Grammar Reviewer

Adverb Clause – It always begin with a subordinating conjunction.

Adjective Clause – It always begin with a relative pronoun.
Inverted word order – It is found in both prose and poetry.
Normal word order – It is used in journalistic text and information is arranged.
Modals – It is used to indicate ability, advice, possibility, permission and obligation.
Inverted word order – It is a sentence which verb comes first before the subject.
Adjective Clause – It is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun/pronoun.
Adverb Clause – It is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, and an adverb.
Homograph – It is a word that spelled the same but have different meaning.
Homonyms – It is a word that sound the same when pronounced, but have different meaning.

Capitalization
Rule #1: Capitalize the first word in a sentence.
- Would you like to leave a message?
Rule #2: Capitalize the first word of every line of conventional poetry
- One impulse from a vernal wood
May teach you more of a man
Of moral evil and of good,
Than all the sages can.
Rule #3: Capitalize the first word of a quotation if it is a complete sentence
- Jorge said, “The game is over.”
Rule #4: Capitalize the pronoun I and interjection O
- O Lord, what did I do to deserve this?
Rule #5: Capitalize all proper nouns
- Moriones Festival
Rule #6: Capitalize all proper adjectives
- Italian pizza
Rule #7: Capitalize titles of persons
- Rev. Fr. Oscar Orbos, SVD
Rule #8: Capitalize important words in titles
- Joyful Moments with God
Rule #9: Capitalize compass directions
- South Korea

Gerund Phrases
• Gerund plus the object or modifiers
• Will begin w/a gerund and will include other modifiers or objects.

Subject of the Sentences

• Playing video games interests some children more than engaging in sports and outdoor games.
• Understanding the concept is very important.
Object of a Verb
• They enjoyed playing all kinds of video games.
• Paulo likes trekking with his close friends.
Object of the Preposition
• They enjoy playing all kinds of games except strolling in the park.
• Ray is interested in painting landscapes.
Complement of the Linking Verb
• One of the most common causes of gain weight is eating junk food.
• Mendel’s pastime was taking photos.

Gerund Phrase = functions as a noun

• Her future depends on working vigorously toward a realistic goal.
Present Participle Phrase = functions as a modifier not a verb; describes another word.
• Working vigorously, Andrea tried to set a more realistic life.
Infinitive
• Is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence.
• It is formed with to + base form of the verb.

Infinitives can be used as:

Subject of the sentence
• To travel around the world requires a lot of time and money.
Object of the verb
• Pope Francis wants us to uphold peace.
Complement of the verb be
• Pope Francis’ dream is to have peace all over the world.
Object of the preposition
• Alden has no choice except to concede.
Appositive
• His dream, to finish his course, makes him stronger.

Punctuation Marks
Period (.) - use a period at the end of a declarative sentence and imperative sentence; abbreviations
- I am telling the truth.

Question Mark (?) – end of a direct question

- Do you prefer milk or tea?

Exclamation Point (!) – show strong feelings and a forceful command

- What a great movie that was!
Colon (:) – introduce a list; generally used after these, namely, the following or as follows
- The things to bring are as follows: pencil, book and paper.

Semi-colon (;) – separate main clause that aren't joined by a comma and coordinating conj. (FANBOYS)

Comma (,) – separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses

Apostrophe – possessive nouns

Hyphen – enclose a direct object

Dash – writing out numbers

Parts of a Letter
Quotation Marks – indicate a summary statement Semi-full Block Style

Active Voice – subject that acts upon its verb Heading______

____________
Passive Voice – subject is a recipient of a verb’s action. Salutation, _

_____________________________
__________________________
__________________________

Active Passive Closing remarks,

Monkeys adore bananas. Bananas are adored by Signature
monkeys.
The floodwaters damaged The house was damaged
the house. by floodwaters.
The dog chased the The squirrels was chased
squirrels. by the dog.