Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY SZAB CAMPUS KHAIRPUR MIRS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

POWER ELECTRONICS
PRACTICAL JOURNAL

Reviwed by Prepared by

Engr. Nadeem Ahmed Engr. Mohsin Ali

Tunio Mari
Assistant Professor Lab Engineer

Department of Department of Electrical

Electrical Engineering
Engineering

1 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Certificate
Certified that Mr. /Miss.

__________________________________

S/O/D/O ______________Bearing Roll No:_________of 8th

semester final Year of Electrical Engineering has

carried out the necessary practical work for the

subject of Power Electronics as prescribed by the

Mehran University of Engineering & Technology

SZAB KhairpurMir’s Campus.

_________________________
Engr. Mohsin Ali Mari
Lab Engineer

2 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Table of Contents

Sr. Page Date

Experiment
No. No
01. Introduction to P.E 5000 power
electronics trainer
02. Analysis of Single-phase uncontrolled
Rectifier
03. Analysis of Three-phase uncontrolled
Rectifier
04. Characteristics of an SCR
05. Measurement of triggering pulses
06. Analysis of Single-phase Controlled
Rectifier
07. Analysis of Three-phase Controlled
Rectifier
08. Output characteristics of Single-phase
AC voltage controller
09. Output characteristics of Three-phase
AC voltage controller
10. Characteristics of Single quadrant DC
chopper
11 DC motor control using single
quadrant DC chopper
12 Characteristics of Electronic Ballast
13 Output characteristics of Single
phase inverter
14 Output characteristics of Three phase
inverter
15 Buck Boost power supply

3 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Lab Experiment No.01

Introduction to P.E 5000 Power Electronic Trainer
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Object: to be familiar with all working modules of power electronics trainer

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

Discussion:
The P.E 5000 power electronics system consists of 29 experimental modules, a three phase
squirrel cage motor, a digital storage oscilloscope, load, control and measuring devices. The
module panels are shown in following figures.
Power electronics is the combination of power, electronics, and control. It may be defined as
the application of solid state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power.
Often used circuits of power electronics contain rectifiers, choppers, and inverters. The P.E
5000 module includes converters, power supply, load, control and testing modules. These
experimental modules and instruments will be introduced and demonstrated in the subsequent
experiments.

4 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.1 DC power supply and reference variable generator:

Fig: 15.2 differential amplifier, current transducer and 3 phase angle controller

5 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.3 power meter and RMS meter

Fig: 15.4 resistor load and switching power supply

Fig: 15.5 isolating transformer

6 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.6 resistive and inductive loads

Fig: 15.7 buck and boost switching power supplies

7 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.8 buck boost power supply & electronic ballast lamp

Fig: 15.9 diode set, fuse set and universal inverter

8 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.10 IGBT, PWM generator and single phase PWM controller

9 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.11 three phase PWM controller and rectifier circuit

10 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.12 SCR and DC chopper set

Review Questions:

1. What did you learnt from this module ?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

11 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.02
Analysis of Single phase uncontrolled rectifier
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the waveforms of single phase uncontrolled

full wave rectifier circuit.
 To calculate the efficiency and ripple factor of Single
phase uncontrolled full wave rectifier circuit.

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

A single phase uncontrolled rectifier converts the complete input

waveform to a constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full-
wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to
pulsating DC (direct current), and yields a higher average output voltage.
 Two diodes and a center tapped transformer, or four diodes in a bridge
connection and any AC source (including a transformer without center
tap), are needed. Single semiconductor diodes, double diodes with
common cathode or common anode, and four-diode bridges, are
manufactured as single components.
Single phase rectifier circuits with two and four diodes are shown below
with center tapped transformer.
The efficiency of single phase half wave rectifier circuit is 40.5% and that
of full wave is 81%. The ripple factor of single phase half wave rectifier
circuit is 121% and that of the full wave rectifier is 48.2%

12 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Circuit Diagrams:
Center tapped full wave rectifier circuit with two diodes.

Center tapped full wave rectifier circuit with four diodes:

13 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 2.1 full wave rectifier circuits

Procedure:

 Complete the connections by referring to the wiring diagram in

figure 3.2
 This rectifier operates from a single-phase 220V and the load circuit
is a 200 ohm resistor. To observe the voltage waveforms before and
after rectifying, CH1 input of DSO is connected to ac supply via
Differential Amplifier Ch.A and CH2 input is connected to the load
via Differential Amplifier Ch.C.
 Place the V Range selector switches of Differential Amplifiers Ch.A
and Ch.C in the 500V position (the Vi/Vo ratio = 50). Use DSO to
measure the input voltage (CH1) and the load voltage (CH2)
waveforms of the single-phase full-wave diode rectifier as shown in
figure 3.2. Observe and record the peak value of input voltage Vm
=…….V.
 Set the V Range (SW1) and I Range (SW2) selector switches of
Power meter to300V and 1A, respectively. Measure the rms output
power Po (rms) = ……………W.
 Place AC+DC/AC (SW2) and RMS/AV (SW1) selector switches of RMS
Meter in AC+DC and RMS positions respectively. Set the V/I Range
selector (SW3) switch to 300V, measure the rms output voltage Vo
(rms) = ……..V. Set the V/I Range selector (SW3) switch to 1A,
measure the rms output current Io(rms) = ………….A. Calculate Po
(rms) = Vo (rms)* Io (rms) = ……….W. Is the calculated value very
close to the measured value in Step 4?..............
 Place the AC+DC/AC (SW2) and RMS/AV (SW1) selector switches of
RMS Meter in AC+DC and AV positions, respectively. Set the V/I
Range selector (SW3) switch to 300V, measure the average output
voltage Vo (av) = ………V. Set the V/I Range selector (SW3) to 1A,
measure the average output current Io(av) = ………….A. Calculate
Po(av) = Vo(av)* Io(av) = ……….W.
 Substituting the measured and calculated values calculate Pd =
Po(rms)-Po(av) =……...W. Using the calculated Pd and load
resistance R, calculate V(rms) =√ Pd × R =√ Pd ×200 =………..V.
Po(av)
Substituting Po(rms) and Po(av) ,calculate η r= =… … … %. Is
Po(rms)
the calculated value close to 81% ?..........
 Place the AC+DC/AC(SW2) and RMS/AV(SW1) selector switches of
RMS Meter in AC and RMS positions, respectively. Set the V/I Range
selector (SW3) switch to 300V, measure the rms ripple voltage

14 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Vr(rms) = …….V. Is the measured value close to the calculated

value in Step ?.............
Vr (rms)
 Substituting the measured values calculate ripple factor λ=
Vo ( av )
=………. %. Is the calculated value close to 48.2%?.........

Connection diagram:

Fig: 2.2 wiring diagram of full wave rectifier circuit

Draw the Graph:

15 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph 2.1 input and output waveforms of full wave rectifier

Review questions:

1. Why we connect center tapped transformer in the rectifier circuit?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How we can get pure DC current from pulsating DC output of

rectifiers?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Write some applications of rectifier circuits?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

16 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.03

Analysis of the three phase uncontrolled rectifier
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the waveforms of three phase full wave

uncontrolled rectifier circuit.
 To calculate the efficiency and ripple factor of the
three phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier circuit.

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

A three phase half wave rectifier circuit requires three diodes; each diode is connected with a
separate phase where as full wave rectifier circuit uses six diodes as shown in circuit diagram.
There are two diodes connected with each phase. Load receives rectified voltage. These
rectifiers have advantage of low ripple voltage, high performance power conditioning,
providing higher power and smooth dc voltage to the load as compared to the half wave
rectifier circuits. The frequency of the ripples at output is six times the ac source frequency,
so this rectifier is also called as six pulse rectifier.

Circuit diagram:

17 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 3.1 three phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier circuit

Procedure:

 Complete the connections shown in figure 5.2

 This rectifier operates from a three-phase four-wire 220V (phase voltage = 127V) and
the load circuit is a 200 ohm resistor. The CH1 of DSO is used to measure the phase
voltage VA via Differential Amplifier Ch.A, and CH2 is used to measure the output
voltage via Differential Amplifier Ch.C.
 Set the V Range selector (SWA, SWC) Switches of Differential Amplifier Ch.A and
Ch.C to 500V. Using DSO, measure the phase voltage VA (CH1) and load voltage
(CH2) waveforms of the three-phase full-wave diode rectifier. Measure the peak value
of phase voltage Vp(max) = ………….V, the frequency of ripple on output voltage is
………... Times the input source frequency.
 Place the AC+DC/AV (SW2) and RMS/AV (SW1) selector switches of RMS Meter
in AC+DC and AV positions. Measure the average output voltage Vo (av) =……. V
and the average output current Io (av) =…… A of the rectifier. Place the AC+DC /
AC (SW2) and RMS / AV (SW1) selector switches of RMS Meter in AC+DC and
RMS positions. Measure the rms output voltage Vo (rms) = …….. V and the rms
output current Io (rms) = ………. A of the rectifier.
 Substituting the measured Vp(max) of Step 3 in equation, Vo(av) = 2.34 Vp(max)
calculate Vo(av) =……….. V. Is there good agreement between the calculated Vo(av)
and the measured Vo(av) ........... Substituting the measured Vp (max) of Step 3 into
equation Vo(rms)=1.6554Vp(max), calculate Vo(rms) = …….…..V. Is there good
agreement between the calculated Vo(rms) and the measured Vo(rms) of Step 4?.........
Are the values of Vo(rms) and Vo(av) nearly equal to each other?..............
 Substituting the measured values of Step 4 and load resistor R=200 ohm into equation
Po(av)=Vo(av)2/R and Po(rms)=Vo(rms)2/R, calculate Po(av) = ……….. W and
Po(rms) = ………... ……W. Substituting these calculated results into equation
ηr =Po (av )/Po(rms), calculate the efficiency ηr=………….%. Is this value very
close to 99.83 %?...............
 Place the AC+DC/AC(SW2) and RMS /AV (SW1) selector switches of RMS Meter
in AC and RMS positions, respectively. Measure the rms ripple voltage Vr(rms) =
Vr(rms)
……... V. Substitute the measured results of Steps 4 and 7 into equation λ= =
Vo (av )
calculate the ripple factor…..……. %. Is this value very close to 4%?..............

18 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 3.2 wiring diagram of full wave uncontrolled rectifier

circuit

Draw the graph:

19 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph: 3.1 input and output waveforms of three phase full wave un
controlled rectifier

Review Questions:

1. How many diodes are required for three phase half wave and full wave rectifier
circuits?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain the ripple component.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Write some applications of three phase full wave rectifier circuit.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

20 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.04

Characteristics of an SCR
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Object: to be familiar with terminal identification, turn on and off methods of an SCR

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Digital Meters
 Connecting cables

Discussion:
The silicon controlled rectifier or thyristor is a four layer p-n-p-n device. Which is solid state
equivalent of arc discharge devices like tyhratorns & mercury arc valves? It has three
terminals- anode, cathode & gate? Like a diode it blocks current in the reverse direction, but
unlike diode it also blocks current in the forward direction until a suitable gate pulse is
applied between gate & cathode. Some references apply the term “Thyristor” to any
semiconductor device, which operates on p-n-p-n regenerative principle.
Thyristor is internationally recognized name for a practical semiconductor device.
The name is derived from the Geek, the first part meaning switch & the second part is
associated with the transistor family, It has trade name, viz SCR & it got this name
principally because it is a silicon device & it is used as a rectifier, which can be controlled,
As a controlled switch it form a group together with the electromagnetic relay, the thyratarn
& the mercury arc rectifier. The thyristor is a switch. The thyristor is suitable for the control
of large amounts of power because it is light weight, reliable, fast acting, turn on with a small
power & is free from mechanical difficulties because there are no moving parts. This switch
does have some disadvantages. When the thyristor is turn on & conducts there is a forward
voltage of about 1.5v. So these power devices are thermally limited. Ratings are important.

Turn on Methods of an SCR:

To initiate conduction the anode voltage must be positive with respect to the cathode. There
are five methods of switching on the thyristor.
1. Gate triggering
2. Forward break over
3. Light turn on
4. dv/dt turns on

21 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

5. Temperature-turn on
The gate triggering is normal method of turning on a thyristor. When the anode is positive
with respect to cathode, a suitable pulse is applied between gate & cathode, so that gate is
positive with respect to cathode. The pulse remains for some time until the anode current has
increased a certain value known as ‘Latching current’ or ‘Pick up current’.
A thyristor can be brought to non-conducting state if its anode current is reduced below a
value called “Holding Current” for certain time knows as “Turn off time”. Following three
methods are employed to commutate or turn off a thyristor.
Turn Off Methods of an SCR:
1. Line or phase commutation
2. Load commutation
3. Forced commutation
Other commutation methods are listed below which interrupt the anode current.
1. Opening the line switch.
2. Increasing the load impedance.
3. Shunting the load current in parallel to thyristor that is short circuiting the device.

Procedure for terminal identification:

Fig: 4.1 terminal identification of an SCR

1. Set the multi meter to its resistance range.

2. Connect the leads of multi meter to any two terminals of the SCR and measure the
resistance.
3. If the multi meter indicates the infinite resistance, change the pair of SCR terminals until
the multi meter shows the low resistance.

22 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Record all the necessary readings of resistance in observation table given below:

Observation Table 4.1

S. No Positive terminal of the multi Negative terminal of the multi Resistance

meter meter

Review Questions:

2. How we can identify the terminals of SCR when multi meter shows the low resistance?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

3. Why multi meter shows low resistance between Gate and Cathode terminals of SCR?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

4. Write the applications of SCR?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

5. What would happen when SCR is in conducting state and gate voltage is removed?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

23 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.05

Measurement of triggering pulses

Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the waveforms of triggering pulses.

 To see the effects of triggering pulses on output voltage of an SCR

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

When anode of a thyristor is made positive as compared to cathode and suitable gate pulse is
applied across the cathode and gate, it starts conducting. The output voltage across the load is
controlled by SCR depending upon the firing angle or triggering angle. Greater the firing
angle lesser will be the conduction angle and vice versa. Firing pulse can be of any angle
from 0 to 180 degree. When angle is 0 the SCR conducts completely, when angle is 180 the
output of SCR is 0.

Procedure:

 Put modules fuse set, DC power supply, reference variable

generator and three phase angle controller in experiment frame as
shown in figure1.1.
 Place the power switch of isolating transformer and DC power
supply in the off position.
 Set the V control knob of reference variable generator to 0%
position.

24 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 On three phase angle controller module set αmin=0ᵒ and αmax=180ᵒ.

This limits the triggering angles between 0ᵒ and 180ᵒ.Select single pulse
mode (pulse selector in down position).
 Using the digital storage oscilloscope (DSO), measure the phase
voltage VA (CH1) via the differential amplifier ch.A (500V,vi/vo
ratio=50) and the triggering pulse across G and K terminals of
L1P(CH2)via the differential amplifier ch.C(100v,vi/vo ratio=10).
 Turn all power on. Adjust the V control knob of reference generator
to read various values of triggering angle α from the 7-segment
display of 3-ϕangle controller, observe the triggering pulse of L1P,
L2P and L3P, and view the change in phase shift between any two
triggering pulses.

Connection diagram:

Fig 5.1 Experimental setup for triggering pulse measurement

25 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Draw the graph:

Graph 5.1 triggering pulses of different values

Review questions:

1. Why we need to apply triggering pulses to SCR?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the phase difference between triggering pulses L1 an L2?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the requirement of a suitable gate pulse?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
26 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.06

Analysis of Single phase controlled rectifiers
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the waveforms of single phase controlled

full wave rectifier circuit.
 To obtain controlled output voltage from Single phase
controlled full wave rectifier circuit providing different
firing angles.

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
27 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Connecting cables

Discussion:

The construction of single phase full-wave controlled rectifier is similar to that of single
phase full-wave diode rectifier. In order to vary the average value of DC output voltage the
diode is replaced by a thyristor (usually SCR). By varying the firing angle of thyristor, the
average output voltage of the single phase full-wave controlled rectifier is therefore varied.
Single phase full-wave rectifier provides two pulses to the load in one complete cycle of
power source; therefore it is also called a two-pulse controlled rectifier.
Controlled rectifier with two thyristors is shown below:

Circuit diagram:

Fig: 6.1 full wave controlled rectifier circuit

Procedure:

 Complete the connections as shown in figure 4.2

 This rectifier operates from a single-phase 220V and the load circuit is a 200 ohm
resistor. On Reference variable generator module, set the Vc Range selector switch to
0 +10V and set the V control knob to its 0% position. On 3ϕ Phase Angle
Controller module, select Single Pulse output, set α(min)=0 and α(max)=180. The
triggering angle can be varied between 0 to 180 by turning the V control knob of
Reference Variable Generator
 Adjust the V control knob of Reference variable generator to read the trigger angle α
=60 from 7-segment display on 3ϕ phase angle controller. Place the V Range selector
switches of differential amplifier Ch.A and Ch.C in the 500V position. Using DSO,
measure the input voltage (CH1) and the load voltage (CH2) waveforms of single-
phase full-wave controlled rectifier. Practice a variety of triggering angles and
observe the changes in load voltage waveform.
 Place the AC+DC/AC (SW2) and RMS/AV (SW1) selector switches of RMS Meter
in AC+DC and AV positions, respectively. Measure and record the average output
voltages of the rectifier at α=0 and α=60, then calculate the ratio of Vd60/Vd0 and
verify the equation Vdα/Vd 0=cosα
28 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Using RMS Meter, measure V d0=………..V and Vd60=…………V.

 Calculate Vd60/Vd0=……………..
 Calculate Vd60= Vd0*(1+cos60)/2=………….V. Is this value very close to the
measured value?............

Connection diagram:

Fig: 6.2 wiring diagram of single phase controlled rectifier

circuit

Draw the graph for firing angles of 45 and 90 degrees.

29 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph 6.1 output waveforms of controlled rectifier circuit

Review Questions:

1. What is the advantage of controlled rectifier circuit?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How we can obtain the firing pulses?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What will be the output of rectifier if its firing angle is 180 degree?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.07
Analysis of the three phase controlled rectifier
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the waveform of three phase full wave controlled

rectifier circuit.
 To measure output voltage of three phase full wave
controlled rectifier circuit with various triggering angles

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

30 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

The circuit construction of three phase controlled rectifier is similar to that of three phase
full-wave diode rectifier. The only difference is that the six power diodes are replaced by
power thyristors. By varying the firing angles of thyristors, the average output voltage of a
three phase rectifier can be changed. Compared with single phase rectifiers, three phase
rectifiers provide smoother DC voltage with small ripples and deliver higher power to the
load. Three phase full wave rectifier circuit is shown below in circuit diagram.

Circuit diagram:

Fig: 7.1 three phase full wave controlled rectifier circuit

Procedure:

 Complete the connections by referring to the wiring diagram in

Figure 6.1(a) and 6.1 (b).
 This rectifier operates from three-phase four-wire 220V (phase
voltage =127V) and the load circuit is a 100 ohm resistor. On
Reference variable generator module, set the Vc range selector
switch to 0 +10V, and set the V control knob to 0%. On 3∅
phase angle controller module, select Pulse Train output, set α
max=30 and αmax=180. Therefore the triggering angle can be
varied between 30 and 180 by turning the V control knob of
Reference Variable Generator.
 Set the V Range selector (SWA,SWC) switches of differential
amplifiers Ch.A and Ch. C to 500V. Turn the V control knob of
Reference Variable Generator to make α=60. Using DSO, measure
the phase voltage VA (CH1) and load voltage (CH2) waveforms of
the three-phase full-wave full-Controlled rectifier. Does the ripple

31 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

frequency equal 6 times the frequency of input ac

source?...................
 Turn the V control knob of Reference Variable Generator to make α
=90. Using DSO, measure the phase voltage VA (CH1) and load
voltage (CH2) waveforms of three-phase full-wave full-controlled
rectifier. Does the average output voltage decrease?.........................
Note: With purely resistive load, the output current and output
voltage are the same waveform.

Connection diagram:

Fig: 7.1(a) wiring diagram of three phase full wave controlled

rectifier circuit

32 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 7.1(b) wiring diagram of three phase full wave controlled

rectifier circuit

Draw the graph:

Graph: 7.1 input and output waveforms of three phase full wave
controlled rectifier

Review Questions:

1. What will be the effect on output voltage if load is inductive?

33 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between half wave and full wave controlled rectifier circuits?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Write some applications of full wave controlled rectifier circuits.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.08

34 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Output characteristics of single phase AC voltage

controller
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To obtain variable AC output from single phase AC voltage

controller.
 To analyze the waveforms of single phase AC voltage
controller.

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

AC voltage controllers (ac line voltage controllers) are employed to vary the RMS value
of the alternating voltage applied to a load circuit by introducing thyristors between the load
and a constant voltage ac source. The RMS value of alternating voltage applied to a load
circuit is controlled by controlling the triggering angle of the thyristors in the ac voltage
controller circuits.

In phase control the thyristors are used as switches to connect the load circuit to the input ac
supply, for a part of every input cycle. That is the ac supply voltage is chopped using
thyristors during a part of each input cycle.

The thyristor switch is turned on for a part of every half cycle, so that input supply voltage
appears across the load and then turned off during the remaining part of input half cycle to
disconnect the ac supply from the load.

By controlling the phase angle or the trigger angle ‘α’ (delay angle), the output RMS voltage
across the load can be controlled. The trigger delay angle ‘α’ is defined as the phase angle
(the value of ωt) at which the thyristor turns on and the load current begins to flow.

35 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Circuit diagram:

Fig: 8.1 circuit diagram of voltage controller

Procedure:

 Complete the connections of Figure 7.1.

 This ac voltage controller operates from a single-phase 220V and
the load circuit is a 200 ohm resistor. On Reference Variable
Generator module, set the Vc Range selector switch to 0∼+10V
position, and set the V control knob to its 0% position. On 3phase
angle controller module, select single Pulse output (down position),
set αmin =0 and αmax =180. The triggering angle can be varied
from 0 to 180 by turning the V control knob of Reference Variable
Generator.
 Turn the V control knob of Reference variable Generator to read
triggering angle α=60 from the 7-segment display on 3phase angle
controller module. Set the V Range selector switches of Differential
Amplifiers Ch.A and Ch.C to 500V. Use DSO to measure the ac input
voltage (CH1) and the load voltage (CH2) waveforms of ac voltage
controller. Practice a variety of triggering angles α and observe the
changes in load voltage waveform.
 Remain the settings of RMS Meter in Step 4 unchanged. Set each of
SCR triggering angles α indicated in Table 7.1, measure and record
the corresponding rms output voltage of the ac voltage controller.

Observation table:

α (degree) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Vα (rms)
Vα (rms)/Vi (rms)
1 0

36 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Table: 8.1 measured output voltage at various triggering

angles

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 8.2 wiring diagram of voltage controller circuit

Draw the graph:

37 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph: 8.1 input and output waveforms of single phase full controlled AC
voltage controller

Review Questions:

1. What is effect on output frequency In AC voltage controllers?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. on what principle AC voltage controllers work?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. In which fashion SCRs are connected in AC voltage controllers?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

38 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.09

Output characteristics of three phase AC voltage
controller
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To obtain variable output AC voltage from three phase

voltage controller circuit.
 To analyze the waveforms of three phase voltage controller
circuit

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

The circuit of a three-phase, three-wire AC regulator (termed as ac to ac

voltage converter) is shown in figure 8.1. It may be noted that the
resistance connected in all three phases are equal. Two thyristors
connected back to back are used per phase, thus needing a total of six
thyristors. The thyristors are fired in sequence starting from 1 in
ascending order, with the angle between the triggering of thyristors 1 & 2
being 60° (one-sixth of the time period (T ) of a complete cycle). The line
frequency is 50 Hz, with T =20 ms. The thyristors are fired or triggered
after a delay of α from the natural commutation point. Note that the
output voltage is similar to phase-controlled waveform for a converter,
with the difference that it is an ac waveform in this case. The current flow
is bidirectional, with the current in one direction in the positive half, and

39 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

then, in other (opposite) direction in the negative half. So, two thyristors
connected back to back are needed in each phase. The turning off of a
thyristor occurs, if its current falls to zero. To turn the thyristor on, the
anode voltage must be higher that the cathode voltage, and also, a
triggering signal must be applied at its gate.

Fig: 9.1 three phase AC voltage controller

Procedure:

 Complete the connections by referring to the wiring diagram in Figure 8.2.

 The ac voltage controller operates from three-phase four-wire 110V (phase voltage =
64V), and the load circuit is the Y-connected resistive load. On Reference Variable
Generator module, set the Vc Range selector switch to 0∼+10V position, and set the
V control knob to its 0% position.On 3phase Angle Controller module, select pulse
Train output, set αmin =0 and αmax=180 so that the triggering angle can be varied
between 0 and 180 by turning the V control knob of Reference Variable Generator.
 Set the V Range selector (SWA, SWC) switches of Differential Amplifier Ch.A and
Ch.C to 500V. Turn the V control knob of Reference Variable Generator to make the
triggering angle α=60. Using DSO, measure the input voltage VA ( CH1) and load
voltage VU ( CH2) waveforms of the three-phase full-wave full-connected ac voltage
controller as shown in Figure 8.2.
 Turn the V control knob of Reference Variable Generator to make the triggering angle
α=0, 45, 90, 120 and write in the observation table.

Connection Diagram:

40 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 9.2 wiring diagram of three phase full controlled AC voltage

controller

Observation table:

Triggering 0 45 90 120
angle
Vin
Vout

Table: 9.1 input and output voltages of three phase voltage

controller

Draw the graph:

41 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph: 9.1 input and output waveforms of three phase voltage

controller

Review Questions:

1. Write some applications of voltage controller.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How resistive load is connected across the three terminals of

voltage controller?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What will be the effect on output frequency when triggering angle of

voltage controller is decreased?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

42 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.10

Characteristics of Single quadrant DC chopper

Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Object:

 To become familiar with working of the single quadrant

DC choppers.
 To analyze the waveforms of single quadrant DC
choppers.

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

A single quadrant chopper whose operation is restricted in first quadrant

of Vo – Io plane. As shown in circuit diagram below. When CH is ON both
Vo and Io follows the direction as marked in the figures. So, both are taken
as positive hence load power is positive which means power is delivered
from source to load When CH is OFF current freewheels through diode.
Hence Vo is zero and Io is positive. In single quadrant chopper it is seen
that average value of Vo and Io is always positive. This is also called step
down chopper as average value of Vo is less than the input voltage. This
type of chopper is suitable for motoring operation.

Circuit diagram:

43 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 10.1 single quadrant DC chopper

Procedure:

 Turn on the DC power supply module. On reference variable generator, set Vc range
selector (SW1) switch to 0 +10V, turn V control knob to set Vc=1V
approximately.
 On DC PWM Generator, set Amplitude Selector(SW2) switch of triangular wave to
0 +10V and set F(KHz) Frequency selector(SW1) switch to ×1 (1KHz).
 On differential amplifier module, place V Range Selectors (SWA, SWC) in 100V
position and set Ch Selectors to A and C. Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to S1 (+ to S1,
-to 0V) and connect Ch.C DIF inputs to T1 (+ to T1, -to DC-). Place the trigger
selector (SW1) switch of IGBT Drive set in T1 ONLY position.
 Turn on the IGBT Drive Set module. Using DSO, measure and record the PWM
signal S1 and the gating signal of IGBT T1 in the graph.
 Connect Ch.A and Ch.C DIF inputs as shown in the wiring diagram of Figure 9.2.
 On differential amplifier, set V Range selector (SWA) switch of Ch.A DIF to 500V,
set V Range selector (SWC) switch of Ch.C DIF to 100V, and place Ch Selector
switches(SW1, SW2) to A and C. On current Transducer, set I range selector to 5Ap.
 Turn on all power. Slowly adjust the V Control knob of Reference Variable
Generator to set Vc=2V approximately. Using DSO, measure and record the load
voltage VL and load current ILin the graph. Calculate the duty cycle of IGBT
T1=……………. (0.15 approximately).
 Using RMS Meter (not shown in wiring diagram), measure and record the dc supply
voltage Vs=………………V (160V approximately), and the average load voltage
VL =……………V (60V approximately)
 Slowly adjust the V control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc =5V using
DSO, measure and record the load voltage VL and load current IL in the graph.
Calculate the duty cycle of IGBT T1 =………………..(0.44 approximately).

44 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Slowly adjust the V control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc= 7.5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the load voltage VL and load current IL in the
graph. Calculate the duty cycle of IGBT T1 =……………… (0.66 approximately).
 Set F (KHz) frequency selector (SW1) switch of DC PWM Generator to ×10 (10
KHz). Using DSO, measure and record the load voltage VL and load current IL with
Vc=7.5V and draw the graph.
 Set F(KHz) Frequency selector (SW1) switch of DC PWM Generator to ×15
(15KHz). Using DSO, measure and record the load voltage VL and load current IL
with Vc=7.5V and draw the graph.

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 10.2 wiring diagram of DC chopper circuit

45 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Draw the graph:

Graph: 10.1 output waveforms of single quadrant DC

chopper

Review Questions:

1. How a single quadrant DC chopper works?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Write some applications of DC choppers.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Define the term duty cycle.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:

46 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.11

DC motor control using single quadrant dc chopper
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To become familiar with DC motor control using single quadrant dc

chopper

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

47 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Permanent magnet DC motor

Discussion:

One of the popular methods of speed control of DC motor is using chopper. As we know that
Chopper is a device that gives variable DC output from applied fixed DC input. It simply
chops fixed DC and generates variable DC. Let us first understand how it generates variable
DC.

The chopper supplies fixed DC voltage to motor. When chopper is ON motor gets supply but
when chopper is off motor does not get the supply. So as shown in circuit diagram below .let
we say chopper is on for Ton time and it is off for T off time. So depending upon the Ton and
T off time the DC voltage applied to motor is

Vdc = [Ton / (Ton + Toff)] × Vfixed

But       Ton + Toff = Ttotal

So         Vdc = [Ton / Ttotal] × Vfixed

Here Ton / Ttotal is called duty cycle. So as duty cycle is more the average DC voltage supplied
to motor is more and so speed of motor is increased. So as duty cycle is varied by varying on
and off time of chopper, the speed of motor can be varied.

Circuit Diagram:

48 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 11.1 DC motor control circuit using DC chopper circuit

Procedure:

 With power off, complete the connections as shown in connection

diagram in figure 10.2.
 Connect 220V AC power to DC power supply, differential Amplifier,
RMS Meter and IGBT drive set modules by plugging in grounded 3-
prong outlets.
 Turn on DC power supply module. On reference variable generator,
Switch range selector (SW1) switch to 0=+10V, turn V Control knob
to set V approximately.
 On DC PWM generator, set Amplitude Selector (SW2) switch of
triangular to 0=+10V and set F (KHz) frequency selector (SW1)
switch to *1 (1KHz).
 On differential amplifier module, place V range Selector (SWA,SWC)
in position and set Ch selector to A and C. Connect Ch.A DIF inputs
to T1 (+ to T1, - to DC) place T1 Selector (SW1) switch of IGBT drive
set in T1 ONLY position.
 On differential amplifier, Set V range selector (SWA) of Ch.A DIF to
500V,set V range Selector (SWC) switch of Ch.C DIF to 100V, and
place Ch selector switches (SW1,SW2) to A and C on current
transducer. Set I range Selector to 5 amps.
 Turn off all power. Replace the RL load by the DC Permanent Magnet
Machine wiring diagram shown in Figure 10.2.
 Mechanically couple the DC Permanent Brake Magnet Machine to
the Magnetic Powder Unit using a Coupling. Securely lock the
Machine Bases together using delta screws. Install the Coupling
Guard and the Shaft End Guard. Electrically connect the Brake
Controller to the Magnetic Powder Brake Unit using the supplied
cable. Connect the thermal switch T> of DC Permanent Magnet
Machine to that of Magnetic Powder Brake Unit. See EM-3320
Operation Manual for the use of Brake Controller and Magnetic
Powder Brake Unit.
 Turn on all power. Set F (KHz) frequency selector (SW1) switch of DC PWM
Generator to ×1 (1 KHz). Slowly adjust the V control knob of reference variable
generator to set VC=2V. Using DSO, measure and record the armature voltage Va
and armature current Ia in graph. Observe and record the direction of rotation of the
motor =………………… (CW or CCW) and the motor speed N=…………..rpm (526
rpm approximately).
 Slowly adjust the V control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc=5V. Using
DSO, measure and record the armature voltage Va and armature current Ia and write

49 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

in graph. Observe and record the direction of rotation of the motor =……………(CW
or CCW) and the motor speed N=…………rpm(1758 rpm approximately).
 Set F(KHz) Frequency Selector (SW1) switch of DC PWM Generator to ×
10(10KHz). Using DSO, measure and record the armature voltage Va and armature
current Ia and write in graph. Observe and record the direction of rotation of motor
=…………………(CW or CCW) and the motor speed N=……………… rpm(1126
rpm approximately).
 Set F(KHz) Frequency Selector (SW1) switch of DC PWM Generator to ×1 (KHz).
Slowly adjust the V Control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc=9.5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the armature voltage Va and armature current Ia in
graph. Observe and record the direction of rotation of motor =…………….. (CW or
CCW) and the motor speed N=…………….. rpm (2470 rpm approximately).
 Set F(KHz) Frequency Selector (SW1) switch of DC PWM Generator to×1 (1KHz).
Slowly adjust the V Control knob of reference variable Generator to set Vc=5V. At
this time, the motor rotates at a speed of 1758 rpm approximately.

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 11.2 wiring diagram of DC motor control using DC

chopper circuit

50 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Draw the graph:

Graph: 11.1 measured voltages and currents for various frequencies and
control Voltages
51 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Review Questions:

1. How we can control the speed of DC motor using DC chopper

circuit?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the effect of frequency on speed of DC motor?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How we can change the direction of DC motor?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

52 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.12

Characteristics of Electronic Ballast
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To become familiar with working of an Electronic Ballast

circuit
 To calculate the power factor and switching frequency of
Electronic ballast

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

Electronic ballast is a device that converts power frequency to very high frequency to
initialize gas discharge process in Fluorescent Lamp by controlling voltage across the lamp
and current through the lamp.

Electronic ballast takes supply at 50 – 60 Hz. It first converts AC voltage into DC voltage.

After that, filtration of this DC voltage is done by using capacitor configuration. Now filtered
DC voltage is fed to the high frequency oscillation stage where oscillation is typically square
wave and frequency range is from 20 kHz to 80 kHz. Hence output current is with very high
frequency. A small amount of inductance is provided to be associated with high rate of

change of current on high frequency to generate high valued . Generally more than 400
V is required to strike the gas discharge process in fluorescent tube light. When switch is ON,

initial voltage across the lamp becomes 1000 V around due to high valued , hence gas
discharge takes place instantaneously. Once the discharge process is started, the voltage
across lamp is decreased below 230V up to 125V and then this electronic ballast allows
limited current to flow through this lamp. This control of voltage and current is done by

53 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

control unit of the electronic ballast. In running condition of fluorescent lamp electronic
ballast acts as a dimmer to limit current and voltage.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig: 12.1 circuit diagram of electronic ballast

Procedure:

 With all power off, complete the connections shown in figure 11.2. Connect
fluorescent lamp tube to the Electronic Ballast Fluorescent lamp module. Connect
220V AC power to RMS Meter and differential amplifier modules by plugging in
grounded 3-prong outlets.
 On RMS Meter, set RMS/AV Selector (SW1) switch to RMS, AC/AC+DC Selector
(SW2) switch to AC, and set V/I Range Selector (SW3) to 300V.
 Turn on all power, at the instant, fluorescent lamp should be turned on. Measure and
record the input voltage V =……………….V (220V approximately) and input current
I =………….A (0.135A approximately).
 On power Meter, set V Range Selector (SW1) to 300V and I Range Selector (SW2) to
0.3A. Measure and record the input power =………….W (18W approximately).
Calculate the power factor using cosθ =P/VI =…………… (0.61 approximately).

54 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 On differential amplifier module, set V Range Selector (SWA) of Ch.A DIF to 100V
and place Ch Selector (SW1) switch in A position, set V Range selector (SWC) of Ch.
C DIF to 10V and place Ch selector (SW2) switch in C position. Using DSO, measure
and record the voltage waveforms of VC3 and VC4.
 Turn off the Electronic Ballast Fluorescent lamp module. Reconnect the inputs of
Differential Amplifier Ch.A and Ch.C as shown in Figure 11.3.
 Turn on the Electronic Ballast Fluorescent Lamp module. Using DSO, measure and
record the electrode voltage (VE) and the voltage across R1 (VR1).
 Turn off the Electronic Ballast Fluorescent Lamp module. Reconnect the inputs of
Differential Amplifier Ch.A and Ch.C as shown in Figure 11.4. Set V Range Selector
switch of Ch.A DIF and Ch.C DIF to 100V.
 Turn on the Electronic Ballast Fluorescent Lamp module. Using DSO, measure and
record the voltage waveforms of VD2 and VD7. The VD2 and VD7 are equivalent to
VCE1 and VCE2, respectively.
 From the recorded waveforms, calculate the switching frequency of the ballast
f =…………KHz. (10 KHz approximately).

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 12.2 wiring diagram of electronic ballast

55 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 12.3 wiring diagram for measuring electrode voltage and

current

Fig: 12.4 wiring diagram for measuring VCE of switching

transistors

Draw the graph:

56 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph: 12.1 voltage waveforms of electronic ballast

Review Questions:

1. What is the advantage of Electronic Ballast?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. How Electronic ballast circuit works?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the function of filters in Electronic circuit?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue
Lab Experiment No.13
Output characteristics of Single phase inverter

Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the Single phase inverter circuit

 To measure the output voltage of single phase inverter

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

57 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Discussion:

A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that

changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage,
output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the
design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce
any power; the power is provided by the DC source. A power inverter can
be entirely electronic or may be a combination of mechanical effects (such
as a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry. Static inverters do not use
moving parts in the conversion process.

Circuit diagram:

Fig: 13.1 single phase inverter circuit

Procedure:

 With power off, complete the connections shown in Figure 12.2.

Connect 220V AC power to DC Power Supply, Current Transducer,
IGBT Drive Set, and Differential Amplifier modules by plugging in the
grounded 3-prong outlets.
 Turn on the DC power supply On Reference variable generator. Set
VC range selector (SW1) switch to 0=+10V and turn V control knob
to set VC=5V approximately.
 On single phase PWM generator, set PWM/CLK selector (SW2) switch
to CLK (Clock)and set the F(KHz) frequency Selector (SW1) switch of
triangular wave to *1 (1KHz).
 Adjust the SEC/DIV knob of DSO to view the gating signals T1 and
T2. Measure and record dead time=____________micro seconds
(About 3 micro seconds).

58 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Connect Ch.B DIF inputs to T1 (+to T1,to DC) and connect Ch.D DIF
inputs to T4(+ to T4, to DC). Using DSO, measure and record the
gating signals to IGBTs T3 and T4.
 Repeat step 5
 Connect Ch.B DIF inputs to T1 (+to T1,to DC) and connect Ch.D DIF
inputs to T4(+ to T4, to DC). Using DSO, measure and record the
gating signals to IGBTs T1 and T4.
 Connect Ch.B DIF inputs to T2 (+ to T2, - to DC-) and connect Ch.D
DIF inputs to T3 (+ to T3, - to DC-). Using DSO, measure and record
the gating signals of IGBTs T2 and T3.
 On Reference Variable Generator, set Vc Range Selector(SW1)
switch to 0—+10V and set V Control knob to 100% (Vc=10V
approximately). On Single Phase PWM Generator, set PWM/CLK
Selector (SW2) switch to PWM.
 Connect ChB DIF inputs to Ti (+ to T1, - to DC-, and connect Ch.D
DIF inputs to T2 (+ to T2, - to DC-). Using DSCI measure and record
the gating signals of 1GBTs TI and T2,
 Connect Ch.B D1F inputs to Ti (+ to Ti , to DC-) and connect Ch.D
DIF inputs to T4 (+ to T4. - to DC-). Using DSO, measure and record
the gating signals of IGBTs Ti and T4

59 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 13.2 wiring diagram of single phase inverter circuit

Draw the graph:

Graph: 13.1 characteristics of single phase inverter circuit

Review Questions:

1. What does an inverter do?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Does inverter itself produce power?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

60 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

3. Enlist some applications of inverters?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Reference: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.14

Output characteristics of three phase inverter
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To analyze the three phase inverter circuit

 To measure the output voltage of three phase inverter circuit

61 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

A three-phase inverter converts a DC input into a three-phase AC output. Its three arms are
normally delayed by an angle of 120° so as to generate a three-phase AC supply. The inverter
switches each has a ratio of 50% and switching occurs after every T/6 of the time T (60°
angle interval). The switches S1 and S4, the switches S2 and S5 and switches S3 and S6
complement each other.

The figure below shows a circuit for a three phase inverter. It is nothing but three single
phase inverters put across the same DC source. The pole voltages in a three phase inverter are
equal to the pole voltages in single phase half bridge inverter.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig: 14.1 three phase inverter circuit

Procedure:

 With power off, complete the connections shown in figure 13.2. The load circuit is a
delta-connected resistive load. Connect 220V AC power to DC power supply,
differential Amplifier, Current Transducer and Universal Inverter modules by
plugging in the grounded 3-prong outlets.
 On Three Phase PWM Controller, set DELAY Control knob(VR1) to SLOW and set
F(KHz) Frequency selector (SW1) switch of triangular wave to ×5 (5KHz). Turn on
the DC power supply. On reference variable generator, set VC Range selector (SW1)
switch to -10V +10V and turn the V control knob to set Vc=5V
approximately.

62 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 On differential amplifier, place V range selector (SWA, SWC) of Ch.A DIF and
Ch.C DIF in 100V position and set Ch Selectors(SW1, SW2) to A and C. Connect
Ch.A DIF inputs to the gate of IGBT U+ (+to U+, -to DC-) of universal inverter and
connect Ch.C DIF inputs to the gate of IGBT U- (+to U-, -to DC-).
 Turn on the universal inverter module. Using DSO, measure and record the gate
signals U+ and U-. Calculate and record the gating voltage =……………V. (15V
approximately)
 Adjust the SEC/DIV knob of DSO to view the gating signals U+ and U- . Calculate
and record the dead-time between the two gating signals =……………μs. (3μs
approximately)
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the gate of IGBT V+ ( +to V +, -to DC-) of universal
inverter and connect Ch.C DIF inputs to the gate of IGBT V- (+ to V-, -to DC-).
Using DSO, measure and record the gating signals V+ and V-.
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the gate of IGBT W+ (+to W+, -to DC-). Using DSO,
measure and record the gating signals W+ and W-.
 On differential Amplifier, place V Range Selectors ( SWA, SWC) of Ch.A DIF and
Ch.C DIF in 500V and 100V positions, respectively. Set Ch Selectors(SW1, SW2) to
A and C. On current Transducer, set I Range Selectors to 5Ap.
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals U and V (+to U, -to V) of
Universal Inverter for measuring the line voltage Vuv. Connect Ch.C DIF inputs to
the output terminals (+ to the upper Vout, -to 0V) of current transducer for measuring
the line current Iu.
 Turn on all power. Using DSO, measure and record the line voltage Vuv and the line
current Iu.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc = -5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltage Vuv and the line current Iu.
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals V and W (+ to V-, -to W) of
universal inverter for measuring the line voltage Vvw.Connect Ch.C DIF inputs to
the output terminals ( + to the lower Vout, -to 0V) of current Transducer for
measuring the line current Iv.
 Slowly turn the V control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc =5V. Using
DSO, measure and record the line voltage Vvw and the line current Iv.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of reference variable Generator to set Vc = -5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltage VVW and the line current IV.
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals U and W (+ to U, -to W) of
universal inverter for measuring the line voltage VUW. Connect Ch. C DIF inputs to
the output terminals (+ to the upper Vout, -to 0V) of Current Transducer for
measuring the line current IU.
 Slowly turn the V control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc=5V. using
DSO measure and record the line voltage Vuw and the line current Iu.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = -5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltage VUW and the line current IU.

63 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals W and U (+ to W, - to U) of

Universal Inverter for measuring the line voyage VWU. Connect Ch.C DIF inputs to
the output terminals (+ to the upper Vout, - to OV) of Current Transducer for
measuring the line current IU.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = 5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltage Vwu and the line current lu.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = -5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltage Vwu and the line current lu.
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals U and V (+ to U, - to V) of
Universal Inverter for measuring the line voltage Vuv. Connect Ch.0 DIF inputs to
the output terminals U and W (+ to U, - to W) of Universal Inverter for measuring the
line voltage Vuw.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = 5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltages Vuv and Vuw.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = -5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltages Vuv and Vuw.
 Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals U and V (+ to U, - to V) of
Universal Inverter for measuring the line voltage Vuv. Connect Ch.0 DIF inputs to
the output terminals V and W (+ to V, - to W) of Universal Inverter for measuring the
line voltage Vvw.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = 5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line voltages Vuv and Vvw.
 Slowly turn the V control knob of reference variable generator to set Vc=-5V using
DSO measure and record the line voltages Vuv and Vvw.
 On Differential Amplifier module, place V Range Selector switches of Ch.A and
Ch.C in 100V position. Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to the output terminals (+ to the
upper Vout, - to OV) of Current Transducer for measuring the line current lu Connect
Ch.C DIF inputs to the output terminals (+ to the lower Vout, - to OV) Current
Transducer for measuring the line current Iv.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = 5V.
Using DSO. measure and record the line currents lu and lv.
 Slowly turn the V Control knob of Reference Variable Generator to set Vc = -5V.
Using DSO, measure and record the line currents lu and lv.

64 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Draw the graph:

65 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph: 14.1 characteristics of three phase inverter circuit

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 14.2 three phase inverter circuit wiring diagram

Review Questions:

1. What does an inverter do?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Does inverter itself produce power?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Enlist some applications of inverters?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:

66 Power
Electronics
 Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References: P.E 5000 module catalogue

Lab Experiment No.15

Buck Boost switching power supply
Name:_________________________________________ Roll No:______________________________

Score:____________ Signature of Lab Engr:_____________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

 To learn operation of Buck Boost power supply circuit

 To measure voltage waveforms of switching devices in a buck boost switching
regulator circuit

Equipments:

 P.E 5000 Module

 Oscilloscope
 Connecting cables

Discussion:

A Buck-Boost converter is a type of switched mode power supply that combines the
principles of the Buck Converter and the Boost converter in a single circuit. Like other SMPS
designs, it provides a regulated DC output voltage from either an AC or a DC input. The
Buck converter produces a DC output in a range from 0V to just less than the input voltage.
The boost converter will produce an output voltage ranging from the same voltage as the
input, to a level much higher than the input. There are many applications however, such as
battery-powered systems, where the input voltage can vary widely, starting at full charge and
gradually decreasing as the battery charge is used up. At full charge, where the battery
voltage may be higher than actually needed by the circuit being powered, a buck regulator
would be ideal to keep the supply voltage steady. However as the charge diminishes the input
voltage falls below the level required by the circuit, and either the battery must be discarded
or re-charged.

Circuit Diagram:

67 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Fig: 15.1 buck boost switching power supply

Procedure:

 With all power off, complete the connections shown in figure 14.2. On resistor load
module, place ON/OFF switches to OFF and turn ohm control knobs fully CCW.
Connect 220V AC power to DC power supply, differential amplifier and RMS meter
modules by plugging into grounded 3 prong outlets. Turn off the DC power supply.
Turn on the RMS Meter
 On the DC power supply module, set V control knob to 0 positions. Turn on DC
power supply and adjust V control knob to set dc output voltage to -20V (read from
voltmeter). On RMS Meter, set RMS/AV Selector (SW1) switch to RMS,
AC/AC+DC Selector (SW2) switch to AC+DC, and set V/I Range Selector (SW3)
switch to 100V. Turn on the RMS Meter.
 On the buck-boost switching power supply module, set Vadj control knob to min,
measure and record the minimum output voltage =…………..V (-5.4V
approximately). Set Vadj control knob to max, measure and record the maximum
output voltage =…………. V(-32V approximately).
 Turn Vadj control knob to set the regulator output voltage Vout- = -25V.
 On differential amplifier, set V Range selectors(SWA,SWC) of Ch.A and Ch.C to
100V and place Ch selectors(SW1, SW2) in A and C. Connect Ch.A DIF inputs to G
and S terminals ( + to G, - to S) and connect Ch.C DIF inputs to D and S terminals of
Q1 ( +to D, -to S). Using DSO, measure and record VGS and VDS of Q1 as shown in
figure 6-3-6.
 On differential amplifier, set V Range selectors(SWA, SWC) of Ch.A and Ch.C to
100V and place Ch selectors(SW1, SW2) in A and C. Connect Ch.A DIF inputs
across the inductor L1 (+ to upper terminal, - to lower terminal) and connect Ch.C
DIF inputs to D and S terminals of Q1 (+ to D, - to S). Using DSO, measure and
record VL1 and VDS of Q1.
 On resistor load module, turn the ohm control knobs fully CCW. Set ON/OFF
switches to ON. Set V/I Range Selector (SW3) switch of RMS Meter to 3A. Carefully
turn ohm control knobs to set the load current to 1.9A approximately.
Note: Do not set the 50 ohm and 100 ohm load resistors less than 12.5 ohm and 25 ohm,
respectively.
 Repeat Step 6, measure and record VGS and VDS of Q1.
 Repeat step 7, measure and record VL1 and VDS of Q1.
 On resistor load module, set ON/OFF switches to OFF. Turn Vadj control knob to set
output voltage Vout- = -15V (buck operation).
 Repeat step 6, measure and record VGS and VDS of Q1.
 Repeat step 7, measure and record VL1 and VDS of Q1.
 On resistor load module, turn the ohm control knobs fully CCW. Set ON/OFF
switches to ON. Carefully adjust ohm control knobs to make the load current reach

68 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

1.9A (set V/I Range Selector (SW3) switch of RMS Meter to 3A). Note: do not set the
50 ohm and 100 ohm load resistors less than 7.5 ohm and 15 ohm, respectively.
 Repeat Step 6, measure and record VGS and VDS of Q1.
 Repeat step 7, measure and record VL1 and VDS of Q1.

Connection Diagram:

Fig: 15.2 wiring diagram of buck boost switching power supply

Draw the graph:

69 Power
Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering MUET SZAB Campus Khairpur Mirs

Graph: characteristics of buck boost switching power supply

Review Questions:

1. How a buck boost power supply works?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the advantages of buck boost power supply?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Enlist some applications of buck boost power supply?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References: P.E 5000 module catalogue

70 Power
Electronics