20190912光學系統設計Introduction - optical system design

2019/9/12 光學系統設計
Welcome
941 U0400 Optical System Design
1st Semester, 108 Academic Year

Room 303 of MD Building
2:20 pm ~ 5:20 pm, every Thursday
蘇國棟
電機資訊學院光電工程研究所
gdjsu@ntu.edu.tw
Guo-Dung Su 蘇國棟 1
光學系統設計
Syllabus
• Class website: https://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1081OE5031_

• Lecture Hours: 3hrs/wk, every Thursday
• Office Hours: appointment by email
• Text Book:
Rober E. Fisher and Biljana Tadic-Galeb, “Optical System
Design”, McGraw Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-128233-8
• Grading:
Project 35% (10% presentation + 25% written report)
Midterm 30%
Final 35%
光學系統設計
Textbook
光學系統設計
Highlights of the textbook
光學系統設計
Table of Contents
Guo-Dung Su 蘇國棟
Check: www.amazon.com
5
光學系統設計
Reference Book
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Scope
1. Ray optics: basic design techniques

2. Aberration in optical system: real world problem
3. Optical CAD tools discussion: e.g ZEMAX
Midterm
4. Wave optics in isotopic Media
5. How to select optical components: lenses, fibers, optical source
and detectors
6. Design concepts for optical instruments: microscope, telescope,
camera lenses and zoom lenses
Final
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Class Schedule
Week Lecture Date Location Topics

1 1 12-Sep MD 303 Introduction
2 2 19-Sep MD 303 Basic Optics Equations for Ray Optics
3 3 26-Sep MD 303 Computer Aid Design
4 4 3-Oct MD 303 Ray Tracing Program Introduction
5 10-Oct
6 5 17-Oct MD 303 Image Quality
7 6 24-Oct MD 303 OPD and Aberration Corrections I
8 7 31-Oct MD 303 OPD and Aberration Corrections II
9 7-Nov MD 303 Midterm (30%)
10 8 14-Nov MD 303 Glass Selection
11 9 21-Nov Spherical and Aspheric Surfaces
12 10 28-Nov MD 303 Design Forms and Processes
13 11 5-Dec MD 303 Gaussian Beam and Diffractive Optics
14 12-Dec MD 303 Project Presentation (10%)
15 12 19-Dec MD 303 Polarization and Optical Thin Films
16 13 26-Dec MD 303 Tolerance and Productivity
17 14 2-Jan MD 303 Photonics Devices
18 9-Jan MD 303 Final (35%)
18 11-Jan CEIBA Project Report (25%)
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Important Dates
年月日星期事項
2019 9 9 Mon 加退選開始
2019 9 12 Thu 上課開始
2019 9 13 Mon 中秋節
2019 9 22 Sat 加退選結束
2019 10 10 Thu 國慶紀念日
2019 11 7 Thu 期中考 (30%)
2019 11 15 Fri 校慶 (停課一天)
2019 12 12 Thu 研究專題口頭報告 (10%)
2020 1 1 Tue 元旦
2020 1 9 Thu 期末考 (35%)
2020 1 11 Sat 交研究專題報告中午12點截止 (25%)
光學系統設計
Project Assignment
Please visit the following website:

http://www.zemax.com
OpticStudio enables you to do more, faster, easier and with greater

confidence. Engineers, researchers, and designers have a full
suite of tools to design, innovate, test and visualize a wide variety
of optic systems.
For more than 20 years Zemax has been the design software
choice of industry leading engineers, researchers, and designers
worldwide. With more than 10,000 active users worldwide Zemax
has the largest user base in the industry.
光學系統設計
Discussion Items
1. Please visit websites about optical system design

2. Project software selection ZEMAX
3. Student’s background
• What do you want to know
• Any similar classes taken before (wave theory?)
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Nature of Light
Optics
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Nature of Light
• Particle
– Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
– Optics Q u a n t u m O p t ic s
• Wave E M O p t ic s
– Huygens (1629-1695) W a v e O p t ic s
– Treatise on Light (1678)

R a y O p t ic s
• Wave-Particle Duality
– De Broglie (1924)
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What You Will Learn
(check simple beam expander)
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Group 1
The optical path of a hand-held zoom lens has a four part

structure. The first group is called the focusing group,
because it is used to focus the image.
光學系統設計
Group 2
The second group is the variator that changes the

image size.
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Group 3
The third group is the compensator that maintains the focus.
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Group 4
The fourth group is a stationary lens group called the relay lens.
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Examples of Aberration
A zoom lens must also correct optical aberration so that the image
will stay sharp when zoomed. The paths of the light rays passing
through the internal lens groups undergo complex changes during
zooming. To correct for aberration at all focal lengths, the
aberrations caused by each of the lens groups must be minimized.
The aberrations that the individual lens groups cannot correct on
their own must be carefully balanced by another lens group, so that
Guo-Dung Su
one lens group corrects another.
蘇國棟 19
2012/9/14 光學系統設計
Applications of cameras
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKqJccK_EkM
An image of a safe driving

assistance system fitted with
"stereo cameras" or a pair of
miniaturized cameras. The system
has won wide support in Japan for
its affordable price, boosting
interest in safe driving assistance
systems as a whole. © Fuji Heavy
Industries Ltd.
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Sign Convention
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Power of a Lens
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Thin Lens Equations
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Thin Lens Equations-Continued
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Propagation of light: Huygens’ Principle
• E.g. a point source (stone dropped in

water)
• Light is emitted in all directions – series of
crests and troughs
Rays – lines
perpendicular to
wave fronts

Wave front - Surface of
constant phase
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Terminology
• Spherical waves – wave fronts are

spherical
• Plane waves – wave fronts are planes
• Rays – lines perpendicular to wave fronts
in the direction of propagation
x
Planes parallel to y-z plane
光學系統設計
Huygen’s principle
• Every point on a wave front is a source of

secondary wavelets.
• i.e. particles in a medium excited by
electric field (E) re-radiate in all directions
• i.e. in vacuum, E, B fields associated with
wave act as sources of additional fields
光學系統設計
Huygens’ wave front construction

Construct the
New wavefront wave front tangent
to the wavelets
r = c Δt ≈ λ
Given wave-front at t What about –r direction?

See Bruno Rossi Optics. Reading, Mass:
Allow wavelets to evolve Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1957, Ch. 1,2
for time Δt for mathematical explanation
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Plane wave propagation
• New wave front is still

a plane as long as
dimensions of wave
front are >> λ
• If not, edge effects
become important
• Note: no such thing
as a perfect plane
wave, or collimated
beam
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Max Planck’s Blackbody Radiation (1900)
• Light as particles
• Blackbody – absorbs all wavelengths and
conversely emits all wavelengths
• The observed spectral distribution of
radiation from a perfect blackbody did not
fit classical theory (Rayleigh-Jeans law) 
ultraviolet catastrophe
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Photoelectric Effect (1905)
• Light as particles
• Einstein’s (1879-1955) explanation
– light as particles = photons
Light of frequency ƒ Kinetic energy = hƒ - Ф
Electrons
Material with work function Ф
光學系統設計
Wave-particle duality
• All phenomena can be explained using

either the wave or particle picture
• Usually, one or the other is most
convenient
• In this class we will use the ray picture

predominantly
光學系統設計
Please read textbook from p1 to p.10.

20190912光學系統設計Introduction - optical system design

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2019/9/12 光學系統設計

941 U0400 Optical System Design

1st Semester, 108 Academic Year

• Class website: https://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1081OE5031_

Highlights of the textbook

1. Ray optics: basic design techniques

Week Lecture Date Location Topics

Please visit the following website:

OpticStudio enables you to do more, faster, easier and with greater

1. Please visit websites about optical system design

– Treatise on Light (1678)

The optical path of a hand-held zoom lens has a four part

The second group is the variator that changes the

The third group is the compensator that maintains the focus.

An image of a safe driving

Thin Lens Equations

Thin Lens Equations-Continued

Propagation of light: Huygens’ Principle

• E.g. a point source (stone dropped in

• Spherical waves – wave fronts are

• Every point on a wave front is a source of

Huygens’ wave front construction

Given wave-front at t What about –r direction?

for time Δt for mathematical explanation

Plane wave propagation

• New wave front is still

Max Planck’s Blackbody Radiation (1900)

Photoelectric Effect (1905)

Material with work function Ф

• All phenomena can be explained using

• In this class we will use the ray picture

Please read textbook from p1 to p.10.

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