TRADE CENTER FOR FABRIC

THESIS
Submitted by

Pavithra N
311213251064
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
ANNA UNIVERSITY

MARG INSTITUTE OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE

SWARNABHOOMI
Velur Village, Cheyyur Post
Kanchipuram District
Tamilnadu – 603302
May 2018
 DECLARATION
I declare that this thesis titled “TRADE CENTER FOR FABRIC, TIRUPUR”

is the result of my work and prepared under the guidance of Mr.Ar.Naveen Balaji and that
work reported herein does not form part of any other dissertation of this or any other
university . Due acknowledgement have been made wherever anything has been borrowed from other
sources.

DATE:
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE:

Pavithra N
311213251064

1
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this thesis report forming part of course work AR2551, Thesis Xth Semester ,
B.Arch entitled “TRADE FOR MUSIC, TIRUPUR” Submitted by Ms. Pavithra N,
roll No.311213251064 to the department of architecture , Marg Institute of Design and
Architecture Swarnabhoomi, Anna university, Chennai in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of bachelor Degree in architecture is a Bonafide record of work carried by her under my
supervision.
Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form a
part of any other thesis.

DATE
SIGNATURE OF THE GUIDE
NAME:Ar.Naveen Balaji
DESIGNATION: Asst.Professor

External Examiner1: External Examiner2:

HOD PRINCIPAL
MIDAS MIDAS
DATE DATE

2
TRADE CENTER FOR FABRIC

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SL.NO. CONTENT PAGE
NUMBER
1 ABSTRACT 5
2 AIM 6
3 OBJECTIVE 7
4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 8
5 CHAPTER 2 CLOTHING INDUSTRY IN INDIA 15

2.1 EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCILS 21

2.2 SECTOR-WISE ANALYSIS 23
6 CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION 26
7 CHAPTER 4 LIVE CASE STUDIES 39
4.1 MAHATMA MANDIR – AHEMDABAD 40
4.2 CODDISIA – COIMBATORE 44
4.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE - BANGLORE 50
4.4 TEX VALLEY - COIMBATORE 53
4.5 NIFT - CHENNAI 55
8 CHAPTER 5 LITERATURE CASE STUDIES AND OTHERS 56
5.1 HITEX – HYDERABAD 57
5.2 MUSEUM OF FABRIC – MUMBAI 59
5.3 MITEC - MALAYSIA 60
9 CHAPTER 6 SITE 63

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 ABSTRACT

This thesis is about architecture’s role in filtering and forming experiences through perceptions of built
environment. Though architects are not charged with addressing physiological conditions of human we
are responsible for shaping the built environments and therefore we should be aware of the physiological
reactions that occur as products of our environments.
Architecture is important because of the people who interact with it. Without them the building would be
massive and hollow sculptures, buildings are supposed to live and breathe and transform to
accommodate human life. My thesis will be inspired by the architecture that enhances the human
experience by built environment.
In my thesis the main design tool is fabric because fabric being one of the oldest traditional factor of
India with various typologies and art forms, increasing the growth of India economically and
traditionally. The intuition that allows us to even consider architecture and various fabrics of the world
as “Single Destination” without the need of searching and exploring for new fabrics.

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 AIM

 The main design tool is fabric because fabric being one of the oldest traditional factor of India
with various typologies and art forms, increasing the growth of India economically and
traditionally.

 Textiles sector is one of the largest contributors to India’s exports and is also labour intensive. It shows history,
habit, belief and customary of nations. In the other word, it is the best way to introduce our
country and cultural techniques to all over the world.

 As a student, I am also eager to know how a fabric trade centre would be and also as an
architecture student I hope I would be able to shape a better Trade centre for fabric, by learning
the positives and negatives of fabrics through respective design processes.

 This proposed trade centre will be an commercial and institutional building which would provide space for both
native and international people thereby promoting and bringing together all types of fabric in one location at an
international level.

 Promote interest in variety of fabric.

 Identify and nurture qualities and uses of fabric.

 Awareness and recognition of the various fabrics.

 Sensitize the youth, the diversity and rich heritage of the country and thus inculcate respect for and pride in it.

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 OBJECTIVES

 To build a trade centre exclusively for fabric will involve the nook and corner of the industry and spaces where
everything that is related to fabric world is experienced.

 To build up to an international scale and exposure platform for entrepreneur.

 To study the program and programmatic concerns including hybrid programs and new functional types and
understanding the project program, activity, services & technology.

 To study the application of contemporary materials, structures & technology.

 The need for exploring and the search of new fabrics to be ended with a better place and interesting spaces which
is the Trade centre for fabric.

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

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 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

WHY TRADE CENTRE FOR FABRIC?

India’s textiles sector is one of the oldest industries in Indian economy dating back several centuries.
Even today, textiles sector is one of the largest contributors to India’s exports with approximately 13 per
cent of total exports. The textiles industry is also labour intensive and is one of the largest employers.
The textile industry has two broad segments. First, the unorganised sector consists of handloom,
handicrafts and sericulture, which are operated on a small scale and through traditional tools and
methods. The second is the organised sector consisting of spinning, apparel and garments segment
which apply modern machinery and techniques such as economies of scale.

The textile industry employs about 45 million people directly and 20 million people indirectly. India's
overall textile exports during FY 2015-16 stood at US$ 40 billion.

The Indian textiles industry is extremely varied, with the hand-spun and hand-woven textiles sectors at
one end of the spectrum, while the capital intensive sophisticated mills sector at the other end of the
spectrum. The decentralised power looms/ hosiery and knitting sector form the largest component of the
textiles sector. The close linkage of the textile industry to agriculture (for raw materials such as cotton)
and the ancient culture and traditions of the country in terms of textiles make the Indian textiles sector
unique in comparison to the industries of other countries. The Indian textile industry has the capacity to
produce a wide variety of products suitable to different market segments, both within India and across
the world.

MARKET SIZE:

The Indian textiles industry, currently estimated at around US$ 120 billion, is expected to reach US$ 230 billion by 2020. The
Indian Textile Industry contributes approximately 2 per cent to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 10 per cent of
manufacturing production and 14 per cent to overall Index of Industrial Production (IIP).

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Indian khadi products sales increased by 33 per cent year-on-year to Rs 2,005 crore (US$ 311.31 million) in 2016-17 and is
expected to exceed Rs 5,000 crore (US$ 776.33 million) sales target for 2018-19, as per the Khadi and Village Industries
Commission (KVIC).

The production of cotton in India is estimated to increase by 9.3 per cent year-on-year to reach 37.7 million bales in FY 2017-
18. The total area under cultivation of cotton in India is expected to increase by 7 per cent to 11.3 million hectares in 2017-
18, on account of expectations of better returns from rising prices and improved crop yields during the year 2016-17.

Indian exports of locally made retail and lifestyle products grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10 per cent
from 2013 to 2016, mainly led by bedding bath and home decor products and textiles.

INVESTMENT:

The textiles sector has witnessed a spurt in investment during the last five years. The industry (including
dyed and printed) attracted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) worth US$ 2.68 billion during April 2000 to
September 2017.

Some of the major investments in the Indian textiles industry are as follows:

 The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), Government of India has approved a new skill development
scheme named 'Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector (SCBTS)' with an outlay of Rs 1,300 crore (US$ 202.9
million) from 2017-18 to 2019-20.
 Future Group is planning to open 80 new stores under its affordable fashion format, Fashion at Big Bazaar (FBB),
and is targeting sales of 230 million units of garments by March 2018, which is expected to grow to 800 million
units by 2021.
 Raymond has partnered with Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) to sell Khadi-marked readymade
garments and fabric in KVIC and Raymond outlets across India.

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  Max Fashion, a part of Dubai based Landmark Group, plans to expand its sales network to 400 stores in 120 cities
by investing Rs 400 crore (US$ 60 million) in the next 4 years.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES:

The Indian government has come up with a number of export promotion policies for the textiles sector. It has also allowed
100 per cent FDI in the Indian textiles sector under the automatic route.

Initiative will be taken into consideration by Government of India.

 The Union Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, along with Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL), has launched
a technology upgradation scheme called SAATHI (Sustainable and Accelerated Adoption of Efficient Textile
Technologies to Help Small Industries) for reviving the powerloom sector of India.
 The Government has planned to connect as many as 5 crore (50 million) village women to charkha (spinning wheel)
in next 5 years with a view to provide them employment and promote khadi and also, they inaugurated 60 khadi
outlets which were renovated and re-launched during the completion of KVIC s 60th anniversary and a khadi
outlet.
 The Textiles Ministry will organise 'Hastkala Sahyog Shivirs' in 421 handloom-handicrafts clusters across the country
which will benefit over 1.2 lakh weavers and artisans.
 The Gujarat government's decision to extend its textile policy by a year is set. It is believed to attract Rs 5,000 crore
(US$ 50 billion) of more investment in sectors across the value chain. The government estimates addition till now
of a million units of spindle capacity in the spinning sector and setting up of over 1,000 units in technical textiles.

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Some of initiatives taken by the government to further promote the industry are as under:

 The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has revised rates for incentives under the Merchandise Exports
from India Scheme (MEIS) for two subsectors of Textiles Industry - Readymade garments and Made ups - from 2
per cent to 4 per cent.
 The Government of India plans to introduce a mega package for the powerloom sector, which will include social
welfare schemes, insurance cover, cluster development, and upgradation of obsolete looms, along with tax
benefits and marketing support, which is expected to improve the status of power loom weavers in the country.

ROAD AHEAD:

The future for the Indian textile industry looks promising, buoyed by both strong domestic consumption
as well as export demand. With consumerism and disposable income on the rise, the retail sector has
experienced a rapid growth in the past decade with the entry of several international players like Marks
& Spencer, Guess and Next into the Indian market.

High economic growth has resulted in higher disposable income. This has led to rise in demand for
products creating a huge domestic market. The domestic market for apparel and lifestyle products,
currently estimated at US$ 85 billion, is expected to reach US$ 160 billion by 2025.

The Indian cotton textile industry is expected to showcase a stable growth in FY2017-18, supported by
stable input prices, healthy capacity utilisation and steady domestic demand*.

References: Ministry of Textiles, Indian Textile Journal, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion,
Press Information Bureau, Union Budget 2017-18

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FUTURE SCOPE FOR EXPORTS OF GARMENTS FROM INDIA:

In interpreting the globally competitive clothing industry specifically in the post regime of Multi Fiber
Agreement, the Government of India has been concentrating on 3 areas- modernization through
technological up-gradation, stable policy environment and global brands building for Indian clothes.
Conditions of demand of importing countries have also affected the exports of clothes from India in
addition to rupee appreciation. The Government of India announced a set of measures to enable the
exporters of clothing to tide over the difficulties. For making the Indian clothing industry globally
rivalry to others there is required to denote upon the improvements of technology, export diversification
and better product designing (Rao Y N, 1994; Koshy D O, 1997).

GARMENT EXPORTS IN INDIA:

In accordance with the Multi Fiber Agreement to be phased out in clothing industry trade has to be done over a period of 10
years. Therefore the agreement to phase out Multi Fiber Agreement over a period of 10 years may not prove outright
beneficial to India. India clothing industry may utilize the period of transition in modernizing its technology and upgrading
the quality of its products. Nonetheless Indian textile and clothing industry may still face a dark future due to competitive
advantage in the global market (Mohan R and Chatterjee S, 1993).

Despite significant advantages the Indian clothing industry faces considerable constraints in reaching its potential. India has
rival benefits stemming from its big and similarly less labor cost a big domestic fabrics supply and the ability of the industry
to manufacture vast range of blazers. India has diverse and strong raw materials for manufacturing artificial and natural
fibers. Future India has a large capacity in spinning and clothes and the clothing industry of India spans the entire supply
chain. The below tables shows the Major exports of Ready made garments from India:

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Market Export % share in total exports

USA (Q) 11443 29.46

Germany (Q) 4629 11.9

UK (Q) 3568 9.19

France (Q) 2463 6.34

Benelux (Q) 1798 4.63

Major importers of ready made garments from India.

SOURCE: Vasudeva P K (2000), India and World Trade Organization: planning and development, APH Publishing, New Delhi.

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CHAPTER 2 - CLOTHING INDUSTRY IN INDIA

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The clothing industry in India can pat itself justifiably on its back for its achievements in short life cycle. From few
number of small units scattered for 2 decades back, now there are thousands of units, medium, small and big
sophisticated and traditional. The output quality has improved tremendously with the design and fashion contents
having improved over long years. The growth in exports in quantity and value terms can be outstanding and has
outrun the whole growth of Indian exports (Mote V, 2000; Mishra V, 1997). The market had diversified blazer
products and hence major markets are spread in India all over the globe. It is not nearly quota markets that during
1994 the quota countries account for 75 percent of the total exports in value which the balance 25 percent is going
to non quota countries.

References

 Rao Y N (1994), Finance of Cotton Textile Industry in India, Ashish Publishing, New Delhi.
 Koshy D O (1997), Garments Exports: Winning Strategies, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
 Mohan R and Chatterjee S (1993), India’s Garment Exports, Economic and Political Weekly, Pune.
 Mishra V (1997), India’s Export Performance, SAGE publications, New Delhi.

Cotton industry, India

Cotton plays an important role in the Indian economy as the country's textile industry is predominantly cotton
based. India is one of the largest producers as well as exporters of cotton yarn. The Indian textile industry
contributes around 5 per cent to country’s gross domestic product (GDP), 14 per cent to industrial productionand
11 per cent to total exports earnings. The industry is also the second-largest employer in the country after
agriculture, providing employment to over 51 million people directly and 68 million people indirectly, including
unskilled women. The textile industry is also expected to reach US$ 223 billion by the year 2021.

The states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan,
and Punjab are the major cotton producers in India.

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KEY MARKETS AND EXPORT DESTINATIONS:

 Total value of textiles and clothing exports from India stood at US$ 36.8 billion in 2015-16.
 During April-December 2016 total Cotton yarn exports goes down by 12 per cent from 987.21 million kgs
in the corresponding period previous year to 872.19 million kgs.
  The value of cotton yarn exported from India in 2015-16 stood at US$ 3.6 billion, while export of cotton
fabrics, cotton madeups and raw cotton stood at US$ 2.1 billion, US$ 5.2 billion, and US$ 1.9 billion
respectively.
 India has overtaken Italy and Bangladesh, and is now the second largest textile & clothing exporter in the
world, contributing around 5 per cent to the global textile and clothing trade.
 USA is the biggest importer of cotton textiles from India with a share of 22.7 per cent, followed by China
(13.9 per cent), Bangladesh (9.0 per cent), UAE (5.7 per cent) and Germany (3.1 per cent), among others

Various reputed foreign retailers and brands such as Carrefour, Gap, H&M, JC Penney, Levi Strauss, Macy's, Marks &
Spencer, Metro Group, Nike, Reebok, Tommy Hilfiger and WaI-Mart import Indian textile products.

COTTON TEXTILE EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL:

The Cotton Textile Export Promotion Council (TEXPROCIL) takes part in national and international events to
enhance the visibility of Indian products, advertises and promotes Indian products in various media vehicles such
as fashion magazines, event-related pull-outs, India reports and leading trade magazines, and organises buyer-
seller meets (BSM) and trade delegation visits.

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EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

INTERNATIONAL TRADE:

International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries or territories. In most
countries, it represents a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of
history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent
centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are
all having a major impact. Increasing international trade is the primary meaning of "globalization".

EXPORT:
In economics, an export is any good or commodity, transported from one country to another country in a
legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Export is an important part of international trade. Its counterpart is
import.

Export goods or services are provided to foreign consumers by domestic producers. Export of commercial
quantities of goods normally requires involvement of the Customs authorities in both the country of export and the
country of import.

The advent of small trades over the internet such as through Amazon, e-Bay and the like, have largely by-passed
the involvement of Customs in many countries due to the low individual values of these trades. Nonetheless these
small exports are still subject to legal restrictions applied by the country of export, particularly in respect of
strategic export limitations.

IMPORT:

In economics, an import is any good or commodity, brought into one country from another country in a legitimate
fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign
producers. Import of commercial quantities of goods normally

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requires involvement of the Customs authorities in both the country of import and the country of export.

The Textile industry is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design or manufacture of clothing as
well as the distribution and use of textiles .The textile industry occupies a unique place in our country. One of the
earliest to come into existence in India, it accounts for 14% of the total Industrial production, contributes to nearly
30% of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture.

The textile industry fulfils a pivotal role in the Indian economy. It is a major foreign exchange earner and, after
agriculture, it is the largest employer with a total workforce of 35 mn. In 2005 textiles and garments accounted for
about 14 per cent of industrial production and 16 per cent of export earnings. The industry covers a wide range of
activities. These include the production of natural raw materials such as cotton, jute, silk and wool, as well as
synthetic filament and spun yarn. In addition, an extensive range of finished products are also made. The Indian
textile industry accounts for about 23 per cent of the world’s spindle capacity, making it the second highest after
China, and around six per cent of global rotor capacity. Also, it has the highest loom capacity including hand looms
with a 61 per cent share. India accounts for about 12 per cent of the world’s production of textile fibers and yarns.
This includes jute, of which it is the largest producer.

Textile Industry is providing one of the most basic needs of people and the holds importance; maintaining
sustained growth for improving quality of life. It has a unique position as a self-reliant industry, from the production
of raw materials to the delivery of finished products, with substantial value-addition at each stage of processing; it
is a major contribution to the country's economy. Its vast potential for creation of employment opportunities in the
agricultural, industrial, organized and decentralized sectors & rural and urban areas, particularly for women and the
disadvantaged is noteworthy. Although the development of textile sector was earlier taking place in terms of
general policies, in recognition of the importance of this sector, for the

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first time a separate Policy Statement was made in 1985 in regard to development of textile sector. The textile
policy of 2000 aims at achieving the target of textile and apparel exports of US $ 50 billion by 2010 of which the
share of garments will be US $ 25 billion. The main markets for Indian textiles and apparels are USA, UAE, UK,
Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Canada, Bangladesh and Japan. The industry expects investment of Rs.1, 40,000
crore in this sector in the post-MFA phase. A Vision 2010 for textiles formulated by the government after intensive
interaction with the industry and Export Promotion Councils to capitalize on the upbeat mood aims to increase
India's share in world's textile trade from the current 4% to 8% by 2010 and to achieve export value of US $ 50
billion by 2010.
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2.1 EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCILS

The government of India concentrates in export of textile products; government provides lot of necessary helps to
the textile industry through the following export promotion councils.

1. HANDLOOM EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (HEPC):

The council gets grant-in-aid from Government for its export promotion activities like organization of fairs/
exhibitions/ seminars/ buyer seller meets etc. It is the nodal agency for promotion of exports of the handloom
sector.

2. APPAREL EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (AEPC):

Objective of the Council is to promote, advance, increase and develop exports of all types of ready made garments.
Woolen knitwear and garments of leather, jute and hemp are excluded from its purview.

3. COTTON TEXTILE EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (TEXPROCIL):

The Council looks after the export promotion of cotton fabrics, cotton yarn and cotton made-ups. Its activities
include market studies for individual products, circulation of trade enquiries, participation in exhibitions, fairs and
seminars at home and abroad, in order to boost exports.

4. THE SYNTHETIC AND RAYON TEXTILE EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (SRTEPC):

It is the nodal agency for promotion of exports of Indian synthetic and rayon textiles (yarn, fabrics and made-
ups).The council gets grant-in-aid from Government for its export promotion activities like organization of fairs/
exhibitions/ seminars/ buyer seller meets etc.
5. INDIAN SILK EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (ISEPC):

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The ISEPC is the nodal agency for promotion of exports of natural silk goods from India and
acts as a registering authority for the information to its members. The council produces and disseminates
information to its members about the market developments in the world, changes in the trade polices, etc. A
catalogue containing sample swatches of the full range of silks from India is available for potential buyers,
importing textiles agents and Indian missions abroad.

6. WOOL AND WOOLENS EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (W&WEPC):

The council's objective is promotion of exports of Wool and Woolen products. The council gets grant-in-aid from
Government for its export promotion activities like organization of fairs/ exhibitions/ seminars/ buyer seller meets
etc.

7. CARPET EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL (CEPC):

The council's objective is promotion of exports of carpets. The council gets grant-in-aid from Government for its
export promotion activities like organization of fairs/ exhibitions/ seminars/ buyer seller meets etc.

8. EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL FOR HANDICRAFTS (EPCH):

The council's objective is promotion of exports of handicrafts products. The council gets grant-in-aid from
Government for its export promotion activities like organization of fairs/ exhibitions/ seminars/ buyer seller meets
etc

9. POWER LOOM DEVELOPMENT & EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL(PDEXCIL):

Power loom Development & Export Promotion Council is a nodal agency for development and promotion of the
exports of Power loom products.

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2.2 SECTOR-WISE ANALYSIS

(i) COTTON TEXTILES INCLUDING HANDLOOMS:

Cotton Textiles i.e. yarn, fabrics and made-ups (Mill made / Power loom/ Handloom) constitute more than 2/3rd of
our exports of all fibers/yarns/made-ups. During 2004-2005, Cotton Textile exports including Handlooms were US$
3.54 billion, recording a decline of 1.5% as compared to the corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006
the Cotton Textiles exports have amounted to US$ 4.49 billion, recording a healthy increase of 26.78% over the
exports during the corresponding period of 2004-2005. During the first quarter of 2006-2007 the Cotton Textiles
including Handlooms exports have amounted to US$ 1.25 billion, recording an increase of 25.70% over the exports
during the corresponding period of 2005-2006.

(ii) MAN-MADE TEXTILES:

During 2004 �2005, man-made Textiles exports were US$ 2.05 billion, recording a growth of 12.6% as compared
to the corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006 the man-made Textile exports have amounted to US$
2.00 billion, recording a decline of 2.47% over the exports during the corresponding period of 2004-2005. During
the first quarter of 2006-2007 the Man-made Textiles exports have amounted to US$ 0.52 billion, recording an
increase of 13.15% over the exports during the corresponding period of 2005-2006.

(iii) SILK TEXTILES:

During 2004�2005, Silk Textiles exports were US$ 0.59 billion, recording a growth of 9.0% as compared to the
corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006 the silk exports have amounted to US$ 0.69 billion, recording
an increase of 16.37% over the exports during the corresponding period of 2004-2005. During the first quarter of
2006-2007 the Silk Textiles exports have amounted to US$ 0.165 billion, recording an increase of 4.23% over the
exports during the corresponding period of 2005-2006

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(iv) WOOLEN TEXTILES:

During 2004�2005, woolen Textiles exports were US$ 0.42 billion, recording a growth of 23.4% as compared to
the corresponding period of 2003- 04. During the period of April-March, 2005-2006 the woolen Textile exports
have amounted to US$ 0.47 billion, recording an increase 13.63% over the exports during the corresponding period
of 2004-2005. During the first quarter of 2006-2007 the Woolen Textiles exports have amounted to US$ 0.114
billion, recording an increase of 11.96% over the exports during the corresponding period of 2005-2006.
(v)READYMADE GARMENTS:

Readymade Garments account for approximately 45% of the country �s total textiles exports. During the year
2004�2005, Readymade Garment exports were US$ 6 billion, recording an increase of 4.1% as compared to the
corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006 the Readymade Garment exports have amounted to US$ 7.75
billion, recording an increase of 28.69 % over the exports during 2004-2005. During the first quarter of 2006-2007
the Readymade Garment exports have amounted to US$ 2.17 billion, recording an increase of 15.70% over the
exports during the corresponding period of 2005-2006.

(vi) HANDICRAFTS INCLUDING CARPETS:

During 2004 �2005, handicrafts including carpet exports were US$ 1.01 billion, showing a decline of 6.6% as
compared to the corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006 the handicrafts exports have amounted to
US$ 1.24 billion, recording an increase of 22.24% over the exports during 2004-2005. During the first quarter of
2006-2007 the Handicrafts including Carpets exports have amounted to US$ 0.301 billion, recording a marginal
decline of 1.31% over the exports during the corresponding period of 2005-2006.

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(vii) JUTE:

During 2004 �2005, jute exports were US$ 0.276 billion, recording a growth of 14% as compared to the
corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006 the Jute exports have amounted to US$ 0.295 billion,
recording an increase of 6.64% over the exports during the
corresponding period of 2004-2005. During the first quarter of 2006-2007 the Jute exports have amounted to US$
0.065 billion, recording a decline of 7.79 % over the exports during the corresponding period of 2005-2006.

(viii) COIR:

During 2004 �2005, coir exports were US$ 0.106 billion, recording a growth of 35.7% as compared to the
corresponding period of 2003-04. During 2005-2006 the coir exports have amounted to US$ 0.134 billion recording
an increase of 27.19% over the exports during 2004-2005. During the first quarter of 2006-2007 the Coir exports
have amounted to US$ 0.032 billion, recording an increase of 10.03% over the exports during the corresponding
period of 2005-2006.

25

CHAPTER 3 - CONCLUSION
 26

CHAPTER 3 - CONCLUSION

To conclude this article, the textile industry, which is the industry earning the highest income of our country after
agricultural. The textile industry�s export performance is going well as per the study based on the data shown in
the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS). That is the export of textile products is
budding year by year. Numerically say, in the year 2002-03 export of textile products was Rs.60071.70 crs and its
climb up to Rs 62017.2 crs in the year 2003-04, and it reached Rs 63024.18 crs in the year 2004-05.

TIRUPUR KNITWEAR INDUSTRY:

Tirupur, the heartland of the knitwear industry in India has a supplier base which consists essentially of
manufacturer who are mostly integrated forward or backward if not vertical. There are number of spinners of
yarn integrating forward to set up knitting plant; textile process house and then further integrating forward to
become makers of garments. Such forward integrated exporters who have grown forward from yarn spinners
are Eastman, Centwin, Poppy's, Tube Knits Fashions, KPR etc. and those who have grown forward from leading
process houses are Victus Dyeing (Geena Garments), Reliance Dyeing, SCM, PKP etc. have also integrated
forward to establish garment making units. Examples of backward integration are very few like Dhanam
International, Kay Tee Corporation, Network Clothing Company etc. In Tirupur, if the integration is not wholly
owned by the exporter to become a vertical unit then the exporters buy stakes or invest into a process house to
become partners to ensure preference to their orders for the textile process and maintain standard quality as
desired by their buyers. The owners of the process house are regulated by stringent legislations of the
Tamilnadu state for the environment controls. In Tirupur the process houses must have Reverse Osmosis or
Zero Effluent Discharge plant or else the existing plants have to close and application of new plants will not be
approved. Therefore, the amount of investments in terms of plant & machinery and overheads in the integrated
garment industry is quite high as compared to other knitwear clusters and thus requires efficient management
for timely Return on Investment. This factor motivates them to continuously upgrade the existing technology to
the acceptable international levels and think for post 2004 survival as a group together to prepare a strategy to
compete the suppliers within India or
 27

abroad, in non-quota open competition period starting 2005. In spite of the fact that the Tirupur town is reeling
under acute infrastructural shortage, the Tirupur knitwear exporters are able to make a mark in the
international sourcing map of the textile industry because they work as a group and help each other for a
common cause. Thanks to this community thinking of the exporters, they bear the inconveniences with a
positive grin and willingly finance fully or partly projects of road, culvert, drinking water supply etc. repairs or
new construction carried out by the municipality and or panchayat.

Tirupur textile industry has units all along the value chain of knitwear starting from spinning, knitting wet
processing, printing, garment manufacturing and exports. In addition there are ancillary units supplying buttons,
laces, embroidery, cones and yarn processing etc. Despite being late entrant, Tirupur's annual production far
exceeds that of other knitwear clusters. There are more than 500 production units which are involved in exports of
knitwear from Tirupur. Entire Tirupur cluster generates direct employment for over 300,000 persons. Tirupur in
1981 had a meager share of 15% of the total knitwear exports from India and by year 2000 its share reached a
formidable figure of 51%. Recent informal surveys indicate that Tirupur accounts for nearly 80% of basic circular
cotton knitwear exports from India. In the year 2002-03 Tirupur exports touched a value of Rs.3, 000 crores. It is
expected that Tirupur exports will grow much faster than the rest of India's export economy. The rapid industrial
development at Tirupur attracts workers from different districts of Tamilnadu and neighbouring states seeking jobs.

Hundreds of thousands of floating industrial labour population at Tirupur had created a social problem peculiar to
the industrialization since the times of David Copperfield and Oliver Twist- abandoned children and or child labour.
The child labour issue in all organized export companies does not exist, thanks to the social awareness of the
exporters due to the most buyers demanding social accountability norms which forbids employment of child
labour. Kovai Child Labour Abolition Support Society a leading NGO based at Collectorate Office in Coimbatore city
(nearest airport for Tirupur and its district headquarters, 1 hour from Tirupur by road) has undertaken a central
government funded National Child Labour Project (NCLP) in 1995 and is very active in Tirupur and two
neighbouring Talukas of Palldam and Avinashi. Total 80 schools are administered by the NCLP each school has
students ranging from 50 to 100. This facility is for the street and parent less children. The students study by play
way method for one year and

28
then join regular schools. Every year about 1,300 to 2,000 such students pass out to join regular schools. The NCLP
is monitored by the project coordinators and every three month a review committee headed by the collector
reviews the progress. Besides this Migros, Swiss based buyers, have a card board tag on each of their product
declaring that a part of the sale proceed on that product will go as contribution to the child welfare of the region it
is manufactured in. They fund to manage a school in Tirupur. Also the Tirupur Exporters Association (TEA) manages
a school for the children.

The Tirupur knitwear industry has been able to book orders from all the sophisticated world market including
European Union, U.S.A., Canada, Japan etc. besides increasing its export growth rate in non- quota market. World
renowned companies and labels buy from Tirupur, e.g. Nike, Lacoste, St. Michael, Benetton, Jockey, Kiabi, Marks &
Spencer, C&A, Tape L Oiel, J.C. Penny, Gallery Lafayette, Wal-Mart, H&M, Old Navy, Quick Silver, Decathlon, Mother
Care, Migros, Primark, Manor, S. Olivier, Euro Disney, Group Andre, Tom Tailor, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas, Carrefour, La
Redout, 3 Suisse, Zara, Karstadt Quelle, Monoprix, Devianne, Fila, Oxbro, Replay, Diesel, Nautica, Abacrobi & Stitch,
MRK, to name a few.

The TEA, the think tank preparing the Tirupur industry to overcome the future difficulties has initiated to have a
ware house in Antwerp, Belgium to facilitate sale of the products manufactured by their members. They had
entered into a MOU with St. John Freight Systems Limited in September, 2003, to open ware houses and godowns
in Europe. This initiative will bear its first fruit in 2006 when the ware house at Antwerp will be available to
exporters from Tirupur. The On Time Delivery could then be better controlled and ready stocks can be made
available to buyers for immediate sale across the table. In my opinion, TEA has three major thrust points, besides
many others for ensuring boosting sales of knitwear manufactured by its members in post 2004 scenario-
. Making Tirupur a Branded Label in Europe/U.S.A.
. Efficiently utilize the Research & Development Centre proposed by the Special Study Group of the Ministry of
Textiles, Government of India and
. Open an office in Europe backed by a R&D Centre and warehouses to showcase various products from Tirupur to
facilitate direct marketing efforts.

29

If the TEA is successful in its efforts mentioned above the battle against competition will be half won since what
Tirupur mainly lacks today is a focused marketing device which can constantly give fashion inputs to the industry
and will ensure direct sales of competitively priced better end products.
To improve the brand image of Tirupur as a quality knitwear base, various merchandise testing laboratories based
at Tirupur have done commendable jobs viz.- ITS, SGS, Textile Committee and other small supporting textile
laboratories. The efforts from these laboratories has also helped directly or indirectly in building the comfort level
with the buyers and ensuring that the suppliers reduce the rejection percentage in various manufacturing
processes. The rejection percentage in terms of volume order has come down from about 5% to a reasonable 1.5%
approximately.

In terms of research work to upgrade the textile industry South India Textile Research Association (SITRA) at
Coimbatore is doing a good job with the yarn spinners, knitters and process houses based in and around Tirupur. In
order to provide educated, professional supervisory and managerial staff to the knitwear industries of Tirupur and
to help the industry to keep pace with modernization, latest innovations etc., many institutions are directly
contributing e.g. NIFT-TEA, ATDC-Tirupur, PSG College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering- Erode,
Tamilnadu Engineering College, Coimbatore etc.. Bharthiyar University has proposed B.Sc.Fashion and Apparel
Design courses focused on fashion knitwear and are considered to match the best institutes in Asia.

Tirupur is determined to change the fixed opinion of most of the buyers about India especially that of Tirupur that
it is a destination for 100% cotton fiber product range with limited variations of cotton blends with polyester or
viscose fibers. Most buyers have a pre-conceived notion to plan or bring orders for 100% cotton fiber products only
for Tirupur-India as they think that most of the suppliers are efficient in only that product and the orders for
balance fibers or fiber blends go to other countries in Asia which are in direct competition with India. To change
this pre-conceived opinion of most of the buyers three leading companies of blend fiber/yarn spinners are doing a
commendable job noticeable in Tirupur-

30

. Rajasthan Spinning & Weaving Mills Limited (LNJ Group), Bhilwara,

. Shakthi Knitting Mills, Tirupur and
. Grasims (Aditya Birla Group), Mumbai

Thanks to the efforts of these companies and others, the yarn blends now available in Tirupur are in various
combinations of cotton, acrylic, silk, linen, tencel, viscose, nylon, modal, elasthane, polyimide etc. Also there are
treated yarns which assure zero twist, feather touch softness, antibacterial, anti-static, odor preventive, UV
protective, bio-degradable, flame retardant or resistant, four tone colour effect, hydrophilic acrylic, moisture
management etc besides the branded varieties. The cost factor for such blends and treated yarns are now in most
cases competitive.
The Lakshmi Mills, a leading textile spinning and weaving machine manufacturer, based at Coimbatore has of late
joined hands with Chinese and Taiwanese manufacturers of textile machinery to upgrade the technology of
machinery and tool manufacturing, thus making available advance machinery locally at competitive prices.

The spinning mills in and around Tirupur supplement their cotton requirements by importing from U.S.A, Australia,
Egypt etc. to spin good export quality yarn. Normal count range used in Tirupur for manufacturing knitwear
products is from 10s to 60s (only ring spun) single ply and two ply. The range of yarn available is auto coned,
electronically cleaned yarns available in mlange, slub, crepe, gassed mercerized, space dyed, grindle apart from
normal combed yarns. The mills which provide the reputable good quality yarns are Eastman Spinning Mills,
Suryavanshi, SSM Mills, Rasi Spinning Mills, Tirupur Textiles Pvt. Ltd., Chola Spinning Mills, Sulochana Cotton
Spinning Mill, ARC Spinning mills, SCM Textiles, Amravathi Spinning Mills, Amarjothi Spinning Mills, Royal Classic
Spinning Mills, Best Cotton Spinning Mills, Nachammai Cotton Mills, Pioneer Spinning Mills, Barani Spinning Mills,
Centwin Spinning Mills, KPR Spinning Mills, Prime Textiles etc. These mills sell direct to the exporters or through
yarn agencies of Tirupur. The spindle capacity of these mills individually ranges from 25,000 to 150,000 spindles
each.

The knitting machinery now available with the suppliers can cover most of the gauges (gg) or

31

tubular width of the fabric and fiber blends with advanced machinery or attachments to the knitting machinery
from leading manufacturers of China, Japan, Europe or the U.S.A. Total number of imported knitting machines
operating in Tirupur area are more than 2,500. The South India Imported Machine Knitters Association (SIIMKA)
ensures import of good quality and advanced machinery suitable for the Tirupur knitwear industry. The circular
knitting machines currently available are Myer & Cie (Germany), Pai Lung (Taiwan), Orizio (Italy), Falmac
(Singapore), Year China (China), Lakshmi Terrot (Indo-German Collaboration), Kenyang (Korea), Vanguard (U.S.A.),
Smart (Taiwan), Unitex (Singapore), Ssaong Yong (Korea), Fukuhara (Japan) etc. The latest trend is open width take
up system which ensures no folding marks are visible in the fabric and is useful especially for the elasthane mixed
fabrics. The machine available in Tirupur is from Pai Lung. The machinery include capability of manufacturing 4
track single jersey, interlock, rib, 8 lock interlock, loop knit, auto striper, electronic jacquard etc. prevailing dia of the
tubular fabrics available in Tirupur range from 16" to 40". The capacity of knitting is also improving with the
induction of jumbo knitting machinery having capacity of almost more than double of the available regular knitting
machines. Most of the conscientious knitters have or are taking technical advice or support from the leading
manufacturers of knitting machines in the world to upgrade the existing knitting technology. The various qualities
of velour, hi-Tech fleece, three thread fleece, polar fleece, 100% Polyester Micro fleece, 100% spun polyester fleece
and or other raised fabrics are now efficiently made at Ahill Knitters at Tirupur and Menaka Mills in and near
Tirupur besides others in Tirupur area with in-house raising, shearing and compacting, heat setting, balloon
padding, mercerizing facilities. The capability and quality is enhanced from previous years for the standard
fabrications which include- jersey, rib, pique, interlock, 50/50 Plating (inter lock, Jersey, Pique etc.) herring bone,
twill, honey comb, crepe, Bedford cord, 2x2 derby rib, waffle, pointelle rib, flat back rib, rib jacquard, two thread
looper, popcorn. In fact the suppliers in Tirupur are taking advantage of latest highly automated knitting machinery
with respect to designing, production and quality. All kind of ornamental designing is possible in knitwear at
Tirupur and such facilities are available at Prem knitting, Centwin, Classic Knits etc. Apart from circular knitting
machines about 500 computerized flat knitting machines mainly for collars & cuffs are available. The popular
brands of flat knit machine available are Sieimo Seiki, Kauoheng, Gong Bo, Flying Tiger, Matsuya, Protti, and Stoll
etc.

32

The climatic conditions are ideally suited for processing of the fabrics. The Process Houses in Tirupur also have
shown remarkable changes, keeping pace with the development in other sectors of the knitwear industry. About
600 Processors, having small (1000 kg/day) to large (about 10,000 kg/day) capacities exist in Tirupur. Almost 50% of
the wet processing is done by soft flow machineries which are mostly imported like Thies, Sehalavos, Tong Jeng,
Santex etc. the capacities of these soft flow machines ranges between 50kg of sample dyeing bath to 1,500kg
production per batch. The benefits of soft flow machines are:

. low material: liquor ratio (1:10)

. uniform dye penetration
. evenness of shades
. productivity is better
. low rejection level (RFT right at first time)

Modern process houses are using dye stuff and chemicals from multi national companies (MNC) such as CIBA,
DYESTAR, CLARION, BASF etc. to ensure azo free, eco friendly dyestuff supplies. All these MNCs are having their
regional office functioning in Tirupur and apart from marketing they provide good technical support in
achieving results of the dye stuff sold, reducing rejection levels, taking trials with new products/fibers etc. Dyes
 generally used for processing cottons, viscose/rayon are reactive dyes, bi functional reactive dyes/remazol dyes.
High Extortion dyes are also being used to help control the pollution level and ensure good dye absorption. The
polyester is dyed by using disperse dyes. Laboratory Test equipment are installed in setting of modern dye
kitchen, computer colour matching like spectrophotometer where besides the colored fabrics even the
bleached fabric can be tested for Whiteness Index (WI). The WI of 160 is considered to be good which is being
achieved at Tirupur. All process houses have well equipped in house laboratories with colour matching cabinet,
crock meter, GSM sample cutter, Pilling Tester, Busting Strength Tester, Laundro Meter, Lea Strength Tester (for
test the yarn strength before & after yarn dyeing).

The yarn dyeing has shown considerable improvement with most of the process houses opting for the cheese
dyeing process. Advanced HT HP yarn dyeing or fabric dyeing vessels are common in most of the leading
process houses. The average capacity available with such process houses is about 3,000 kg/day.

33

Presently tubular processing and finishing is being done but the latest trend is open width fabric finishing
completely integrated system ensuring a flawless end product. The leaders in this are Shakthi Mills, Chaya
Industries, Victus Dyeing etc.. In near future the open width processing will be implemented by most of the
leading process houses. Also in - house facility or outsourcing of gassed mercerized yarn has helped in eliminating
any chance of pilling, hand feel and luster. GTN Textiles has excelled in yarn mercerizing. Fabric mercerizing is also
being done at Solo Knit Process, Chaya Industries, Aar Pee Colours, and Brindhaa Processors etc. Different kind of
garment washes, including perfume wash, pigment dye silicon wash etc., UV protection chemical application on
fabric for beachwear and active wear is possible in the leading process houses of Tirupur such as Victus Dyeing,
Stallion, PKP Processors, RA Knit Processors etc. the drying of processed fabrics is being done by pole driers or the
relax driers and the natural drying is becoming obsolete. The benefit is quick drying, no handling stains, no crease
marks etc. Compacting and stenter the processes which are the heart of the process houses have shown
remarkable improvement lately. The machinery available for tubular compacting are Tubetex (U.S.A), Ferraro,
Monti, Sperotto Rimar (Italy), Albrecht, Weiss (Germany), Santex etc. about 200 imported machines are in
operation in Tirupur. All process houses in Tirupur have advanced ETP keeping in line with the buyer's ecological
concerns. Due to the problem of scarcity of water in Tirupur new dyeing techniques have been adopted to reduce
the liquor ratio of the dye bath from 1:30 to 1:10.

The printing has advanced from table to semi-rotary to rotary and latest advanced machines are being procured
by Victus Dyeing, India Dyeing Mills, SCM Processing Mills, Mithunram Tex, Aar Pee Prints, Venus Printing, Okay
Prints etc. to keep abreast with the competition. Rotary printing offers better process of pigment discharge and
reactive prints. Printing processes like tie-dye, batik, and wax batik are commonly available in Tirupur and
surrounding areas. The table and chest printing with all kind of specialized variations like flock, emboss, foil,
spangle, transfer, rubber motif, glitter, foam, PVC welding, HD plastisol, gel printing, embossing, caviver bead print
etc are commonly available. The R&D in the wet processes are continuous in the process houses which are aware
of latest innovations like Victus Dyeing where thermal prints which change colour when touched or perfume
dyeing which becomes aromatically fragrant when rubbed etc are commercially available.
About 900 imported multi head computer embroidery machines are installed and functional in

34

Tirupur such as Barudan, Tajima, ZSK, Happy, Albrecht etc. 9 to 12 colours are possible in a single design with
these machines. Import of computerized chenille, chain, bead fixing embroidery machines is the latest trend.
There are single head computer machines also installed for customized logo embroideries. The traditional manual
embroidery machines like Aari and Chikan are also operating in Tirupur. There are clusters of hand embroiders in
and around Tirupur who excel in better than basic hand work.

Various latest software packages are available with most of the leading suppliers of Tirupur like Lectra, Gerber,
and Tuka Tech etc for speedy accurate pattern making & grading and efficient laying to optimize fabric
consumptions. The Tirupur industry is emerging from hand cutting to CAM cutting facility to improve the all over
cutting room efficiency. Also the cutting room, sewing floor and garment finishing machineries are continuously
being upgraded thanks to Mehala, IIGM, Turrel and others involved in garment machinery consultancy and sales.

Presence of Hari Chand Anand & Co. is noticeable in Tirupur recently, especially in providing inputs for
specialized sewing machinery and or providing required attachments to sewing machines of various origins for
better efficient end product. The machine layout and choice of machinery required for the targeted customers
is excellent at Eastman, Well knit besides others.

The stress is also felt on the value addition to the garment by installing latest computerized embroidery
machines from Tajima, Berudan and others. Also Geena Garment and other Tirupur suppliers have gone for
Savrosky, pearls, sequins etc. attaching laser guided machines. Suppliers like Eastman, Trinity Fashion, Piper
International and others have excelled in hand embroideries, sequence and beads attaching etc. from cottage
industry network. The embellishments easily available to the
Tirupur suppliers to value add their knitwear products are:
a) Knitted Collar & Cuff. Jacquard knitted and other customized collars & cuffs are being manufactured in
Tirupur area on Taiwanese and other advanced machinery.
b) Ropes & Tapes. A variety of rayon polyester tapes, silk ropes, twill tapes, cotton ropes as well as rope tipping
(heat sealing) and all sizes of stoppers and rubbers are now locally available. Added attraction is the production
of jacquard name twill tapes in multi color, rubber badges and transprints.
c) Hangers. Novelty hangers for the finished garments are locally available in a wide range.

35

In some cases hangers are offered with additional attachments such as plastic clips and clamps as per buyer
requirement.
d) Accessories. Full range of accessories like- 3D patches, embroidery patches with/without iron-on-fix, special
reflection badges, night glow radiant buttons, reflection zippers, diamond zippers and motifs such as beads,
studs, stones and foils (gold and silver) are being manufactured locally. However, following accessories
imported from Korea and Japan is easily available- quality buttons, rubber laces, printed Velcro, creative
buttons, rubber labels, jean denim patches, woven labels, metal logos, metal boxes, leather printed patches,
PVC labels and embossed patches.
e) Labels. With the help of computerized Rapier looms and cut & fold machines good quality woven labels are
locally manufactured on imported machines. There are a range of printed label machines with attached sticker
and die cuttings for foil embossing. 5 color-printed labels are also locally manufactured.

The nearest port from Tirupur is Tuticorin about 8 to 9 hours by truck from Tirupur and has a list of frequent
daily sailing feeder vessels service to Colombo, where the mother vessels berth and is about 10
hours/overnight journey from port to port by sea. From Colombo it takes about 13 days sailing time to
Amsterdam. Maersk Logistics from Tuticorin has weekly FCL sailing to Salala in the middle-east, cutting down
the sailing time to 11 days. Tuticorin has yet to develop strongly in the infrastructure for efficient loose cargo
(LCL) handling. Chennai has better infrastructure and is about 12 to 14 hours
by truck, from Tirupur. At Chennai LCL cargo handling is much better and presently is the preferred port of the
buyers of the Taffles Group for their orders placed with the south suppliers. Other option for port is Mumbai
which is about 40 hours from Tirupur and about 30 hours from Bangalore by truck. In Mumbai consolidation of
LCL cargo can be optimized as cargo from Delhi is routed to Mumbai. Very few buyers prefer Mumbai port to
Chennai or Tuticorin for cargo from Tirupur.

The social commitment and awareness of social compliance being an effective tool post 2004 scenario has
ensured investment of the leading suppliers of Tirupur like Eastman, Reliance Dyeing, Victus Dyeing Well knit
and other like minded socially active suppliers to go in for activities like-

36
. wind energy sponsorship (Reliance Dyeing, Victus Dyeing, KPR Industries besides others)
. Reverse Osmosis ETP plant with zero effluent discharge (Reliance Dyeing Mills, Victus Dyeing, Aar Pee Colour,
Classics, Allwyn Processors, Chemtech Processors, Rajlakshmi, Rennaissance etc)
. Forestation/Coconut & other useful tree plantation (Reliance Dyeing, Victus Dyeing, Fabrocrats besides others)
. Schools for the children of the workers employed by the industry and providing transportation for the students
with the help of buyers like Migros, C&A, Switcher etc or with the help of others or NGO
. Hospitals with the help of the buyers like C&A and others or NGO
. Medical Centers for the benefit of workers employed in the industry and their families with the Help of buyer
Switchers and others
. Day care centers for the young non school going children of workers employed in the industry with the help of
Migros or other buyers/NGO

Even with the awareness of procuring correct raw material and efficiency in various processes of production to
reduce cost, social compliance, social commitments to meet the concern of most demanding buyers, the Tirupur
suppliers, like most of the manufacturers are not aware of their most important weakness i.e. to be able to hook on
to latest trends to create a range which can book orders easily or to dispose off the merchandise exported which
for some reason the consignee is not able to accept.

Now with the changing scenario, due 2005 factor some of the leading suppliers like Eastman and Geena Garment
and others are tying up with the importers, foreign based agents, and local agents etc to improve their marketing
net work.

Two obstacles noticeable in Tirupur which need immediate considerations are:

. Acute shortage of water and ban on commercial boring to draw water from earth has made the wet process on to
fabric/garment a very difficult task, especially in future. The World Bank project to bring water to Tirupur by 2006 is
in various stages of completion. The pipe line will be laid by Mahindra and the water will be provided by L&T.

37

. The available water has hardness and is not suitable for effective processing with brilliancy in shades. Presently all
the modern processors are using converted soft water from hard water where the ppm is less than 10.

REFERENCES:
https://www.ibef.org/industry/textiles.aspx
https://www.projectguru.in/publications/future-scope-for-exports-of-garments-from-india-to-uk/
https://www.ibef.org/exports/cotton-industry-india.aspx
http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2143/export-performance-of-indian-textile-
industry
http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/64/overview-of-tirupur-knitwear-industry

38
 CHAPTER 4 - LIVE CASE STUDIES

39

4.1 MAHATMA MANDIR – AHEMDABAD

Mahatma Mandir is a convention center and a memorial located at sector 13, Gandhinagar,
Gujarat, India. It is inspired from life and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.
It is one of the biggest convention center of India spread over 34 acres. It was developed by
Government of Gujarat.
Business summits like Vibrant Gujarat Global Investor Summit 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 were
organized here. It is in the Central Vista of Gandhi Nagar, directly in front of the assembly
complex. Located at 20 kms from Ahmedabad international airport and approx. 30 kms. from
Ahmedabad Railway station, Mahatma Mandir is well connected with National Highway to
Delhi, Mumbai etc
 40

CONVENTION CENTER:

A convention center has column free air conditioned halls with capacity to accommodate over
15,000 people at a time. Its theatre style main hall have capacity of 6000 people.
Exhibition halls are built over 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) area. It has four seminar halls (three having
seating capacity of 500 and one with capacity of 1000), seven high tech conference halls and a
meeting room.
MEMORIAL:

A memorial dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi was constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji And Company
Limited. A suspension bridge is built in memory of the Dandi March.
A concrete dome structure is constructed representing salt mound houses a museum, library and
research center. A sculpture garden with stone murals depicting the life of Mahatma Gandhi is
also developed. A grand spinning wheel, Charkha, is installed also.
41
CENTRAL VISTA:

The 162-metre-wide (531 ft) and 3-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) road connecting Mahatma Mandir
and Gujarat Legislative Assembly building was constructed.
It has three lanes on both side with gardens between them. It is a broadest avenue in Gujarat.

42
 43

4.2 CODDISIA – COIMBATORE

44
45

46
47
48
 49

4.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE - BANGLORE

No. of Halls : 4
Total area : 59827.98
Halls with state-of-the-art technology :
 Floor loading capacity of 0.75 to 30 MT/sqm.
 Under floor ducts for power, water, compressed air, telecommunication facilities.
 Column-less structure spanning 60 mts width.
 Floor to roof is 18 mts at the center and 9 mts at the sides.
 Designed to offer flexibility in layout planning.
 Adequate passageway for large trucks carrying exhibits, to access the stall location right into
the halls.
 Office space for organizer at every hall, Business Centre at Hall 1 and control rooms.
 Differently-abled friendly venue with access to every part of the venue.
 Infrastructure to provide adequate supply of power to exhibitions of any size.
50
 51

52

4.4 TEX VALLEY - COIMBATORE

53
54
4.5 NIFT - CHENNAI
55
CHAPTER 5 - LITERATURE CASE STUDIES

56
5.1 HITEX – HYDERABAD
57
 58

5.2 MUSEUM OF FABRIC – MUMBAI

 59

5.3 MITEC - MALAYSIA

60
61
62
CHAPTER 6 - SITE

63
 SITE

CHENNAI TRADE CENTRE:

Chennai Trade Centre to be expanded at Rs 289 crore

The Chennai Trade Centre would be expanded by adding 17,000 square meters of exhibition
space at a cost of Rs 289 core over two years, Tamil Nadu Industries Minister M C Sampath said
today.

Permission had been given to the Tamil Nadu Trade Promotion Organization (TNTPO) for
utilizing additional 9.13 acre of land for the expansion, he told the state assembly.

TNTPO has prepared a detailed project report for the expansion of Trade Centre and the
expansion model was also approved by the board.

"This expansion project will be developed at an estimated project cost of Rs 289 crore. This will
develop additional exhibition space of 15,700 square meters in CTC", he said.

The project was expected to be completed in two years.

The trade centre was set up by the India Trade Promotion Organisation and Tamil Nadu
Industrial Development Corporation as a joint venture in 2001.

Spread over 25.48 acres, it presently has three large exhibition halls and a convention centre.
 64

CHENNAI TRADE CENTRE:

Maduravoyal , Chennai.
Site by the side of MGR university in Avadi.
There is Vellore – Chennai highway road running along.
One of the most developing areas in Chennai.
65