5

2 ! t-test
# 2 $ % t-test & '
$ () # #* + ' $ $) # ' , - * !() $ %
(One-way ANOVA)
! & '# oneway $ % 0 ' $ $ !'& # $ %
#* 2 1* + ) # # # )2 #
Interval Scale # )$' 3 # )2 # Nominal Scale )) 0 k #
1) (*) ') One-way ANOVA # *
1. 6 #) 6 + ) '6 + ! + + 0 $
2. 6 #) 6 + ) '6 + ! #
3. ' !$ 6 #) + ) '6 ) )$'
4. 6 #) 6 + ) 0 )$' + #
+ 1) (*) 6 # ) + ) '6 + !
# ' ') ' $ $ ) *
1. Hartley Fmax Test '& # ') 1) 6 #) 3 2 6
9 6 + +& #) #

H0 : 2
1 = 2
2
H1 : 2
1
2
2

Fmax = S 2max ; df = n-1

S 2min
'2 * 1) 6 #) 2 6 6 '6 0 #
#* ) 6 & = + + >$ '? H0
2. Cochran Test '& # ') 1) 6 # ) 6 9 6
#) 6 + +& #) # () # @
74 ! SPSS 3() $ %1) 2

H0 : 2
1 = 2
2 = ... = 2
k
H1 : 2
) ) 1 2 #

C = S 2max ; df = n-1
Si2
C & = C + >$ '? H0
3. Bartlett Test '& # ') 1) 6 # ) 6
'& # 6 #) 1 - + + + + + 1) ' %

H0 : 2
1 = 2
2 = ... = 2
k
H1 : 2
) ) 1 2 #

B 1 SS k
= [( N k ) ln( W ) (n j 1) ln S2j ]
C N k j =1
k
() N = nj
i =1

C = 1 k 1 1
1+ [ ( ) ]
3(k 1) j=1 n j 1 N k
SSW = ( n j 1)S 2j
B & = + ' % df = n - 1 + >$ '? H0

$ % ' $B ') # *

H0 : m1 = m2 ... mN ( () n ()+& 6 #) )
H1 : ) ) 1 2 #

F = MSBG
MS WG
df = k - 1 N-k
1) MSBG MSWG ' & = + '2
SS BG SS WG
MSBG = MSWG =
p 1 p(n 1)

Sum of Square (SS) C' & = '2 # *

 5 $ % 75

2
p n
Yij
p n j =1i =1
SSTO = Yij2 -
j=1i =1 np
2 2
n p n
Yij Yij
p j =1i =1
SSBG = i =1 -
j =1 n np
n 2

p n
Yij
p
SSWG = i =1
Yij2 -
j=1i =1 j =1 n

+ #* & & = ' $ %

SS df MS F
1. Between Groups SSBG p-1 MSBG MSBG
2. Within Group SSWG p(n - 1) MSWG MSWG

3. Total SSTO np - 1

' $ $F & = F+ + >$ '? H0 ) # H1 '

) ) 1 2 # ) # '& #- ' $ $
) 2 # & $ 3 6 2= ) 9
?$ ?$ # *
1. ?$ Least significance difference
2. ?$ Duncan*s multiple-range test
3. ?$ Student-Newman-Keuls test
4. ?$ Turkey*s alternate test
5. ?$ Scheffe*s test
DD
?$ & = 3 6 2= *' E F + # '()' $ $ #

5.1
'6 # 30 )) 0 3 6 6 # # ) # G
1) ) # *

6 1 4 6 8 6 7 8 10 8 6 11
6 2 14 13 10 14 7 10 13 16 10 18
6 3 7 8 10 7 8 10 11 12 14 15
76 ! SPSS 3() $ %1) 2

& ') 1) 6 #) #* 3 6

! 2 # ,Analyze. 2 ) ,Compare Means. 2 ) ,One-Way ANOVA. +

$

J3 ) 5.1

() # '!) ,Dependent List :. # )$' '!) ,Factor :. * #

)( # ,score. # )$' () ,group.
) 3 6 2= $ 6K ,Post Hoc.... )( ?$
#J3 )

J3 ) 5.2

* )( 3 6 =
2 ?$ ,Scheff. + #* $ 6K ,Continue. $ 6K
,OK. ' G 3# ?% & = ,Output.
) ' $ $3(* B 1) # ') 0 ) 3# ?%1)
$ K6 ,Options.... ) ' L ' 1) 6 @ $
1) ,Means plot. # J 3 )
 5 $ % 77

J3 ) 5.3

'& #
') 0 ) 3# ?%1) *# + ' ') 0
) 3# ?% '2 1) Levene # ) G #3?% # *

Descriptives
SCORE
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
1.00 10 7.4000 2.0656 .6532 5.9224 8.8776 4.00 11.00
2.00 10 12.5000 3.2745 1.0355 10.1576 14.8424 7.00 18.00
3.00 10 10.2000 2.8206 .8919 8.1823 12.2177 7.00 15.00
Total 30 10.0333 3.4087 .6223 8.7605 11.3062 4.00 18.00

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

SCORE
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.097 2 27 .348
78 ! SPSS 3() $ %1) 2

ANOVA
SCORE
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 130.467 2 65.233 8.529 .001
Within Groups 206.500 27 7.648
Total 336.967 29

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: SCORE
Scheffe

Mean
Difference 95% Confidence Interval
(I) GROUP (J) GROUP (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
1.00 2.00 -5.1000* 1.2368 .001 -8.3033 -1.8967
3.00 -2.8000 1.2368 .096 -6.0033 .4033
2.00 1.00 5.1000* 1.2368 .001 1.8967 8.3033
3.00 2.3000 1.2368 .197 -.9033 5.5033
3.00 1.00 2.8000 1.2368 .096 -.4033 6.0033
2.00 -2.3000 1.2368 .197 -5.5033 .9033
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
 5 $ % 79

SCORE
Scheffea
Subset for alpha = .05
GROUP N 1 2
1.00 10 7.4000
3.00 10 10.2000 10.2000
2.00 10 12.5000
Sig. .096 .197
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 10.000.

13

12

11

10

8
Mean of SCORE

7
1.00 2.00 3.00

GROUP

J3 ) 5.4

% G $ > F-test & = 8.5293

# '& #- ' $ $ .001 9 ) .01 ' *# 3 6 # ) # '& -
#
' $ $ # .01 + & 3 6 2= $? !L LK G > 6 1 6 2
# ) # '& #- ' $ $ 6 2 '2 6 1
80 ! SPSS 3() $ %1) 2

'& # ') 0 ) 3# ?%1) #* 3 # '& #- ' $ $ #

() 1) 6 #* 3 0 ) 3# ?% # 9 0 1) (*) 1)
$ %