LA SALLE UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

Ozamiz City
Course Code: FounMa Credit Units: 3 units
Course Title: Foundations of Mathematics

WORKSHEET No. 5:
RELATIONS and FUNCTIONS
Student: ___________________________________ Score: _____________
Instructor: Mr. Jimbo J. Antipolo Date Accomplished: ______________

I. Relations.
Directions: Answer the following problems on relation on the set.
1. Let A={a,b,c} and B={1,2,3}.
a. Is P={(a,a),(b,c),(b,a)} a relation from A to A?
b. Is R={(a,1),(b,2),(c,2)} a relation from A to B?
c. Is Q={(1,a),(2,b)} a relation from A to B?
2. Let A = {1,2,3,4} and Rdiv = {(a,b)| a divides b}
a. What does Rdiv consist of?
3. Let A = {1,2,3,4}.
a. Define a R≠ b if and only if a ≠ b.

Directions: Answer the following problems on the properties of relations.

1. Define a relation R on the integers by aRb if a2 − b2 ≤ 3. Is it reflexive? Is it symmetric? Is it transitive? Please
provide a comprehensive explanation.
2. Assume relation Rdiv ={(a b), if a |b} on A = {1,2,3,4}. Is Rdiv reflexive? Why or why not?
3. Relation R on A = {1,2,3,4} defined as: R = {(1,2),(2,2),(3,3)}. Is R reflexive? Why or why not?
4. Rfun on A = {1,2,3,4} defined as: Rfun = {(1,2),(2,2),(3,3)}. Is Rfun irreflexive? Why or why not?
5. Assume relation R≠ on A={1,2,3,4}, such that a R≠ b if and only if a ≠ b. Is R≠ irreflexive? Why or why not?
6. Rdiv ={(a b), if a |b} on A = {1,2,3,4}. Is Rdiv symmetric? Why or why not?

Directions: Answer the following problems on equivalence relations.

1. Consider the relation R on a set {1,2,3,4}. R = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (3,3), (3,4), (4,4)}. Is R
an equivalence relation? Why or why not?
2. Consider the relation R on a set {1,2,3,4,5}. R = {(1,1), (1,3), (1,5), (2,2), (2,4), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5), (4,2), (4,4), (5,1),
(5,3), (5,5)}. Is R an equivalence relation? Why or why not?
3. Is the relation R on Z defined by aRb if a2 + b2 = 0 an equivalence relation? If yes, prove it directly. If not, what
property of relations has been violated?

II. Functions.
Directions: Describe each function as injective, surjective or bijective.
1. Let f : [0, ∞) → [0,∞) be defined by f(x) = √ 𝑥.
2. f : A → B where A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {v, w, x, y, z}.
3. Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {x, y, z}.
4. f : A → B where A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {v, w, x, y}.
5. f(x) = x2 where the domain and codomain are set of real numbers.
6. f : A → B where A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {x, y, z}.
7. f : R → R defined by f : x → x(x − 1)(x + 2).
8. f : R → R defined by f : x → x3
9. f : R → {x ∈ R : x ≥ 0} defined by f(x) = |x|

For item no. 10: Let f: R → R, f(x) = 5x – 1.

a. Is this function injective? Show your proof.
b. Is this function surjective? Show your proof.
c. Is it bijective? Show your proof.

Directions: Answer the following questions on inverse functions.

1. A pre-paid cellular phone charges $25 for activation and $0.05 per minute. The relation of cost to minutes can be
defined by the function c(x) = 0.05x + 25. What is the inverse of the function?
2. The Drama Club is holding a car wash to raise money. The club spent $90 on materials and supplies. The club earns
$11.25 for each car they wash. What is the inverse to the function of how much the club earns per cars washed?
3. Ms. Wright wrote the function p(x) = 82x – 2700 to represent her profits from purses sold. Determine the inverse
of the function and what it represents.
𝑥+7
4. What is the inverse of the linear function f(x) = ?
4

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5. The formula for converting a temperature in degrees Fahrenheit into degrees Celsius is C = (F – 32).
9
a) Write the formula in function notation.
b) Write f-1 as a rule. What does the rule represent?

Directions: Apply the pigeonhole principle in answering the problems below.

1. Charlie has a drawer full of 12 red and 14 green socks. In order to avoid waking his roommate, he must grab a
selection of clothes in the dark and get dressed in the hallway. How many socks must he grab to be assured of
having a matching pair?
2. A teacher gives a multiple choice quiz that has 3 questions, each with four possible answers: a, b, c, d. What is the
minimum number of students that must be in the class in order to guarantee that at least 2 answer sheets will be
identical?
3. A row of houses is randomly assigned distinct numbers between 1 and 50 (inclusive). How many houses must there
be to insure that there are 5 houses numbered consecutively?

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * END OF WORKSHEET NO. 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

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