Project Kaagapay: Mitigation of Low Academic Achievement

on Grade 12 Arts and Design, Sports through

Hand Outs and Peer Motivation Program

Submitted to the faculty of

Oriental Mindoro National High School
San Vicente East, Calapan City

In partial fulfillment for the subject

Inquiries, Investigation & Immersion

Romblon, Joshua Dave L.

2020
 CHAPTER I

Statement of the Problem

Introduction

The global problem on low academic achievement of students have been

increasing for the past couple of years. It is faced by students as well as teachers. The

students' low academic achievement on tests and exams can be defined as: low or

weakness of the students mark under the normal average in a subject level as a results

of a variety of reasons Al-Zoubi (2015). Besides differences in ability, which are not easy

to control, students have specific learning styles that may influence their achievement in

academics. Sternberg (2009) proposed that teaching styles, to some extent, be

modified.

In the country, school related factors are sought to have reflections towards

their students' academic achievements. Some schools have limited text books, reading

materials and no proper laboratories for their science and other related classes. The

school head and teachers expressed several problems related to funding from local

government. Less funds provided to them for their instructional materials, facilities and

equipment. Likewise, teachers can rarely participate in trainings and seminars because

of limited funds and the distance of their school to the city. The government don't have

economic development in the rural areas, to attain better education for the children and

training of teachers. Good teachers are constantly on the alert for methods and

instructional materials that will make learning meaningful. With the wise selection and

use of a variety of instructional materials or audio-visual materials, experiences may be

provided to develop understanding. If teachers do not know how to catch the attention of

a child, the more the pupil cannot make himself attentive to their subjects.
 Locally, nutritional problems are viewed as one of the reasons that affects

school children in rural areas, there is a need for the government and private institutions

to provide feeding program with nutritious food and educate the parents on the

importance of providing good nutrition to their children. Improving the academic status of

the school children does caused by providing good nutrition on their food intake, hence,

measures should be undertaken by the parents and the government. According to Clark

(2009), proper nutrition for our children is a construct in which the individual as an

indivisible being attains a positive state of integration of mind, body, and spirit with the

environmental contexts. Academic achievement for children occurs within the construct

of proper nutrition. Hence, parents should provide nutritional food to their children, they

also should know the value of proper nutrition. It is recommended also that teachers

should education the parents and children on the importance of proper nutrition.

As derived from last years' release of the students grading card in Oriental

Mindoro National High School (OMNHS) particularly in the Arts and Design, Sports

(ADS) Track, 58% of its students achieved below average (85%) on their final grading

card resulting in the decreased number of the students on the said track.

The purpose of the research is to lessen the number of low-achieving

students in the class through Project Kaagapay, a program that consist of an intensified

peer motivation program and lesson handouts commonly known as reviewers. With this,

students from the track are projected to seek help from their classmates, participate in

classes more and achieve higher scores on examinations escalating their overall

performance in class. In addition, this study will benefit the parents of the students who

strive to send their child to school.

(figure 1. Theoretical Framework)

Theoretical Framework

In Atkinson's Theory of Achievement Motivation, the possibility of a person to

achieve success and to possibly avoid failure is the innate factors that affects the

achievement motivation of a person. He assumed taht there are people who needs

approach in order to achieve success and prevent failures

According to Walberg's Theory of Educational Productivity, the psychological

environment of a person can influence their educational outcomes. In his model, there

are three groups of factors that affects the student’s achievement: student aptitude

variables, environmental variables and instructional variables. Student motivation and

self-concept are the factors related within student aptitude variable. Environmental

variables includes home, classroom and peer variables and lastly, quantity, time and

quality of instructions are included in instructional variables, Walberg (1981)

Dweck's Self-theories shows the reason why there are students who are

motivated to work harder and why others are not able to succeed Dweck (1999). In her

theory, she mentioned the two frameworks for understanding intelligence and

achievement: entity theory and the incremental theory. Entity theory refers to the belief of

a person that intelligence is fixed and there is nothing they can do to enhance their

intelligence. On the contrary, incremental theory represents those persons that believes

that intelligence is something that can be increased and developed through process of

learning and can be taught to some extent.

Research Paradigm

(figure 1. Paradigm of the Study)

In figure 1, the paradigm of the study was shown. The first box, input showed

the data which are needed to be investigated to find out why Grade 12 Arts & Design,

Sports students failed to get high academic achievement. While the process box reveals

the method that will be used by the researcher in conducting the study. Lastly, the output

box highlights the actions to be done in order to achieve the study's purpose.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of the study is to help in the mitigation of the low academic

achievement of the Grade 12 ADS through the conduct of this qualitative research

project. This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the reasons for the low-achieving students of Grade 12 Arts and Design,

Sports (ADS)?

2. What are the methods used by the Senior High School teachers to lessen the number

of the low achieving students of Grade 12 Arts & Design, Sports (ADS)?

3. What are the problems encountered in using the methods to lessen the number of

low-achieving students of Grade 12 Arts and Design, Sports (ADS)?

4. Based on the findings of the study, what interventions could be utilized to lessen the

low-achieving students among Grade 12 Arts and Design, Sports (ADS)?

Significance of the Study

Aside from analyzing the reasons behind the number of low achieving students of

Grade 12 Arts and Design Sports (ADS), the researcher aims to benefit the following:

•Students of Grade 12 Arts & Design Sports (ADS) will be having a huge amount of

benefit in this study because it focuses on them, helping them in their performance at

school and in having greater academic achievements.

•This study is also relevant to the teachers, through this research they will be able to

come up with new strategies and ways to approach and help minimize the number of low

achieving students in their classrooms.

•To the parents of the students, the results of the study will reflect on their childs

performance in school.

•Lastly, future researchers can also derive benefit from this study because it can be a

source of data.

Definition of Terms

Academic achievement- represents performance outcomes that indicate the extent to

which a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in

instructional environments, specifically in school, college, and university.

Peer Motivation- situations where peers support each other in learning processes.

Mitigation- the action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.

Methods- a particular form of procedure for accomplishing or approaching something,

especially a systematic or established one.

Hand outs- printed information provided free of charge, especially to accompany a

lecture or advertise something.

Low Achieving Students- students who have been identified by their teachers as needing

academic support, whether the students perform poorly on assessments or during

classroom work.
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The review of literature is the most important part in the planning an execution

of any research study. A review gives an insight into latest studies in the area. It helps in

exploring the area and developing the perspective for the research trends. This chapter

presents the relevant literature and studies that serve as basis and foundation of the

study.

Related Literature

Foreign

Krashen (2017) concluded that students whose parents are educated score

higher on standardized tests than those whose parents were not educated. Educated

parents can better communicate with their children regarding the school work, activities

and the information being taught at school. They can better assist their children in their

work and participate at school.

Learning is often enhanced when children have an opportunity to interact

with and collaborate with others on instructional tasks. In these situations, children have

opportunities for perspective taking and reflective thinking that can enhance their self-

esteem and development. Quality interpersonal relationships can provide trust and

caring that increase children’s sense of belonging, self-respect, self-acceptance, and

produce a positive learning climate Wentzel (2015).

 According to Thorndike (2014), pupils learn more effectively and easily, and

retain that learning longer, if it has pleasant consequences. Thus, rewards, successes,

or positive reinforcement further learning, while punishments, failures or negative

experiences hinder it.

Local

According to Aquino (2017) if the teacher serves as an ideal role model,

demonstrates competence, as well as confidence, in the subject he or she is teaching,

the students will respond positively. This rule applies to administrators as well. In the

contrary, the favoritism of the teacher can also affect the learning process of the

students. The way their teachers deal with them is one thing. Though teachers have

different strategy on imparting knowledge, students do not understand it easily. They will

be confused on things regarding on how and why the teacher has their favorite students

As stated by Celeste (2016), There is no doubt that modern technology has

an effect on the study habits of students today. The positive side of modern technology is

that it makes things easier for students to research for their homework and projects.

However, it is also right to mention that technologies are also a major distraction for

students.

When teachers are warm and supportive, they provide students with a

sense of connectedness with the school environment and the sense of security to

explore new ideas and take risks—both fundamental to learning. However, it is not

always easy to be warm and supportive, especially when provocative student behaviors

thwart the teacher’s efficacy to perform his or her primary instructional role and/or the
school culture promotes punitive control measures over more authoritative approaches

Solomon (2014).

Related Studies

Foreign

Breus (2016) stated that more and more research studies demonstrate

that daytime sleepiness from chronic sleep deprivation and poor quality sleep has

significant impacts on daytime behavior and academic performance, as well as

concentration, attention, and mood. It is not widely recognized and appreciated just how

pervasive and critical quality sleep is for brain development and how it directly influences

daytime functioning, performance, mood and behavior.

Children needs positive attention. Criticism, complaining and negative

comments are discouraging and often result in more misbehavior. But encouragement,

optimism and positive strokes are to kids as fertilizer is to plants. It’s the stuff that really

makes them flourish- as Rudolf Dreikers statement that “each child needs continuous

encouragement just as a plant needs water." Kuzma (2014)

Keman (2014) Socio-economic factors like attendance in the class, family

income, and mother’s and father’s education, teacher-student ratio, presence of trained

teacher in school, sex of student and distance of school are also affected the

performance of the students.

Local

According to Fabian (2017), the world is changing fast. Technology

continues to advance at lightning speed and anyone who doesn’t keep up is in danger of

being left behind. As a result, the way students study has changed significantly. While

books still remain a valuable tool, the need to spend hours and hours sitting in the library

has reduced dramatically. Students now have numerous options available to them when

it comes to learning techniques.

Academic achievement for children occurs within the construct of proper

nutrition, living condition of parents and parents support to their children, as there is

mutual influence between academic factors and non-academic factors for a child, Clark

(2016).

According to Vernez (2014), parents from rural areas that have not been

privileged to know the benefits of having good education may not be impressed to

advise their children to go to school or a child who does not know the challenges and

prospects of pursuing a degree does not give importance of attending regularly on their

classes.

Based on the literatures and studies shown, many researchers and authors

pointed out the factors that affects the academic achievements of students, some even

mentioned strategies used by people and institutions to overcome the phenomena.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology of this study, including the

research design, the locale, the respondents of the study, and instruments used in

gathering data.

Research Design

The researcher used qualitative research design. Shank (2002) definea

qualitative research as "a form of systematic empirical inquiry into meaning." Lincoln

claims that it involves an interpretative and naturalistic approach: "This means that

qualitative research study thinks in tyeir natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or

to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meaning people bring them."

The researchers used qualitative reseaech because it is primarily

concerned with gaining experience with a setting and is instricallyan explanatory

endeavor Mann (2003). Thus, it has the potential to generate new theoriesand ideas and

is therefore particularly applicable to the study.

Specifically, the study utilizes case study research design in order to

analyze the reasons in the increasing number of low-achieving students. Case study are

the preffered strategies when " why" or "how" questions are being posed, when the

investigation has a little control over events, and when the focus is on a contemporary

phenomenon within sone real life context, Yin (1984).

Research Locale

(Map)

Located at J.P Rizal Street, San Vicente East Calapan City, The The

Oriental Mindoro National High School (OMNHS) is the flagship campus and the largest

public high school in Oriental Mindoro. It was established in 1921. It offers high school

education from first year to fourth year and currently offers Senior High School as

compliance to the K-12 Program of the government. Oriental Mindoro National High

School is known for its exemplary performance in the fields of academics. It is one of the

Southern Tagalog region's leading institutions of secondary learning specializing in

mathematics, science and technology, English and Filipino subjects. It was formerly

named Oriental Mindoro High School and Jose J. Leido, Jr. Memorial National High

School and is headed by Dr. Nimrod Bantigue.

The proponents, the Grade 12 Arts & Design, Sports is a track dedicated into

shaping student's skill in the fields of arts and sports.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents will come from the students ofGrade 12 Arts & Design,

Sports. Through a survey-questionnaire, the researcher will be able to identify what

factors really affects their performance in their class.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The type of sampling used in this study was the purposeful sampling. It was

used because the participants were identified through the preselected criteria wherein

the respondents of this study are the students of Grade 12 Arts and Design, Sports in

Oriental Mindoro National High School.