process of concentration of ores. Explain the leaching of alumina from bauxite. (3)
[March 2017]
9) Metals are extracted from their ores.
a) Among the following which metal is extracted from bauxite?
(i) Zinc (ii) Iron (iii) Aluminium (Iv) Copper (1)
b) Sulphide ores are subjected to roasting, while carbonate ores are subjected to calcination. Comment
on the statement. (2) [SAY 2016]
10) Which of the following is the ore of zinc?
a) Bauxite (b) Magnetite (c) Malachite (d) calamine (1)
b) There are several methods for refining metals. Explain a method for refining Zirconium. (2)
[March 2016]
11) The processes involved in metallurgy are concentration of the ore, isolation of the metal from its
concentrated ore and purification of the metal.
a) Froth floatation method is an ore concentration method. What is the principle behind the process? (1)
b) What is the role of lime stone (CaCO3) in the extraction of iron? (1)
c) Mond’s process is used for refining of Ni and Van Arkel method is used for refining Zr (zirconium).
Write one similarity between these processes. (1) [ SAY 2015]
12) a) Name any two metals which can be refined by Van Arkel method. (1)
b) Match the items of column I with items of column II
Column I Column II
i) Bauxite a) Zinc
ii) Malachite b) Iron
iii) Calamine c) Copper
iv) Magnetite d) Aluminium
e) Lead
(2) [March 2015]
13) a) Calcination and roasting are pre-treatments in metallurgy before metal extraction. Differentiate
between calcinations and roasting? (1)
b) Match the items of column I with items of column II
Column I Column II
1. Distillation a) Ge
2. Liquation b) Ni
3. Zone refining c) Cu
4. Vapour phase refining d) Zn
e) Sn
(2) [March 2014]
14) Sulphide ores are concentrated by froth floatation process.

a) Write the name or formula of any two sulphide ores of copper. (1)
b) Explain the froth floatation process. (2) [SAY 2014]
15) a) Match the items of Column I with items of Column II.
Column I Column II
i) Aluminium a) Malalachite
ii) Iron b) Bauxite
iii) Copper c) Limestone
iv) Zinc d) Haematite
e) Calamine (2)
b) The reduction of the metal oxide is easier if the metal formed is in liquid state, at the temperature of
reduction. Give reason. (1) [MARCH 2013]
16) The scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from its ore is known as
metallurgy.
a) Name the method used for removing gangue from sulphide ores. (½)
b) Explain the above method. (1½)
c) Give two examples of alloy steel. (1) [SAY 2013]
17) a) All ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores. Why? (1)

b) Carbonate ores are subjected to calcinations, while sulphide ores are subjected to roasting. Comment
on the statement. (2) [MARCH 2012]
18) Concentrated ore of iron, coke and limestone are fed into a blast furnace from the top.
a) Write down the reason for adding limestone along with the concentrated ore of iron. (1)
b) Write down the reactions taking place at higher temperature range in the blast furnace. (2) [SAY
2012]
19) Metals are extracted from their chief ore.
a) Name the principal ore of Aluminium. (1)
b) Write the equation for the reactions taking place at the anode and the cathode during the extraction
of aluminium by the electrolytic process. (2) [SAY 2012]
20) The concept of coupled reactions is used to explain reductions in metallurgy.
a) Explain the above statement. (1)
b) In the blast furnace for manufacturing iron, most of the reduction is carried out by CO rather than
coke. How can you account for this? (2) [MARCH 2011]
21) Bauxite is an important ore of aluminium. It is concentrated by leaching. Explain the method. (3) [SAY
2011]
22) Analyse the table given below:
Metal Ore
Copper Copper pyrites, Copper glance,
Cuprite
Zinc Zinc blende, Calamine, Zincite
Aluminium Bauxite, Diaspore
Iron Haematite, Magnetite, Iron Pyrites
a) Which of the ores mentioned in the above table can be concentrated by magnetic separation
method? Justify your answer. (1 ½ )
b) Identify the ores that can be concentrated by leaching. (½)
c) What do you mean by leaching? (1) [MARCH 2010]
23) a) A few metallurgical reactions are given below. Classify them as roasting and calcinations.
i) 2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2

ii) ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
iii) 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
iv) Al2O3.xH2O →Al2O3 + xH2O (2)
b) Differentiate between calcinations and roasting. (1) [MARCH 2010]
24) a) Do you think that all minerals of iron are used as ores of iron? Substantiate. (1)
b) Name the purest form of iron. (½)
c) How do you obtain the above form of iron? (1) [MARCH 2009]
25) Watch the diagram.

a) Name the metallurgical refining technique used here. (1)
b) Describe the mechanism of purification of Ni by this method. (1)
c) Explain the purification of zirconium. (1) [MARCH 2008]
26) While adding the raw materials into the reverberatory furnace for the extraction of copper, it is forgotten
to mix sand.
a) Predict the result of this mistake. (1)
b) Give reason for the result. (1)
c) Write the chemical equation involved for the change of copper pyrites in roasting, during the
extraction of copper. (1) [SAY 2008]
7. The P-block Elements

1. Write main differences between the properties of white phosphorous and red phosphorous. (2)
2. Explain how nitric acid is manufactured by Ostwald’s process? (3) [SAY 2019]
3. The weakest reducing agent among the hydrides of group 15 elements is ……………. (1)
4. Draw the structure of H3PO2 and account for its reducing character. (2)
5. What are interhalogen compounds? Which interhalogen compound is used to fluorinate Uranium? How is
it prepared? (3) [March 2019]
6. Suppose you are given a sample of NaCl salt. How will you prepare chlorine gas in laboratory using the
above sample? (Write balanced chemical equations) (2)
7. Briefly explain the manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process. (3)
8. Explain with the help of equations, preparation of Xenon fluorides. (3) [SAY 2018]
9. Write the chemical equation of the following reactions:
(a) Preparation of XeO3 from XeF6. (1)
(b) Mixing PtF6 and Xe. (1)
10. (a) What is the formula of phosphine? (1)
(b) How phosphine is prepared in laboratory? (2)
11. Assign the possible reason for the following:
(a) Stability of +5 oxidation state decreases and that of +3 oxidation state increases down to 15th group
elements. (1)
(b) H2O is less acidic than H2S. (1)
(c) H3PO2 acts as a good reducing agent while H3PO4 does not. (1) [March 2018]
12. a) Identify the most acidic compound from the following:
i) H2O ii) H2S iii) H2Se iv) H2Te (Score 1)
b) SO2 Step P SO3 Step Q H2SO4
i) Explain step P and Q. (Score 2)
ii) Give a reaction which indicates dehydration property of Conc. H2SO4. (Score 1)
iii) Write any two uses of sulphuric acid. (Score 1)
13. a) Identify the least basic compound among the following:
i) NH3 ii) PH3 iii) AsH3 iv) SbH3 (Score 1)
b) i) Halogens have maximum negative electron gain enthalpy in the respective periods. Give reason. (2)
ii) Draw the structure of Perchloric acid (HClO4) (Score 1)
ii) Write the formula of any two interhalogen compounds. (Score 1) [SAY 2017]
14. Nitrogen forms a number of oxides and oxoacids.
a) Which of the following is a neutral oxide of Nitrogen?
i) N 2O ii) N2O5 iii) NO2 iv) N2O4 (Score 1)

b) Prepare a short write-up on Nitric acid highlighting its laboratory preparation, chemical properties and
uses. (Score 4)
15. Phosphorous forms a number of compounds.
a) The gas liberated when calcium phosphide is treated with dil. HCl is:
i) Cl2 ii) H2 iii) PH3 iv) All of the above (Score 1)
b) Prepare a short write-up on PCl3 and PCl5 highlighting the preaparation and chemical properties of PCl3
and structure of PCl5. (Score 4) [March 2017]
16. Nitrogen shows different oxidation states in different oxides.
a) In which of the following oxides, nitrogen is in +4 oxidation state?
(i) NO (ii) N2O (iii) N2O3 (iv) NO2 (1)
b) Prepare a short write up on Nitric acid highlighting its structure, manufacture and any two properties.
(4) [SAY 2016]
17. Phosphorous forms oxoacids.
a) In which of the following phosphorous is in +1 oxidation state?
(i) H3PO2 (ii) H3PO3 (iii) H4P2O7 (iv) H3PO4 (1)
b) Prepare a short write up on Ammonia highlighting its structure, manufacture and properties. (4)
[SAY 2016]
18. a) Account for the following :
(i) NH3 acts as a Lewis base.
(ii) PCl3 fumes in moist air.
(iii) Fluorine shows only -1 oxidation state. (3)
b) (i) Suggest any two fluorides of Xenon. (1)
(ii) Write a method to prepare any one of the above mentioned Xenon fluorides. (1) [March 2016]
19. a) Account for the following :
(i) H2O is a liquid while H2S is a gas.
(ii) Noble gases have very low boiling points.
(iii) NO2 dimerises to N2O4. (3)
b) i) What are inrerhalogen compounds? (1)
(ii) Suggest any two examples of interhalogen compounds. (1) [March 2016]
20. a) What are interhalogen compounds? Write any two examples. (2)
b) Write a method of preparation of phosphine from white phosphorus. (1)
c) Write the name or formula of oxoacid of chlorine, in which chlorine possess oxidation number +7. (1)
d) Draw the structures of XeO3 and XeF6. (1) [SAY 2015]
21. Some elements in p-block show allotropy.
a) What are the allotropic forms of sulphur? (1)
b) i) How will you manufacture Sulphuric acid by contact process? (3)
ii) What are interhalogen compounds? (1)
22. a) Name two oxoacids of sulphur. (1)
b) i) How will you manufacture ammonia by Haber process? (3)
ii) Write any two uses of inert gases. (1) [March 2015]
23. Compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur such as ammonia, phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid
are used in fertilizer industry.
a) Describe Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia. (2)
b) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) from orthophosphorous
acid (H3PO3) (1)
c) Describe contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. (2) [March 2014]

24. Ammonia and Nitric acid are two industrially important compounds.
a) Write any two uses of ammonia. (1)
b) Complete the following equations. (Balancing is not required)
i) NH3 + O2 Pt, 500K, 9 bar
ii) Cu + Conc. HNO3
iii) Zn + dil. HNO3
iv) NH3 + excess Cl2 (1 x 4 = 4) [SAY 2014]
25. a) Phosphorus forms a number of oxoacids. Write the name or formulae of any two dibasic oxoacids of
phosphorus. (1)
b) Account for the following:
i) PCl3 fumes in moist air.
ii) Nitrogen does not form a penta halide.
iii) Boiling point of PH3 is less than that of NH3.
iv) NO2 undergoes dimerisation. (1 x 4 = 4) [SAY 2014]
26. a) Name the products obtained when copper reacts with conc. Nitric acid. (1)
b) Write down the chemical reaction between conc. HNO3 and aluminium. (1)
c) What is the basicity of H3PO3? (½)
d) How do you account for the basicity of H3PO3? (½)
e) Write down the main three steps involved in the manufacture of H2SO4 by contact process? (1½)
f) Write any 2 important uses of noble gas elements. (½) [SAY 2013]
27. a) Nitrogen forms a number of oxides in the different oxidation states. Write the names and structural
formulae of any four oxides of nitrogen. (2)
b) Boiling point of H2O (373K) is very much greater than that of H2S (213K). Give reason. (1)
c) Suggest a method for the quantitative estimation of ozone (O3). (2) [March 2013]
28. i) What are the products obtained when copper reacts with conc. Nitric acid? (1)
ii) Name two important xenon fluorides. (1)
iii) Give the structure of the above xenon fluorides. (1)
iv) Inter halogen compounds are compounds formed by combination of different halogen atoms. Which
are more reactive – Halogens or Inter halogen compounds? Give reason. (2) [SAY 2012]
29. a) In the manufacture of sulphuric acid, the final product obtained is oleum.
i) What is oleum? (½)
ii) Write chemical equation for the conversion of oleum to sulphuric acid. (1)
b) Important allotropic forms of phosphorus are white phosphorus, red phosphorus and black
phosphorus. Among these which allotropic form is more reactive? Why? (1½)
c) Name the halogen which forms only one oxo acid and also write the formula of the oxo acid of that
halogen. (1)
d) Which element among inert gases forms maximum number of compounds? Write the formula of one
of the compounds formed by the element. (1) [March 2012]
30. Discovery of Haber’s process for the manufacture of ammonia is considered to be one of the principal
discoveries of twentieth century.
a) Which is the promoter used in the earlier process when iron was used as catalyst? (½)
b) What is the temperature condition for maximum yield of ammonia? Justify. (1½)
c) Explain how can you convert NH3 to HNO3, on a large scale commercially. (3) [March 2011]
31. Phosphorus of group 15 and Sulphur of group 16 are two industrially important P block elements. Their
compounds are also industrially important.
a) 4H3PO3 heat 3H3PO4 + PH3. Show that this is a disproportionation reaction. (1)

b) PCl3 fumes in moisture. Give reason. (1)
c) Sulphuric acid can be manufactured from sulphur using V2O5 as catalyst.
i) Give the name of the method.
ii) Outline the principle. (3) [SAY 2011]
32. Elements in groups 13 to 18 in the periodic table constitute the ‘P’ block elements.
i) Name the most important oxo acid of nitrogen. (½)
ii) How will you prepare the above oxo acid on large scale? (2½)
iii) In general, noble gases are least reactive. Why? (2) [March 2010]
33. Group 16 elements form hydrides with hydrogen.
a) Write the order of thermal stability and reducing nature of the hydrides of group 16 elements. (2)
b) Why is water a liquid and H2S a gas?
c) Say whether the 1st ionisation enthalpy of 16th group elements is lower than that of 15th group
elements. Why? (1) [March 2010]
34. Nitrogen and phosphorus belong to group 15 of the periodic table.
a) Phosphorus can form 2 series of halides of the type PX3 and PX5. Nitrogen does not form pentahalides
(NX5). Why? (½)
b) Name two oxo acids of Phosphorus and represent their structures. (2)
c) Name the compound of phosphorus similar to ammonia. (½)
d) Suggest a method for preparing the above compound in the laboratory. Write the balanced chemical
equation. (2)
[March 2009]
35. Phosphorus is an essential constituent of both plants and animals.
a) Phosphorus is stored under water. Give reason. (1)
b) Write allotropic forms of phosphorus. (1½) [March 2008]
8. d and f block elements

1. Which element of the 3d series exhibits the largest number of oxidation states? Why? (2)
2. What is Lanthanoid contraction? Give reason for it. (2) [SAY 2019]
3. MnO4 and ……………. are formed by the disproportionation of MnO42- in acidic medium. (1)
-
4. Write any three applications of d- and f- block elements. (3) [March 2019]
10
5. What is the magnetic moment of an atom having d configuration? (1)
6. Describe lanthanoid contraction. Write any two consequences of it. (3) [SAY 2018]
2-
7. What is the structure of chromate ion ((CrO4 )? (1)
8. Give reasons for the following :
9. (a) Transition metals and many of their compounds act as catalyst. (1)
(b) Scandium (Z = 21) does not exhibit variable oxidation state and yet it is regarded as a transition
element. (1)
(c) Write the steps involved in the preparation of Na2CrO4 from chromite ore. (1) [March 2018]
10. a) Zr and Hf are having similar chemical properties. This is due to …………….. (1)
b) ‘Magnetic moments arise due to the presence of unpaired electrons’.
Calculated magnetic moments of two transition metal ions are given below.
Ion Calculated magnetic moment
3+
Sc 0
3+
Ti 1.73
Justify these observations on the basis of spin only formula. (2)
c) Transition metal ions are generally coloured. Why? (1) [SAY 2017]
11. a) Transition elements are‘d’ block elements.
i) Write any four characteristic properties of transition elements. (2)
ii) Cr2+ and Mn3+ have d4 configuration. But Cr2+ is reducing and Mn3+ is oxidising. Why? (1)
b) Which of the following is not a Lanthanoid element?
i) Cerium ii) Europium iii) Lutetium iv) Thorium (1) [March 2017]
12. Transition elements are d-block elements and inner transition elements are f-block elements.
(i) Write any two properties of transition elements. (1)
(ii) Name a transition metal compound and write one use of it. (1)
(iii) What is Lanthanoid contraction? (1)
(iv) Write any two consequences of Lanthanoid contraction. (1) [SAY 2016]
13. a) Which of the following oxidation state is not shown by Manganese?
(i) +1 (ii) +2 (iii) +4 (iv) +7 (1)
b) Represent the structure of dichromate ion. (1)
c) Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidizing agent. Write oxidizing reactions of KMnO4. (2)
[March 2016]
14. a) Which of the following oxidation state is common for lanthanides?
i) +2 ii) +3 iii) +4 iv) +5 (1)
b) Draw the structures of chromate and dichromate ions. (1)
c) Zirconium (Zr) belongs to ‘4d’ and Hafnium (Hf) belongs to ‘5d’ transition series. It is difficult to
separate them. Explain. (2) [SAY 2015]
15. Fourteen elements following Lanthanum are called Lanthanoids:
a) What is Lanthanoid contraction? Give reason for it? (2)
b) KMnO4 is a purple coloured crystal and it acts as an oxidant. How will you prepare KMnO4 from MnO2?
(2) [March 2015]
16. Potassium dichromate is an orange coloured crystal and is an important compound used as an oxidant in
many reactions.
a) How do you prepare K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore? (3)
b) How will you account for the colour of potassium dichromate crystals? (1) [March 2014]
17. Potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate are two transition metal compounds.
a) Write any four characteristics of transition metals. (2)
b) i) Write any two uses of potassium permanganate. (1)
i) Draw the structure of dichromate ion. (1) [SAY 2014]
18. Account for the following trends in atomic and ionic radii of transition elements.
a) Ions of the same charge in a given series (3d, 4d or 5d) show progressive decrease in radii with
increasing atomic number. (1)
b) The atomic radii of elements in 4d series are more than that of corresponding elements in 3d series.
(1)
c) The atomic radii of the corresponding elements in 4d series and 5d series are virtually the same. (2)
[March 2013]
19. d block elements belong to groups 3 – 12 in the periodic table, in which the d orbitals are progressively
filled.
a) What is their common oxidation state? (½ )
b) Name two important compounds of transition elements. (1)
c) Transition elements form a large number of complex compounds. Why? (1½ )
d) What is misch metal? (1) [SAY 2013]

20. Assume that you are going to present a seminar on transition elements. Prepare a seminar paper by
stressing any four important properties of transition elements. (4) [SAY 2012]
21. a) Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is an important compound of chromium. Describe the method of
preparation of potassium chromate from chromite ore. (3)
b) The gradual decrease in the size of lanthanoid elements from lanthanum to lutetium is known as
lanthanoid contraction. Write any one consequence of lanthanoid contraction. (1) [March 2012]
th
22. a) Atomic size increases as we come down a group, but in 4 group of the periodic table, Zr and Hf have
almost similar atomic size. Why? (1½)
0
b) E (std. electrode potential) values generally become less negative as we move across a transition
series, but E0 values of Ni/Ni2+ and Zn/Zn2+ values are exceptions. Justify. (2½) [March 2011]
23. Transition elements are d-block elements, with some exceptions. Usually they are paramagnetic. They
show variable oxidation states. They and their compounds show catalytic activity.
a) Zn (atomic number = 30) is not a transition element, though it is a d block element. Why? (1)
b) Which is more paramagnetic, Fe2+ or Fe3+? Why? (1)
c) Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states? (1)
d) What is the reason for their catalytic property? (1) [SAY 2011]
24. a) Transition elements are d-block elements. Write any 4 characteristic properties of transition
elements? (2)
b) Lanthanoids and actinoids are f-block elements.
i) What is the common oxidation state of Lanthanoids? (½)
ii) Name the Lanthanoid with common oxidation state +4. (½)
iii) It is difficult to separate Lanthanoids in the pure state. Explain. (1) [March 2010]
25. Potassium permanganate is a violet crystal. What are the products obtained on strong heating of KMnO4
crystals? Write the balanced chemical equation. (2) [March 2010]
26. Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidising agent in neutral, acidic and alkaline medium. In the lab,
students were asked to convert an iodide to iodate. One of the students obtained I2 instead of iodate.
a) i) What is the reaction to be carried out by the students who got iodate? Write the chemical
equation. (1½ )
ii) What may be the reaction carried out by the student who got I2 as one of the products? (1)
b) i) Suppose you are going the same experiment with the iodide using Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).
What are the products going to be obtained? Write down the chemical equation. (1½ )
ii) What is Baeyer’s reagent? (1) [March 2009]
27. Potassium permanganate and Potassium dichromate are oxidising agents.
a) Name the ores of the above compounds from which they are prepared. (½ )
b) Give one example each for the oxidising property of them. Write down the balanced chemical
equation. (2) [March 2009]
28. Transition elements show variable oxidation states and many of the transition metal ions are attracted by
a magnetic field.
a) Give reason for variability of oxidation state. (1)
b) Name the two types of magnetic behaviour. (1)
c) The observed magnetic moment of Sc3+ was found to be zero. Calculate the magnetic moment of Sc3+
using the spin-only formula and compare the result of observed and calculated magnetic moment. (2)
[March 2008]
29. A list of Lanthanide ions are given:
La3+, Ce4+, Yb2+, Lu3+
Atomic numbers of La, Ce, Yb and Lu are 57, 58, 70 and 71 respectively.

a) Give the number of unpaired electrons in each ion. (1)
b) Identify the ions which are paramagnetic. Justify. (1½ )
c) Identify the ions which are colourless. Give reason. (1½) [SAY 2008]
9. CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
1) The crystal field splitting energy for Octahedral (∆o) and Tetrahedral (∆t) complexes are related as
(a) ∆t = 3/5∆o (b) ∆t = 5/3∆o (c) ∆t = 4/9∆o (d) ∆t = 9/4 ∆o (1)
2) Write the IUPAC name of the following :
(i) [Ni(CO)4] (ii) K4[Fe(CN)6] (2)
2+
3) Draw the geometrical isomers of [PtCl2(en)2] . Which among the isomer is optically active? Give reason.
(4) [SAY 2019]
4) Identify the co-ordination compound which can exhibit linkage isomerism, among the following:
(a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (b) [Co(NH3)5(SO4)]Br (c) [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2 (d) [Cr(NH3)6][CoF6] (1)
2+
4) (i) With the help of a diagram give the splitting of d-orbitals of Mn ion in an octahedral crystal field. (2)
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, explain why [Mn(H2O)6]2+ contains five unpaired electrons while
[Mn(CN)6]4- contains only one unpaired electron. (2) [March 2019]
5) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds :
(a) [Ni(CO)4]
(b) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] (2)
6) Draw a diagram depicting crystal field splitting in an octahedral environment of d-orbitals. Label the diagram
properly. Calculate the crystal field stabilization energy for a d3 configuration. (4) [SAY 2018]
2-
7) Explain how the complexes of nickel, [Ni(CN)4] and [Ni(CO)4] have different structures, but do not differ in
their magnetic behaviour. (Atomic no. of Ni = 28) (2)
8) (a) Draw the structures of geometrical isomers of [Fe(NH3)2(CN)4] – (2)
(b) Write the formula of pentaamminecarbonatocobalt (lll) chloride. (1)
(c) Write any two limitations of valance bond theory. (1) [March 2018]
9) a) In which of the following, the central atom/ion is in zero oxidation state.
i) [Ni(CN)4]2- ii) [NiCl4]2- iii) [Ni(CO)4] iv) [Ni(NH3)6]2+ (1)
2-
b) [Ni(CN)4] has square planar structure and it is diamagnetic.
i) On the basis of valence bond theory explain why [Ni(CN)4]2- exhibit these properties. (2)
ii) Identify the ligand in the above mentioned complex. (1) [SAY 2017]
10) [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl and [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4 are co-ordination compounds.
a) Identify the isomerism shown by the above compounds. (1)
b) Write the IUPAC names of the above compounds. (2)
c) Identify the ligands in each of the above compounds. (1) [March 2017]
11) Consider the co-ordination compound [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2.
a) Write the IUPAC name of the above compound. (1)
b) i) What is the primary valency and secondary valency of the central metal ion in the above co-ordination
compound? (1)
ii) Write the name of isomerism exhibited by the complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. Represent the possible isomers.
(2) [SAY 2016]

12) a) Write down the ionization isomer of [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4. (1)
b) Write the IUPAC name of the above compound. (1)
2-
c) [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic while [NiCl4] is paramagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why? (2)
[March 2016]
13) a) Write the IUPAC name of the complex K3[Cr(C2O4)3]. (1)
b) Draw the figure to show the splitting of ‘d’ orbitals in octahedral crystal field. (1)
3+ 3-
c) [Fe(H2O)6] is strongly paramagnetic, whereas [Fe(CN)6] is weakly paramagnetic. Write the reason. (2)
[SAY 2015]
14) Co-ordination compounds contain central metal atom/ion and ligands.
a) Primary valency of central metal atom/ion in [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 is:
i) 3 ii) 6 iii) 4 iv) 9 (1)
b) i) What are the postulates of Werner’s theory? (2)
ii) Write the IUPAC names of K3[Fe(CN)6] and [Co(NH3)6]Cl3. (1) [March 2015]
15) [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl is an octahedral co-ordination compound.
a) Write the IUPAC name of the above compound. (1)
b) Write the formula of the ionization isomer of the above compound. (1)
c) How do d - orbitals split in an octahedral crystal field? (1)
d) Draw the diagram which indicates the splitting of d-orbitals in tetrahedral field. (1) [March 2014]
16) a) Valence Bond Theory (VBT) can explain the magnetic behaviour and shape of complexes. Using VBT
explain the diamagnetism and square planar shape of [Ni(CN)4]2-. (2)
b) i) Suggest the shape of the following complexes – [Ni(CO)4] and [CoF6]3- (1)
ii) The central ion Co3+ with co-ordination number 6 is bonded to the ligands NH3 and Br- to form a
dipositive complex ion. Write the formula or IUPAC name of the complex ion. (1) [SAY 2014]
17) Many theories have been put forth to explain the nature of bonding in co-ordination compounds.
a) On the basis of valence bond theory account for the diamagnetic behaviour of [Ni(CN)4]2-. (1½)
b) What is the shape of the above complex? (½ )
c) Arrange the following ligands in the increasing order of their field strengths (as in spectro chemical
series).
Cl-, CO, H2O, OH- (1) [SAY 2013]
18) The magnetic behaviour of a complex can be explained on the basis of Valence Bond (V.B) theory.
a) [Co(NH3)6]3+ is a diamagnetic complex and [CoF6]3- is a paramagnetic complex. Substantiate the above
statement using V.B theory. (3)
b) Classify the above mentioned complexes into inner orbital and outer orbital complexes. (1)
[March 2011 & 2013]
19) [Cr(NH3)5CO3]Cl is a co-ordination compound.
a) Name the central metal ion of the above compound. (1)
b) What is the IUPAC name? (1)
c) Name the ligands present in the above compound. (1)
d) Whether the ligands present in the above compound are ambidentate ligands? Why? (1)
e) What is the ionisation isomer of the above mentioned co-ordination compound? (1) [SAY 2012]

20) Consider the co-ordination compound [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br.
a) Write the IUPAC name of the above co-ordination compound. (1)
b) What are the primary and secondary valencies of the central metal cobalt in the above co-ordination
compound? (1)
c) Which type of structural isomerism is exhibited by the above co-ordination compound? (1) [March
2012]
21) The central ion Ag+ with co-ordination number 2 forms a positive complex ion with NH3 ligand. Also Ag+
forms a negative complex with CN- ligand.
a) Write the formulae of the above positive and negative complex ions. Give the IUPAC name of each. (2)
b) Give the denticity of NH3 and CN- ligands. (1)
c) Write the formula and name of a hexadentate ligand. (1) [SAY 2011]
22) [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Br is a co-ordination compound.
a) Identify the central metal ion of the above compound. (½ )
b) Name the ligands present in it. (1)
c) What is its co-ordination number? (½)
d) Write the IUPAC name. (1)
e) Write the ionisation isomer of the above compound. (1) [March 2010]
23) Na2EDTA is used in the estimation of hardness of water.
a) Draw the structure of EDTA4-. (1)
b) What is its denticity? (½)
c) What are the donor atoms in it? (½)
d) Why is it called a chelating ligand? (1) [March 2010]
- -
24) a) NO2 and ONO constitute ambidentate ligands. Give another set of ambidentate ligands. (1)
4-
b) EDTA is a chelating ligand. Give two other examples. (1)
c) Give the denticity of NO2- and NH3. (1) [March 2010]
25) The central metal ion Co with co-ordination number 6 can form a series of complexes in which both Cl- and
3+
NH3 are acting as ligands.

a) Give the formulae of each complex molecule (three molecules). (1½)
b) Give the IUPAC names of the above complexes. (1½) [March 2009]
26) A list of co-ordination compounds are given below: [PtCl2(NH3)2], [PtCl2(NH3)4]Br2, [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3.
Which type of isomerism do these compounds exhibit? (3) [March 2008]
27) Teacher asked two students to write the electronic configuration of d4 system using CFT.
Student I: t2g3 eg1
Student II: t2g4 eg0
a) Suggest which student gives correct configuration. Justify your answer. (2)
b) Draw figure to show splitting of degenerate‘d’ orbitals in an octahedral crystal field. (1) [SAY 2008]
10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

1. Explain SN1mechanism with suitable examples. (3)
2. Write the reaction of ethyl bromide with the following reagents :
(a) aq. KOH (b) KCN (c) AgCN (3) [SAY 2019]
3. 2-Bromobutane is optically active. Explain the stereo-chemical aspect of SN1 reaction of 2-Bromobutane with
OH- ions. (2)
4. How can the following conversions be effected?
(i) Ethanol to Fluoroethane (2)
(ii) But-1-ene to But-2-ene (2) [March 2019]
5. Give one use each of Freon 12, DDT, CCl4 and CHI3. (2)
6. Write equations showing Wurtz-Fittig reaction and Fittig reaction. (2) [SAY 2018]
7. During the B-elimination reaction of 2-bromopentane in an alcoholic solution of KOH results Pent-2-ene as
the major product and pent-1-ene as the minor product. State the rule to explain the reaction. (2)
8. Complete the reactions:
(a) CH3CH2Br AgCN ……………..
(b) CH3CH2Br Na …………………...
Dry ether (2) [March 2018]
9. On kinetic consideration nucleophilic substitution in aryl/alkyl halides may be SN1 or SN2 mechanisms.
a) Briefly explain SN2 mechanism with an example. (2)
b) In dehydrohalogenation of 2-Bromopentane why Pent-2-ene is major product and Pent-1-ene is minor
product. (2) [SAY 2017]
10. a) An ambident nucleophile is:
i) Ammonia ii) Ammonium ion iii) Chloride ion iv) Nitrite ion (1)
b) Haloalkanes and haloarenes are organohalogen compounds.
i) Suggest a method for the preparation of alkyl chloride. (1)
ii) Aryl halides are less reactive towards Nucleophilic substitution reactions. Give reason. (2)
[March 2017]
11. Haloalkanes and haloarenes are compounds containing halogen atom. They undergo many types of reactions.
a) Identify the product formed in the following reaction:
CH3-CH2-CH2Cl alc. KOH
i) CH3-CH2-CH2-OH ii) CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 iii) CH3-CH=CH2 iv) CH3-C≡CH (1)
b) i) Chloroform is stored in closed, dark coloured bottles completely filled up to the neck. Give reason. (1)
ii) Write any two differences between SN1 and SN2 reactions. (2) [SAY 2016]
12. Aryl halides are less reactive in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
a) i) Write any two reasons for less reactivity. (1)
ii) Give one example for nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides. (1)
b) Write a method for the preparation of alkyl halides.
c) Which of the following is not a polyhalogen compound?
(a) Chloroform (b) Freon (c) Carbon tetrachloride (d) Chloro benzene (1) [March 2016]
13. i) State Saytzeff rule. (1)
ii) Identify the major and minor products obtained by the reaction between 2-bromobutane and alcoholic
KOH. (1)
iii) Write the product obtained by the reaction between 2-bromobutane and aqueous KOH. (1)
iv) 2-Bromobutane exhibit optical isomerism. What is optical isomerism? (1) [SAY 2015]
14. a) Among the following which one is chlorine containing insecticide?
i) DDT ii) Freon iii) Phosgene iv) Iodoform (1)
b) Haloarenes undergo Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
i) What is Wurtz-Fittig reaction? (1)

ii)
Write the formulae of A and B in the above reaction. (2) [March 2015]
15. a) Most important chemical reactions of halo alkanes are their subs
substitution
titution reactions.
i) What is SN1 reaction? (1)
ii) Arrange the four isomeric bromobutanes in the increasing order of reactivity towards SN1 reaction.
(2)
b) How will you prepare chlorobenzene from benzene diazonium chloride? (1) [March 2014]
16. a) i) Write ‘Saytzeff rule’ (1)
ii) The products A and B of the following reaction are two isomeric alkanes. Identify A & B.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(Br)-CH3 alc. KOH A+B
b) Identify the main products of the following reactions? Suggest whether the reaction is SN1 or SN2?
17. a) For the preparation of alkyl chlorides from alcohols, thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is preferred. Give reason. (1)
b) Halo alkanes undergo β-elimination
elimination reaction in presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide.
i) Which is the major product obtained by the β-elimination of 2-bromo
bromo pentane. (½)
ii) Name the rule, which leads to the product in the above elimination reaction. (1)
c) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of toluene by Wurtz
Wurtz-Fittig
Fittig reaction. (1½) [March
2013]
18. Haloarenes undergo nucleophilic
eophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions.
a) Write two examples for ambident nucleophiles. (1)
b) Write one example for nucleophilic substitution reaction of chlorobenzene. (1)
c) Write any 2 examples of electrophilic substitution reaction of chlorobenzene
chlorobenzene. (2) [SAY 2012, 2013
&March 10]
19. Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types – SN1 reactions and SN2 reactions.
i) Write any 2 differences between SN1 and SN2 reactions. (2)
ii) Write any 2 reasons for the less reactivity of aryl halides towards nucleoph
nucleophilic
ilic substitution reactions (2)
[March 12]
20. Haloalkanes and haloarenes react with metals to give hydrocarbons or products from which hydrocarbons
are obtained easily.
a) Identify the product and the name of the reaction:

(1)
b) Identify the product and the name of the reaction: + Na + CH3-CH2-X dry ether

(1)
c) Identify A & B.
(2) [March 2011]

21. Alkyl halides are the starting materials for the synthesis of a number of organic compounds. How are the
following compounds obtained from alkyl halide CH3-CH2-Br?
a) Ethane (1)
b) Ethanol (1)
c) Butane (1)
d) Ethoxy ethane (1) [SAY 2011]
22. a) Most of the organic chlorides, bromides and iodides react with certain metals to give compounds
containing carbon – metal bonds.
i) Give one example for such compound. (1)
ii) How will you prepare the above compound? (1)
iii) How many chiral carbon and optical isomers are there for lactic acid? (1) [March 2010]
23. a) CH3-CH2-Br ? CH3-CH2-I (1)
b) CH3-CH2-CH2-Br alc. KOH ? (1)
c) Freons are known with respect to ozone layer depletion.
i) What are freons? (1)
ii) How can you prepare a Freon from CCl4? (1) [March 2009]
10. a) You want to prepare CH3-CH2-CH2-Br from CH3-CH-CH2. What are the reagents you require? (1)
b) C6H5-CH2-Cl can be converted to C6H5-CH2-OH by boiling with aqueous alkali. However C6H5-Cl cannot be
converted to C6H5-OH by this method. Explain. (3) [March 2008]
11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

1. Write the preparation of propan-2-ol from a Grignard reagent. (2)
2. Phenols are acidic. Why? (2)
3. (a) What is cumene? Explain the preparation of phenol from cumene. (3)
(b) Identify the compound A.
OH
Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 A (1)
[SAY 2019]
4. Write the chemical equation representing Reimer-Tiemann reaction. (2)
5. Give the structural formula and IUPAC name of the product formed by the reaction of propanone with
CH3MgBr in dry ether, followed by hydrolysis. (2)
6. Predict the products obtained by the reaction of 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane with HI. (2) [March 2019]
7. (a) Predict the products A and B.
3CH3 - CH =CH2 + (H - BH2)2 A H2O2/OH- B
(b) How methanol is prepared industrially? (4) [SAY 2018]
8. (a) Grignard reagents are important class of organometallic compounds used to prepare alcohols. Identity
the compounds A and B and write the formula.

(b) Write the name of products formed when salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride in acid
medium. (4) [March 2018]
9. a) Identify the product:
HCHO CH3MgX/H2O ……………..
i) CH3OH ii) CH3CH2OH iii) CH3-CH-CH3 iv) CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 (1)

OH OH
b) Complete the following:
(3) [SAY 2017]

10. a) Arrange the following compounds in the order of increasing boiling points:
Ethanol, Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol (1)
b) In the lab, students were asked to carry out the reaction between phenol and conc. HNO3. But one
student, ‘A’ carry out the reaction between phenol and dil. HNO3. Do you think the student ‘A’ got the
same result as others. Substantiate with suitable explanations. [also write the chemical equations
wherever necessary]. (3) [March 2017]
11. a) Phenol when treated with Conc. HNO3 gives,
(i) o-Nitrophenol (ii) p-Nitrophenol (iii) 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (iv) a mixture of o-
nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol (1)
b) Methanol and ethanol are two commercially important alcohols. Write one method each for the
preaparation of methanol and ethanol. (3) [SAY 2016]
12. a) Complete the following:
(2)

b) Explain the following:
i) Esterification
ii) Williamson Synthesis (2) [March 2016]
13. a) Write a test to distinguish between phenol and alcohol. (1)
b) Write suitable reagent(s) used for the following conversions:
i) CH3-CH2-Cl CH3-CH2-OH
ii) CH3-CH2-OH CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3
iii) OH OH
CHO
(3) [SAY 2015]
14. Alcohols are compounds with general formula R-OH.
a) Alcohols are soluble in water. Give reason? (1)
b) i) Explain a method for the manufacture of ethanol. (2)
ii) How will you convert phenol to benzene? (1) [March 2015]
15. a) How will you prepare the following compounds using a Grignard reagent?
i) Primary alcohol
ii) Secondary alcohol (2)
b) How will you distinguish primary and secondary alcohols using Luca’s test? (1)
c) Write the correct pair of reactants for the preparation of t-butyl ether by Williamson synthesis. (1)
[March 2014]
16. a) Write the name or formula of the following:
i) A simple ether
ii) A mixed ether
iii) A dihydric alcohol
iv) A trihydric alcohol (2)
b) Phenol on treatment with Br2 in CS2 at low temperature gives two isomeric monobromophenols ‘X’ and
‘Y’. But phenol on treatment with bromine water gives a white precipitate ‘Z’. Identify the products ‘X’,
‘Y’ and ‘Z’. (2) [SAY 2014]
17. a) Write the IUPAC names of all the possible isomers with molecular formula C3H8O (1½)
b) Phenol is usually manufactured from cumene. Write the structure of cumene. (½)
c) Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can be distinguished by Lucas test.
i) What is Lucas reagent? (½)
ii) Write the observations, for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols in Lucas test. (1½) [March 2013]
18. How are the following conversions carried out? Represent the chemical reactions.
a) Ethanol to ethanal (1)
b) Phenol to picric acid (1)
c) Phenol to benzene (1)
d) Phenol to tribromophenol (1) [June 2013]
19. a) Write the name or structure of the compounds A and B in the following reactions:
A CHCl3 + NaOH C6H5OH NaOH/CO2 B
H+ H+ (2)
b) Vapours of an alcohol ‘C’ on passing over heated copper produce compound ‘D’. ‘D’ on reaction with
CH3MgCl followed by hydrolysis produces 2-methylbutan-2-ol. Write the name or structure of compounds
‘C’ and ‘D’. (2) [March 2012]
20. Methanol and ethanol are two commercially important alcohols.
i) Write one method of preparation of methanol and ethanol. (2)

ii) Name the products obtained when ethanol is treated with CrO3 in anhydrous medium. (1)
iii) The boiling point of ethanol is higher than that of methoxy methane. Give reason. (1) [SAY 2012]
21. Ethers are generally non-reactive compounds. One of the important reactions of ethers is the action of HI.
C6H5-O-CH3 HI A + B
Identify A and B. explain the reaction. (4) [March 2011]
22. Mixture of Conc. HCl and anhydrous ZnCl2 is an important reagent which helps to distinguish between 10,
20 and 30 alcohols.
a) Give the name of the above reagent. (½)
0 0 0
b) Give one example each for 1 , 2 and 3 alcohols. (1½)
c) Explain how the above reagent helps to distinguish above three types of alcohols. (2) [SAY 2011]
23. Phenols are more acidic than alcohols.
a) Name the product obtained when phenol is treated with chloroform in the presence of NaOH. (½)
b) Name the above reaction. (½)
c) What is the product obtained when phenol is treated with Conc. HNO3? (½)
d) Write the structure and IUPAC name of the above product. (1)
e) Ethanol and propane have comparable molecular masses, but their boiling points differ widely. Which
of them have higher boiling points? Substantiate your answer. (1½) [March 2010]
24. Ethanol can be prepared by treating HCHO and CH3CH2MgBr.
a) Is the above statement true? (1)
b) Justify your answer. (2) [March 2010]
25. Williamson’s synthesis is an important method of ether synthesis.
c) To synthesis tertiary butyl ether, which of the following reagent sets are better? Justify.
i) (CH3)3C-Br + CH3ONa
ii) (CH3)3C-ONa + CH3-Br. (2)
d) Explain the cleavage of C-O in CH3-CH2-O-CH3 when treated with HI. (1)
26. The bond angle in C-O-H in alcohols is slightly less than tetrahedral angle.
a) Give the reason for the difference in the bond angle observed in alcohol. (1)
b) What is the bond angle in C-O-H in phenol? Give the reason for the variation. (2)
c) Alcohols undergo dehydration. How is ethanol converted to ethene? (1) [March 2008]
12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
1. Describe the following with equations : (a) Etard reaction (b) Aldol condensation (4) [SAY 2019]
2. Identify the products and give the name of the following reaction :
C6H5-CHO conc. NaOH/∆ Products (2)
3. Explain Haloform reaction. (2)
4. Identify A, B and C in the following sequence of reactions :
CH3COOH + NH3 CH3COO-NH4+ ∆ A H3O+ B Br2/Red P C (3) [March 2019]
5. Identify A and B in the following equations :
(2)
6. How the conversion of carbon dioxide to carboxylic acid can be effected using Grignard reagent? (2)

7. How the conversion of an aldehyde to acetal can carry out? (Write chemical equations) (3) [SAY 2018]
8. Aromatic aldehydes undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. Write the nitration reaction of benzaldehyde with
chemical equation. (2)
9. Briefly describe Gattermann Koch reaction. (2)
10. How would you account for the followings :
a) Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reaction.
b) Boiling point of aldehydes are lower than alcohols.
c) Addition reaction of sodium hydrogen sulphite is useful for the separation and purification of aldehydes. (3x1
=3) [March 2018]
11. a) Which among the following reduces Tollen’s reagent?
i) Methanal ii) Propanone iii) Benzophenone iv) Acetophenone (1)
b) Since both aldehydes and ketones possess carbonyl functional group, they undergo similar chemical reactions.
i) Explain the structure of carbonyl group. (2)
ii) Explain aldol condensation with an example. (2) [SAY 2017]
12. a) Which among the following does not give red precipitate with Fehling’s solution?
i) Ethanal ii) Propanal iii) Butanal iv) Benzaldehyde (1)
b) How will you bring about the following conversions?
i) Toluene to Benzaldehyde
ii) Benzoic acid to Benzamide (2)
c) Explain Cannizaro reaction with an example. (2) [SAY 2017]
3. a) The product obtained when benzene is treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride in presence of
anhydrous AlCl3 is:
i) Chlorobenzene ii) Phenol iii) Benzaldehyde iv) Benzoic acid (1)
b) How will you carry out the following conversions?
(iii) CH3-CH2-COOH CH3-CH2-CH2-OH

(IV) CH3-COOH CH3-CO-O-CO-CH3 (acetic anhydride) (4) [March 2017]
4. Explain the following:
i) Esterification ii) Tollen’s test iii) HVZ reaction iv) Decarboxylation of carboxylic acid (4) [March
2017]
5. Aldehydes and ketones are the compounds having >C = O group.
a) Choose the IUPAC name of the compound CH3-CH = CH-CHO
(i) Propen-1-al (ii) But-2-en-1-al (iii) Butanal (iv) But-2-en-2-al (1)
b) Complete the following reactions:
(i) HCHO + Conc. KOH ∆
(ii) CH3-CHO dil. NaOH
(iii) CH3-CHO + H2N-NH2

(iv) C6H5COCH3 Zn/Hg + HCl (4)
6. Aldehydes, ketones and acids contain >C = O group.
a) Choose the IUPAC name of the compound (CH3)2CH-COOH.
(i) Butanoic acid (ii) Ethanoic acid (iii) 2-Methylpropanoic acid (iv) Propanoic acid (1)
b) Complete the following reactions:
(i) CH3-CH2-COOH LiAlH4/ether
(ii) CH3-CH2-COOH + SOCl2
(iii) CH3-CH2-COOH Br2/Red P
(iv) CH3-CH2-COOH + CH3-OH H+ (4) [SAY 2016]
7. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids are Carbonyl compounds.
a) Aldehydes differ from Ketones in their oxidation reactions. Illustrate with one example. (1)
b) How will you prepare benzaldehyde by Gatterman-Koch reaction? (1)
c) Write the reactions of carboxylic acid with the following reagents. (Write the chemical equations)
(i) Thionyl chloride (SOCl2)
(ii) Chlorine in presence of small amount of red phosphorous.
(iii) Lithium Aluminium hydride (LiAlH4)/ether. (3)
8. a) Write a test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. (1)
b) How will you prepare benzaldehyde by Etard's reaction? (1)
c) How will you bring about the following conversions? (Write the chemical equations)
(i) Ethanol → Ethanoic acid
(ii) Benzamide → benzoic acid
(iii) Benzaldehyde → meta nitrobenzaldehyde (3) [March 2016]
9. a) Explain aldol condensation taking CH3-CHO as example. (2)
b) Write the named reactions involved in the following conversions:
i) CH3-CO-Cl H2/Pd-BaSO4 CH3-CHO
ii) 2 HCHO NaOH HCOONa + CH3-OH (1)
c) How are the following conversions achieved?
i) CH3-CN CH3-COOH
ii) CH3-COOH CH2Cl-COOH (2) [SAY 2015]
10. Aldehydes, Ketones and Acids contain >C=O group.
a) Name the product obtained by the reaction between acetic acid and ethanol. (1)
b) (i) Give any two tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. (2)
(ii) Two chemical reactions are given below:
(1) Identify the products of each reaction.
(2) Give the name of each reaction.
CH3
C=O Zn/Hg
CH3 HCl
CO/HCl
An. AlCl3/Cu (2) [March 2015]
11. a) Aldol condensation reaction is a special reaction of aldehydes.
i) What is aldol condensation reaction? (1)
ii) Write the structural formula of aldol formed from ethanal (1)

b) Write simple chemical tests and observations used to distinguish between the following compounds:
i) Propanal and propanone (1)
ii) Phenol and benzoic acid (1)
c) Write the names of the reagents used to bring about the following transformations
i) C6H5 COCl → C6H5 CHO
ii) CH3 COOH → CH2Cl-COOH (1) [March 2014]
12. a) Methanal (HCHO) is an aldehyde having no α-hydrogen atom. What are the products formed when methanal is
treated with strong KOH solution? (1)
b) How are the following conversions achieved?
i) Benzoyl chloride (C6H5 COCl) to benzaldehyde (C6H5-CHO)
ii) Acetic acid (CH3COOH) to chloroacetic acid (CH2Cl-COOH)
iii) Benzene to Benzaldehyde
iv) Ethanal (CH3-CHO) to Ethane (CH3-CH3) (1 X 4 = 4) [SAY 2014]
13. a) Among formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and formic acid, which compounds undergo Cannizzaro reaction? Give
reason. (1½ )
b) What is esterification? (1)
c) Thionyl chloride is preferred to as the reagent to prepare acid chlorides. Why? (½)
d) Write the chemical reaction to effect the transformation of sodium acetate to ethane. (1)
e) Write the IUPAC names of the compounds given below.
i) CH3-CH2-CO-CH3 ii) HOOC-CH2-COOH. (1) [SAY 2013]
14. a) Suggest a method of preparation of benzaldehyde from toluene.(1)
b) Aldehydes and ketones differ in their chemical reactions. How do they react with the following?
i) Tollens' reagent ii) Alcohol. (2)
c) How will you convert propanoic acid into the following compounds?
i) Ethane ii) Butane. (2) [March 2013]
15. a) Complete the following: Write down the structures of A, B and C.
i) CH3-CH2-CHO KMnO4 A
ii) CH3-CH2-CO-CH3 Zn amalgam/HCl B
iii) CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH Bromine/Red P C
H2O
b) Write down the IUPAC names of A, B and C. (1½)
c) Explain the following reactions. i) Cannizzaro reaction. Ii) Esterification. (1) [SAY 2012]
16. a) Which named reaction is used to reduce CH3-CO-Cl to CH3-CHO? (1)
b) Aldehydes and ketones undergo reactions due to the presence of α-hydrogen atom.
i) Write the name reaction of aldehyde which takes place only because of the presence of α-hydrogen atom. (1)
ii) How will you bring about the above reaction? (1)
c) i) CH2Cl-COOH is a strong acid than CH3COOH. Why?
ii) How will you convert CH3-COOH to CH2Cl-COOH? (2) [March 2012]
17. Aldehydes resemble ketones in many respects.
a) Give the reason for their resemblance. (1)
b) Give a reaction in which aldehydes resemble ketones. (1)
c) Write two tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. (2)
d) What is Cannizzaro reaction? (1) [SAY 2011]
COOH
18. NO2 is an aromatic acid

NO2

a) What is its IUPAC name? (½)
b) Explain the conversion of the above acid to the following:
CHO CH2OH CH2OH
i) NO2 NO2 NH2

NO2 NO2 NH2 ( 4½) [March 2011]
19. a) Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds containing carbonyl group.
i) Write a chemical reaction used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. (1)
ii) Aldehydes and ketones can be subjected to Clemmensen reduction and Wolff-Kishner reduction. Name the
reagents in both cases. (1)
b) How will you make the following conversions:
i) Ethanoic acid to ethanol.
ii) Propanoic acid to 2-chloropropanoic acid
iii) Toluene to benzoic acid. (3) [March 2010]
20. Nucleophilic addition reaction is a characteristic of carbonyl group.
a) Explain this with specific examples, how the reaction takes place, (2)
b) i) Show the order of reactivity of following compounds in nucleophilic addition;
CH3-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, H-CHO (1)
ii) Justify your answer. (2) [March 2009]
21. a) Show how aldehyde reacts with the following reagents.
i) NH2CONHNH2 (Semi carbazide)
ii) Zinc amalgam and conc. HCl (2)
b) i) How can you manufacture formic acid from CO? (1)
ii) Suggest a chemical test to distinguish this acid from acetic acid. Account for the observation. (2)
[March 2009]
22. Aliphatic aldehydes differ from aromatic aldehydes.
a) Give one example each for an aliphatic aldehyde and an aromatic aldehyde containing seven carbon atoms.
b) Give one reaction in which the above aldehydes differ. (3) [March 2008]
13. Amines
1. Explain the reaction of primary, secondary and tertiary amines with Hinsberg’s reagent. (3) [SAY
2019]
2. The reaction in which an amide is converted into a primary amine by the action of Br2 and alcoholic NaOH
is known as ……………. (1)
3. How is a primary amine distinguished from a secondary amine using a chemical test? (2) [March 2019]
4. Gabriel synthesis is used for the preparation of which type of amines?
i) Primary ii) Secondary iii) Tertiary iv) Quaternary (1)
5. Complete the following equations:
(2) [SAY 2018]

6. Name the test used to identify primary amines using CHCl3 and ethanolic KOH. (1)
7. How can it convert methyl iodide to ethanamine? (2) [March 2018]
8. a) The most basic compound among the following is:
i) C2H5NH2 ii) C6H5NH2 iii) NH3 iv) (C2H5)2NH (1)
b) Compound A is treated with Ethanolic NaCN to give the compound C2H5CN (B). Compound B on
reduction gives compound C. Identify compounds A and C. (2) [SAY 2017]
9. a) Classify the following amines as primary, secondary and tertiary:
(1)
b)
Identify the products B and C write their formulae. (2) [March 2017]
10. Amines are basic in nature.
a) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their basic strength.
NH3, C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH (1)
b) How will you convert aniline to chlorobenzene? (2) [SAY 2016]
11. Amines are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary amine.
a) Represent the structure of secondary and tertiary amine. (1)
b) How will you convert nitrobenzene to aniline? (1)
c) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. Why? (1) [March 2016]
12. a) Aromatic and aliphatic amines are basic in nature like ammonia. Arrange the following compounds in
the increasing order of their basic strength: CH3-NH2, (CH3)2NH, NH3, C6H5-NH2 (1)
b) How will you carry out the following reactions?
i) Hoffmann bromamide reaction ii) Carbyl amine reaction (2) [SAY 2015]
13. Amines are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary.
a) Write the IUPAC name of the following compound: H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 (1)
b) Which is stronger base: CH3-NH2 or C6H5-NH2? Why? (2) [March 2015]
14. a) Write a method of preparation of primary amines. (1)
b) Describe a chemical reaction given only by primary amines. (1)
c) What is diazotization?(1) [March 2014]
15. a) Amines are basic. Arrange the following amines in the increasing order of base strength.
CH3 NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2. (1)
b) Two well known reactions are given below:
Suggest the main product of each reaction.
i) CH3NH2 CHCl3 + alc. KOH
ii) CH3CONH2 Br2 + NaOH (1 X 2 = 2) [SAY 2014]
16. Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia.

a) Arrange the following amines in increasing order of their basic strength.
C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, NH3. (1)
b) Represent a reaction to explain the basic character of aniline. (1)
c) Name the reagents used in the Hoffmann bromamide reaction. (½)
d) What is the significance of the above reaction? (½)
e) Give one chemical test to distinguish between methyl amine and dimethyl amine. Write down the
chemical reaction. (1) [SAY 2013]
17. Amines are basic in nature.
a) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their basic strength.
NH3, C6H5 NH2, CH3 - NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N. (1)
b) How will you convert aniline (C6H5NH2) to chlorobenzene? (2) [March 2013]
18. Primary, secondary and tertiary amines can be distinguished by using Hinsberg’s reagent.
i) What is Hinsberg’s reagent?
ii) How will you distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amines using this reagent? (3) [March
12]
19. a) Carbyl amines have an offensive smell.
i) Write the carbyl amine reaction. (1)
ii) How will you convert aniline to phenol? (1)
b) How will you convert an amide into following?
i) An amine with one carbon atom less than that of the amide. (1)
ii) An amine containing same number of carbon atom as that in the amide. (1) [SAY 2012]
20. Amines are versatile functional group useful in the preparation of many organic compounds.
How can you convert?
i) CH2-NH2 COOH (1)
to
ii) COOH NH2 (2) [March 2011]

to
21. a) A student tried to prepare p-nitroaniline by nitrating Aniline with Conc. HNO3 – Conc. H2SO4 mixture.
But he got only m-nitroaniline. Why?(1½)
b) Explain how he should proceed to get p-nitroaniline from aniline. (1½) [March 2011]
22. Aniline is an aromatic primary amine. Starting with aniline a number of organic compounds can be
prepared.
a) How is aniline converted to benzene diazonium chloride? (1)

b) How are the following obtained from benzene diazonium chloride?
i) Chlorobenzene ii) Phenol (2) [SAY 2011]
23. Aromatic amines are important synthetic intermediates.
a) What are the products obtained when aniline is treated with bromine water? (1)
b) How will you convert nitrobenzene to aniline? (1)
c) Write down the isocyanide test for the primary amines. (1) [March 2010]
24. A student was asked to convert nitrobenzene to benzene. Teacher suggested that he should first treat
nitrobenzene with Sn and HCl and then proceed with the product obtained to get benzene. Write down
the reaction involved in the above process. (3) [March 2009]
14. BIOMOLECULES
1. Write any three differences of RNA and DNA. (3) {SAY 2019]
2. Give the open chain and ring structures of glucose and account for the existence of glucose in two anomeric forms.
(3) [March 2019]
3. Which vitamin is responsible for blood clotting? (1)
4. Describe primary and secondary structure of proteins. (2) [SAY 2018]
5. Which among the given vitamins is water soluble?
a) A b) B c) D d) E (1)
6. State two differences between globular and fibrous proteins. (2) [March 2018]
7. a) α-D-(+) glucose and β-D-(+) glucose are:
i) Metamers ii) Anomers iii) Geometrical isomers iv) Functional group isomers (1)
b) What is denaturation of proteins? (1)
c) Differentiate between nucleoside and nucleotide. (1) [SAY 2017]
8. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
i) Maltose ii) sucrose iii) fructose iv) cellulose (1)
b) Explain the amphoteric behaviour of aminoacid. (2) [March 2017]
9. Proteins are Biomolecules.
a) What is denaturation of protein? (1)
b) Match the following:
Vitamin A Glucose
Starch Zymase
Aldohexose Night blindness
Enzyme Amylose
Fructose (2) [SAY 2016]
10. Cane Sugar, Glucose and Starch are Carbohydrates.
a) Represent the structure of Glucose. (1)
b) Write a method to prepare Glucose from Starch. Write the chemical equation of the reaction. (1)
c) Suggest any two uses of Carbohydrates. (1) [March 2016]
11. Carbohydrates are broadly divided into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
a) Write one example each of monosaccharide and oligosaccharide. (1)
b) i) Write any one method of preparation of glucose. (1)
ii) What is a peptide linkage? (1) [March 2015]
12. a) Match the following structures of proteins in column I with their characteristic features in column II

Column I Column II
i) Primary structure a) Spatial arrangement of polypeptide sub
units
ii) Secondary structure b) Structure of amino acids
iii) Tertiary structure c) Folding of peptide chains
iv) Quaternary structure d) Sequence of amino acids
e) Fibrous of globular nature
(2)
b) What is denaturation of proteins? (1) [SAY 2015]
13. Biomolecules are formed by certain specific linkages between simple monomeric units. Write the names of linkages
and monomeric units in the following class of biomolecules.
i) Starch ii) Protein iii) Nucleic acid (3) [March 2014]
14. a) Name a fat soluble vitamin. Suggest a disease caused by its deficiency. (1)
b) what do you mean by the following:
i) Secondary structure of proteins.
ii) Nucleosides. (1 x 2 = 2) [SAY 2014]
15. Name the products obtained in the following reactions.
a) C6H12O6 Bromine water ………….. (½)
b) C6H12O6 HI/heat …………… (½)
c) What is invert sugar? (1)
d) Name two poly saccharides. (1) [SAY 2013]
16. a) Amino acids can be classified into essential amino acids and non essential amino acids.
i) What is the basis of such classification? (1)
ii) Write one example each for essential and non essential amino acids. (1)
b) Write any two differences between DNA and RNA. (1) [March 2013]
17. Proteins are important polymers of biological systems.
i) What is denaturation of proteins? (1)
ii) Give two examples of denaturation. (1) [SAY 2012 & March 2009]
18. a) Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
i) What is the basis of such classification? (1½)
ii) Give an example for an oligosaccharide. (½)
b) Vitamin ‘C’ is a vitamin found in fruits and vegetables. It cannot be stored in our body. Why? (1) [March 12]
19. Proteins are the polymers of α-aminoacids. The structure and shape of proteins can be discussed at four levels,
namely primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
Give an account of the structure and shape of proteins considering the above four levels. (3)
[SAY 2011]
20. a) Names of carbohydrates, their properties and structural patterns are given below. Match them properly.
(2)
Glucose Disaccharide d-1,4 link
Sucrose Reducing Galactoxide
Lactose Insoluble (in water) 1,6-linkage
Amylopectin Non-reducing Fructoxide
Trisaccharide Anomers present
Monosaccharide 2-glucose units linked
b) Proteins have polypeptide bonds. What are polypeptides? (1) [March 2011]

21. Carbohydrates are classified into three classes - monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
a) What are polysaccharides? (1)
b) Give two examples of polysaccharides? (1)
c) What is invert sugar ? (1)
d) What is the basic structural difference between Starch and Cellulose? (1) [March 2010]
22. Sucrose is fermented by yeast to ethyl alcohol. What are the enzymes used in this conversion? (2) [SAY 2008]
23. Glucose is commercially prepared from a polysaccharide.
a) Which is the polysaccharide used for the production of glucose? (1)
b) Name the process involved in the formation of glucose in the above method? (1) [March 2008]
15. POLYMERS
1. The monomer of natural rubber is …………. (1)

2. What are homopolymers and co-polymers? Give one example for each. (2) [SAY 2019]
3. The monomeric unit of natural rubber is ……………….. (1)
4. What is meant by step growth polymerisation? Give an example. (2) [March 2019]
5. Name the linear polymer formed during the condensation polymerisation between phenoI and
formaldehyde. (1)
6. Explain homopolymers and copolymers with examples. (2) [SAY 2018]
7. What is the cross-linked polymer obtained by the polymerisation of phenol and formaldehyde? (1)
8. Match the following :
(a) Polyacrylonitrile (i) Terylene
(b) 1,3-Butadiene-Acrylonitrile (ii) Natural rubber
(c) Ethylene glycol-Terephtalic acid (iii) Buna-N
(d) Cis-1,4-polyisoprene (iv) Acrylan
(2) [March 18]
9. a) Distinguish between thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers. (1)
b) Name the monomers in the following two polymers.
i) Nylon 6,6 ii) Buna-N (2) [SAY 2017]
10. a) Which of the following is not applicable to Nylon 6,6.
i) Synthetic polymer ii) Fibre iii) Addition polymer iv) Condensation polymer (1)
b) Differentiate between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Write one example each to them.
(2) [March 2017]
11. Polymers are of different types.
a) Identify the thermoplastic polymer from the following:
i) Bakelite ii) Nylon-6,6 iii) Neoprene iv) PVC (1)
b) What are biodegradable polymers? Write an example. (2) [SAY 2016]
12. Polymers can be classified based on molecular forces.
a) Classify the following polymers into elastomers and fibres:
Rubber, Nylon 6,6, Buna-S, Terylene (1)
b) What do you mean by thermosetting polymers? Give one example. (2) [March 2016]
13. Polymers are macromolecules formed by union of monomers.
a) Name one natural polymer and synthetic polymer. (1)
b) Distinguish between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic with example. (2) [March 2015]

14. Polymers are classified into elastomers, fibres, thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics depending on
the intermolecular forces. Fill in the vacant places given below:
Types of Polymer Polymer Monomer
Thermosetting Plastic (i) Phenol and formaldehyde
(ii) Natural Rubber (iii)
(iv) (v) Caprolactum
(vi) Polystyrene Styrene
( 3) [SAY 2015]
15. a) Write any two differences between step growth and chain growth polymerisation. (2)
b) what are the monomers of the following:
i) Neoprene
ii) Nylon – 6 (1) [March 2014]
16. a) Name two thermoplastics. (1)
b) Nylon 6,6 and Dacron are two synthetic fibres. Suggest the monomers of each. (1 x 2 = 2) [SAY 2014]
17. Natural rubber obtained from rubber latex is soft and sticky.
a) Suggest a method to improve the stiffness of rubber. (½)
b) Explain the above method. (1½)
c) Classify the following into natural and synthetic polymers: Nylon, Starch, Cellulose, PVC (1)
[SAY 2013]
18. a) Synthetic rubber is a Vulcanisable rubber like polymer.
i) Write one example for synthetic rubber. (½)
ii) Write the method of preparation of the above synthetic rubber. (1)
b) Which are the monomers of Nylon-6 and Nylon-6,6 ? (1½) [March 2013]
19. PVC, Bakelite and polythene are plastics.
a) Classify the above plastics into thermoplastics and thermo-setting plastics. (1½)
b) Name the monomer units of PVC and Bakelite. (1½) [SAY 2012 & SAY 2008]
20. a) Rubber is natural polymer obtained from the bark of rubber trees.
i) Name the monomer of natural rubber. (1)
ii) Vulcanisation improves elasticity of rubber. What is vulcanisation? (1)
iii) Write two examples for synthetic rubber. (1) [March 2012 & 2010]
21. Monomers polymerise to form polymers. Polymers can be classified in many ways.
a) Distinguish between homopolymer and co-polymer. (1)
b) Give the name or formula of the monomers in the following polymers:
i) Nylon-6,6 ii) Dacron (2) [SAY 2011]
22. a) LDPE is a homopolymer, while Nylon-6,6 is a co-polymer. Explain? (2)
b) Classify the following into homopolymer and co-polymer: Nylon-6, HDPE (1) [March 2011]
23. Based on the mode of polymerisation, we can classify polymers into addition and condensation polymers.
a) Classify the polymers given below into addition polymers and condensation polymers.
Terylene, PVC, Bakelite, polythene (2)
b) How will you prepare Nylon-6,6? (1) [March 2010]
24. Teflon is commonly used addition polymer.
a) What is Teflon? (1)
b) Mention any two uses of it. (1)
c) Name two other addition polymers. (1) [March 2009]
25. The rubber gets stiffened during the treatment of rubber with one solid element.
a) Name the process. (1)
b) Which element is used in the above process? (1)
c) What is the mechanism of stiffness? (1) [SAY 08]
26. Nylon-6 and Nylon-6,6 are polymers. What is the difference between the two notations? (3) [SAY 08]
27. Addition polymerisation is used for the production of important polymers.
a) Give one example for the addition polymer. (1)
b) What is the mechanism in addition polymerisation? (2) [March 2008]
16. CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE
1. Give an example for a Non-narcotic analgesic. (1)

2. Write the therapeutic action of the following drugs : (a) Antacids (b) Disinfectants (c) Antibiotics (3)
[SAY 2019]
3. Briefly explain different types of neurologically active drugs and give example for each type. (3)
[March 2019]
4. Which is the chemical substance discovered by Paul Ehlrich for the treatment of syphilis? (1)
5. Briefly explain different types of artificial sweetening agents. (2) [SAY 2018]
6. ……….. is an artificial sweetener which is unstable at cooking temperature. (1)
7. (a) What are drugs?
(b) Write an example for a drug classified based on its chemical structure. (2) [March 2018]
8. Match the following:
Column A Column B
i. Equanil a. Antacid
ii. Morphine b. Antiseptic
iii. Tetracycline c. Disinfectant
iv. Bithional d. Antibiotic
v. 1% phenol solution e. Tranquilizer
vi. Ranitidine f. analgesic
(3) [SAY 2017]
9. ‘Antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfeactants are antimicrobial drugs.’
Explain any one of the above mentioned drugs with example. (3) [March 2017]
10. Different drugs have different therapeutic action in our body. Write the therapeutic action of the
following drugs in our body.
(i) Analgesics (ii) Antibiotics (iii) Tranquilizers (3) [SAY 2016]
11. a) Identify an analgesic from the following :
(a) equanil (b) aspirin (c) serotonin (d) cimetidine (1)
b) Differentiate between antiseptics and antibiotics. (2) [March 2016]
12. Write the therapeutic action of the following drugs:
i) Antipyretic ii) Antiseptic iii) Antibiotic (3) [SAY 2015]
following drugs in our body:
i) Analgesics ii) Antibiotics iii) Antihistamines (3) [March 2015]
14. a) Antibiotics are classified into broad spectrum antibiotics and narrow spectrum antibiotics. Write one
each for these antibiotics. (1)
b) Write one similarity and one difference between antiseptics and disinfectants. (2) [March
2014]
15. Match the chemical terms shown in column I with the chemicals shown in column II

Column I Column II
1) Antacid a) Terfenadine
2) Antihistamine b) Ranitidine
3) Artificial sweetner c) Tetracycline
4) Bactericidal antibiotic d) Aspertame
5) Bacteriostatic antibiotic e) 1% phenol
6) Disinfectant f) Ofloxacin
(½ x 6 = 3) [SAY 2014]
16. Tranquilizers and analgesics are neurologically active drugs.
a) What are tranquilizers? Give one example. (1½)
b) What are analgesics? Give one example. (1½) [SAY 2013]
17. a) Chemotherapy is a term found in medical terminology.
a) What is chemotherapy? (1)
b) Synthetic detergents are classified into three categories.
i) What are the three categories? (1½)
ii) To which of the above categories of synthetic detergents, does the liquid dish washing detergents
belong? (½) [March 2013]
18. Antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs.
a) What is the major difference between antiseptics and disinfectants? (1)
b) Write one example each of antiseptics and disinfectants. (1)
c) What are antibiotics? (1) [SAY 2012 & March 2009]
following drugs in our body. I) Tranquilizers ii) Analgesics iii) Antibiotics (3) [March 2012]
20. Drugs play an important role in health maintenance. Analgesics and antibiotics are two important drugs.
a) Define each. (2)
b) Give one example of each. (1) [SAY 2011]
21. Detergents are used to remove oil and dirt from surfaces.
a) What are synthetic detergents? Give an example. (1)
b) What are anionic, cationic and non-ionic detergents? Illustrate with examples. (1½)
c) Which of the above type of synthetic detergent is used as dish washer? (½) [March 2011]
22. Antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs.
a) Give two examples for antibiotics. (1)
b) Write one similarity between antiseptics and disinfectants? (1)
c) Write one difference between antiseptics and disinfectants? (1) [[March 2010]
23. Classify the following drugs into analgesics, tranquilizers, antipyretics and antiseptics:
i) 0.2% Phenol ii) Aspirin iii) Tincture of iodine iv) Luminal (2) [March 2010]
24. Classify tetracycline and penicillin based on the range of micro-organisms attacked by them. (2)
[SAY 2008]
25. a) Chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress are called ……….. (1)
b) Give one example for the above drug. (1) [March 2008]
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PREVIOUS HSE CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS FROM 2008 TO 2019

1. The Solid State

iii) (1 ½) [March 2010]

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Based on the above curves answer the following questions.

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6. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESS OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

14) Sulphide ores are concentrated by froth floatation process.

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i) 2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2

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7. The P-block Elements

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8. d and f block elements

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NH3 are acting as ligands.

10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

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a) Identify the product and the name of the reaction:

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(2) [March 2011]

11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

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i) CH3OH ii) CH3CH2OH iii) CH3-CH-CH3 iv) CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 (1)

(3) [SAY 2017]

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(iii) CH3-CH2-COOH CH3-CH2-CH2-OH

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18. NO2 is an aromatic acid

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i) NO2 NO2 NH2

(2) [SAY 2018]

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9. a) Classify the following amines as primary, secondary and tertiary:

16. Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia.

ii) COOH NH2 (2) [March 2011]

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1. The monomer of natural rubber is …………. (1)

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1. Give an example for a Non-narcotic analgesic. (1)

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