NAME : ONG SING YEH

NPM : 160110132011
Indonesia is unquestionably one of the world’s top biodiversity rich countries and thus a
priority for global conservation. The reason why it has high levels of biodiversity is due
to its distribution over a wide tropical archipelago. The Indonesian archipelago’s 17,000
islands are home to roughly 12% of the world’s mammals, 16% of the world’s reptiles
and amphibians, 17% of the world’s birds and 45% of global fish populations. There are
two regions in Indonesia which contributes to two different faunal characteristics. The
two regions, western Indonesia (more influenced by Asian fauna) and east Indonesia
(more influenced by Australasian) are separated by a line known as the Wallace Line.
On the other hand, Malaysia is known to be a mega diverse country. The majority of the
country is covered in rainforest, which hosts a huge diversity of plant and animal
species. There are approximately 210 mammal species, 620 bird species, 250 reptile
species, and 150 frog species found in Malaysia. Its large marine territory also holds a
great diversity of life, with the country's coastal waters comprising part of the Coral
Triangle. Malaysia is estimated to contain 20% of the world's animal species, and
includes some of the most bio diverse areas on the planet. The waters around Sipadan
Island are the most bio diverse in the world. Bordering East Malaysia, the Sulu Sea is a
biodiversity hotspot, with around 600 coral species and 1200 fish species. Five species
of sea turtles inhabit the area, along with 20 species of Sea snake.
MAMMALS

Among the similarities of mammals that exist in both Indonesia and Malaysia are the
Borneo Orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus), the Sumatran Rhinoceros and the Asian
Elephant (also known as Borneo Elephant).

First of all, the Borneo Orang-utans is found in the Southern, Eastern and central of
Kalimantan, Indonesia; whereas in Malaysia, it is found in the forests of Sabah and
Sarawak.

Next is the Sumatran Rhinoceros. It is widely scattered across its range and can only be
found in parks and reserved terrestrial area such as Bukit Barisan Selatan National
Park,Gunung Leuser National Park, and Way Kambas National Park on Sumatra,
Indonesia and Danum Valley in Sabah, Malaysia, and on Indonesian Borneo west of
Samarindah. The Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra has the largest population.
Lastly is the Asian Elephant. The Sumatran elephant lives in Sumatra and Borneo
(Sabah and Sarawak). They are well known for their tusks and half of the population
was wiped out because of it.
REPTILES

Indonesia and Malaysia also share several similar reptiles such as Salt water crocodile
(Indo-Pacific crocodile), Reticulated Python and Monitor Lizard.

The Salt water crocodile (Indo-Pacific crocodile)

The population is sporadic in Indonesia and Malaysia, with some areas harbouring large
populations (Borneo and Sumatra) and others with very small, at-risk populations
(Peninsula Malaysia). A small population may remain within Ujung Kulon National
Park in western Java.

The Reticulated Python

It is found in Eastern Malaysia and East through Indonesia and the Indo-Australian
Archipelago (Sumatra, the Mentawai Islands, the Natuna Islands, (Borneo, Sulawesi,
Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Maluku, Tanimbar Islands).
The Monitor lizard

A large concentration of monitor lizards occurs on Tioman Island in the Malaysian state
of Pahang and in Sumatra, Indonesia.
BIRDS

Now for the different species of birds which include Rhinoceros Hornbill, Crested
Serpant Eagle, and White-Crowned Shama.

The Rhinoceros Hornbill

The Rhinoceros Hornbill is the state bird of the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It is found
in lowland and mountain, tropical and subtropical of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Malay
Peninsula, Singapore and southern Thailand.

The White-crowned Shama

Mallopercnus is found in the Malay Peninsula. Race tricolor is found in the Sumatra,
Java, Banka, Belitung and Karimata islands. Race mirabilis from the Sunda Strait,
melanurus from North Western Sumatra, opisthopelus, javanus, omissus, ochroptilus,
abbotti, eumesus, suavis are all found in Borneo.
The Crested Serpant Eagle

Different species are found in different places, Malayensis of the Thai-Malay Peninsula
and northern Sumatra, Pallidus from northern Borneo, Richmondi from southern
Borneo, Bido from Java and Bali, Batu from southern Sumatra and Batu.
MARINE

Next topic would be on marine species. We’ll take a look at Scorpion Fish, Arowana
and Leatherback Turtle.

The Scorpion Fish

They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, but mostly found in the Indo-
Pacific and in the Eastern Peninsula of Malaysia. They are often found in reef areas near
shore.

The Pfeffer’s Flamboyant Cuttlefish

This species has been recorded from Sulawesi and the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and
even as far west as the Malaysian islands of Mabul and Sipadan.
The Leatherback turtle

One population nests on beaches in Papua, Indonesia and the beach of Rantau Abang in
Terengganu, Malaysia. Malaysia once had the largest nesting population in the world.
INVERTEBRATES

Lastly would be the invertebrates. It includes Rajah Brooke’s Birdwing, Rhinoceros

Beetle and Giant Honey Bee.

The Rajah Brooke’s Birdwing

It is the national butterfly of Malaysia. It is found in various small islands, west of

Sumatra (Banyak, Simeulue, Batu and Mentawai). The butterfly was named by the
naturalist Alfred R. Wallace in 1855, after James Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak.

The Rhinoceros Beetle

It can be spotted in deep forest and swamp areas or West and East Peninsular of
Malaysia as well as in Sumatran Indonesia.
The Giant Honey Bee

Can be found in forests and reserved parks, but due to serious deforestation and the
need for their honey, these bees are now under human surveillance. The can be found in
West and East Peninsular of Malaysia and in various parts of Indonesia.
It is difficult to find any distinctive differences as our geographical state is almost the
same. However, there are several types of animals that are found only in Indonesia and
some only in Malaysia.

INDONESIA

The Komodo Dragon

It is also known as the Komodo monitor or the Komodo Island monitor in scientific
literature, although this is not very common. To the natives of Komodo Island, it is
referred to as ora, buaya darat (land crocodile), or biawak raksasa (giant monitor). They
can be found in the area of West Manggarai Regency where they live in Indonesia.
INDONESIA

The Javan-Hawk Eagle

This magnificent bird is not only found in Indonesia, but it is also the emblem of
Indonesia. Its range in East Java includes Sempu Island, Bromo Tengger Semeru
National Park, Meru Betiri National Park and Alas Purwo National Park. It can also be
seen in captivity in zoos like Kebun Binatang Bandung.
INDONESIA

The Anoa (Midget Buffalo)

They are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia.
They live singly or in pairs, rather than in herds like most cattle, except when the cows
are about to give birth. Only one young is born per year.
MALAYSIA

The Malayan Tiger

It is a tiger subspecies that inhabits the southern and central parts of the Malay
Peninsula. They can be found in forests of Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, and Johor,
and many riparian habitats outside forests in Pahang, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, and
Johor.
MALAYSIA

The Malayan Peacock-Pheasant

It is also known as Crested Peacock-Pheasant or Malaysian Peacock-Pheasant. Despite

its attractive and large tail, the Malayan Peacock-Pheasant is an extremely shy and
elusive bird. It is endemic to lowland forests of the Malay Peninsula.
MALAYSIA

The Malaysian Orchid Mantis

It is a mantis from the rain forests of Southeast Asia. It is known by various common
names including walking flower mantis and (pink) orchid mantis. It is one of several
species known as flower mantises from their resemblance and behaviour.
From my opinion, I feel that it is important to know about the culture and well-beings of
our country even though dentistry is completely unrelated to it because, as a citizen of
Malaysia, it is my duty to learn and understand about the cultures of my country. The
cultures of my country exhibit the personalities of the people. This indirectly helps me
to understand my patient’s behaviour, thus I am able to focus more on their need based
on different cultures. As a dentist and a citizen of Malaysia, I will often come across
patients of different races with different cultures. Learning about the customs and the
‘pantang larang’ from different races will also improve my doctor-patient skills. In
conclusion, no matter where we come from of what we work as, it is a must to
understand about the cultures and traditions in our country because we are the citizens
of our country and we are all responsible to make improvements to our country as well
as to protect it with our dignity and faith. Thank you.
http://itulapasal.blogspot.com/2010/03/unique-animals-only-in-malaysia.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_orchid_mantis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoa

http://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/wildlife/animals

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_animal_emblems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros_beetle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_elephant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_lizard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-crowned_Shama

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulated_Python

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javan_Plover

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_Serpent_Eagle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuarine_Crocodile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Serpent_Eagle

http://www.profauna.net/en/facts-about-indonesian-animals#.UnDdOvlgdNN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatran_rhinoceros

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornean_orangutan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L%C3%ADnea_de_Wallace.jpg