Chapter II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method

This study main focuses on the factors affecting the deterioration of

Cultural Values among the Grade 7 STE students of Tagumpay Nagaño High
School. The researchers choose a survey research because it best served to
answer the questions and the purposes of the study. The questionnaires will
be distributed randomly with indicated numbers among the Grade 7 of Tagumpay
Nagaño High School.
Questionnaires were chosen for this research because they are a reliable
and quick method to gather information from multiple respondents within
several weeks in an efficient and timely manner. This is especially important
when it comes to large projects, with several complex objectives, where time
is one of the major limitations. Data can be collected relatively quickly
because the researcher would no need to be presented when the questionnaires
were completed. However, the general problem or the disadvantage of using
questionnaire is their fixed and strict format, which eliminates the
possibilities of the researchers to know more depth information and
observation. The respondents may tell lie too to the answer that their
writing because of lack of social desirability and that they want to appear
better than they are to please the researcher.
Research Locale

The study was conducted at Tagumpay Nagaño High School. Tagumpay Nagaño
High School started to operate in the year 2015, under the name Mambangnan
High School Special Science Class Extension Campus, through the initiative
of the Municipal Mayor, Hon. Froilan A. Nagaño, together with the Sangguniang
Bayan and the concerted efforts of the Barangay Captain, Hon. Jessie M.
Alcantara, FPTA President Nelson M. Catacutan and the OIC/Assistant School
Principal II, Laura A. Cruz.
It all started as a vision. As the surrounding cities have their own
Science High Schools, the visionary leader and father of San Leonardo, Hon.
Froilan A. Nagaño, thought of the possibility of establishing one in San
Leonardo so the aspiring and promising students of the municipality need not
to travel far to study under specialized curricular. Its establishment also
aimed at supporting the students to excel academically especially in the
field of Science and Mathematics; it being a Special Science Class.
This place was picked for us to know the efficiency of the study of
the factors affecting the deterioration of cultural values. This study was
implemented on the grade 7 STE students of TNHS. This study has named the
factors affecting the deterioration of the cultural values. The research
study was implemented inside the vicinity of the school, clean room and
organized chairs that's enough for the participants.
 Figure 2. Locator’s Map
Sample and Sampling Procedure
From TNHS, we will get a sample of 77 students of Grade 7 STE students.
We will use snowball sampling procedure because this sampling procedure is
a nonprobability sampling technique. Using this sample technique, the
research participants will recruit other participants for our study.
Table 1
Respondents’ Population

TNHS Grade 7 Students

STE Students 95
Total 95

Data Gathering Procedure

The Instrument
In order to get the data we used for our study, we used questionnaire
as an instrument. We used questionnaire because it is effective way of
obtaining information from a large sample of respondents also, it doesn't
take a lot of time because the respondents will just check the appropriate
scale that corresponds their thought.
In our questionnaire, the part I contains the profile of the respondents
including name(optional), age and sex. The second part contains the cultural
values that the grade 7 students used to do. They will rate it according to
given rating scale. On the last part, the factors that we thought are
affecting their cultural values are enumerated. It is subdivided into parts,
the first part includes internal factors. Internal factors are divided into
three which are the emotional breakdowns, increased freedom and the
influenced of media. Next to internal factors are external factors. External
factors are also subdivided into three: poor parenting, the influence of
friends and condoning attitude of society. The statements were provided in
each factors there is also a rating scale that will serves as guide for their
answers.
Table 2
Rating Scale for the Use of Cultural Values of Grade 7 STE Students

Scale
1 Always
2 Often
3 Seldom
4 Never

Table 3
Rating Scale for the Factors Affecting the Deterioration of Cultural
Values

Scale Range Verbal Description

4 3.25 - 4.00 Always
3 2.50 – 3.24 Often
2 1.75 – 2.49 Sometimes
1 1.00 – 1.74 Never

Construction of the Instrument

In making the questionnaire needed for our study, all of us helped in
making the statements written on the Questionnaire. We also encountered some
problems and slight revisions on our first Questionnaire. We are told to
emphasize the content of our questionnaire and itemize the statements, we
are also told that we should align the statements according to the study and
also to translate the directions written on the paper. On our second attempt,
we also encountered some problems and major revisions where we categorized
and made tables for each factor of our study. We are also told that we should
make the Statement of the Problem and Questionnaire parallel to each other,
we are also advised that we should remove some item statements that doesn’t
go well with the study and lastly, is the translation of the item statements.
In our, third time passing the questionnaire where we did all the revisions,
it was already accepted and ready to be answered.
Administration of the Instrument
The researchers made a questionnaire and a letter that acts as the
instrument. Then before the questionnaire is laid on the study, the
researcher first verified it to our consultant if there's anything invalid
to the content of our questionnaire and as well as the letter of approval.
After it was approved by the consultant, we produced a total of 77 copies of
the questionnaire. We made a snowball sampling by making the research
participants to recruit other participants and we also used random sampling
by randomly pick the names with indicated number. We then gave the letter to
the assigned teacher and distributed the questionnaire to the respondents
and they only answered it for 3-5 minutes. Finally, the gathered data was
tabulated and proceed to the next step.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The aim of this study is to find out the different factors affecting
the deterioration of cultural values among Grade 7 STE students. Statistical
treatment of data is essential to make use of the gathered data in the right
form. The researchers will use different statistical treatment with different
formulas to briefly organized the data gathered from using questionnaires
answered by the Grade 7 STE students. The organization of data is equally
important in this study so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn.
The data to be gathered in this study will be subjected to the following
statistical treatment:
1. Frequency Counts and Percentages
A frequency and percentage distribution is a display of data that specifies
the percentage of observations that exist for each point of data points.
The process of creating frequency counts and percentages involves
identifying the total number of observations to be presented and counting
the total number of observations with each data point or grouping of data
points.
Percentage is calculated by taking the frequency in the category divided
by the total number of participants multiplying by 100%.
FORMULA:
𝑓
𝑃= 𝑋 100
𝑁
where:
P = percentage
f = frequency
n = number of respondent
100 = constant
2. Weighted Mean
A weighted mean is a kind of average. Instead of each data point
contributing equally to the final mean, some data points contribute more
“weight” than others.
It is calculated by multiplying the weight (or probability) associated
with a particular event or outcome and then summing all the products
together.
 In short, each number in the data set is multiplied by a predetermined
weight before the final calculation is made.
FORMULA:
∑[(𝑓)(𝑤)]
𝑋̅ =
𝑛
where:

𝑋̅ = weighted mean
f = frequencies to the given
w = weights
n = total number of respondents
3. Interval of a Likert Scale
Interval scales are numeric scales in which we know both the order and
the exact differences between the values. It is defined as a quantitative
measurement scale where the differences between 2 variables is meaningful.
Interval scale is the third level of measurement. In other words, the
variables are measured in actuals and not as a relative manner, where the
presence of zero is arbitrary.
FORMULA:
𝐻𝑠 − 𝐿𝑠
𝐼=
𝐻𝑠
where:

𝐼 = interval
Hs = highest score
Ls = lowest score