21st Century Literature

Facts Sheet
Submitted by: Group 5
Angel Rose Salinasal Ivie Goles
Jenelyn Mae Sales Icel Apao

Topic: 21st CENTURY LITERARY GENRES

Major Genres:
1. Poetry - this is often considered the oldest form of literature. Before writing was invented, oral stories were commonly put into some
sort of poetic form to make them easier to remember and recite. Poetry today is usually written down but is still sometimes performed.

Poetry has 3 different kinds:

 Lyric Poetry - is a comparatively short, non-narrative poem in which a single speaker presents a state of mind or an emotional
state.

It has 4 kinds:
 Elegy - a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
Example: O Captain! My Captain!
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread, walk the deck my Captain Lies, fallen cold and dead.
 Ode - a poem in which a person expresses a strong feeling of love or respect for someone or something.
Example: Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood by William Wordsworth.
There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,
The earth, and every common sight
To me did seem Apparelled in celestial light,
The glory and the freshness of a dream. It is not now as it hath been of yore;--
Turn wheresoe'er I may,
By night or day,
The things which I have seen I now can see no more.
 Sonnet - a fourteen-line poem written in iambic pentameter, which employ one of several rhyme schemes and adhere to a tightly
structured thematic organization.
Example: Sonnet Number 18 by William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
And every fair from fair sometime declines, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
 Dramatic Monologue - a poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals
aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events.
Example: T.S. Eliot's The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock
And indeed there will be time My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin--
To wonder, 'Do I dare?' and, ‘Do I dare?' (They will say: 'But how his arms and legs are thin!')
Time to turn back and descend the stair, Do I dare
With a bald spot in the middle of my hair-- Disturb the universe?
(They will say: 'How his hair is growing thin!') In a minute there is time
My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin, For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.'
 Narrative Poetry - a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well; the
entire story is usually written in metered verse.

It has 3 kinds:
 Epics - A long narrative poem written in elevated style, in which heroes of great historical or legendary importance perform valorous
deeds. (e.g. Beowulf)
 Mock-epic - are typically satires or parodies that mock common Classical stereotypes of heroes and heroic literature. (e.g. Alexander
Pope's The Rape of the Lock)
 Ballad - a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed
on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture. (The Second Coming William Butler Yeats (1865-1939))
 Descriptive and Didactic Poetry - Both lyric and narrative poetry can contain lengthy and detailed descriptions (descriptive
poetry) or scenes in direct speech (dramatic poetry).

2. Fiction - Literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels that describes imaginary events and people.

There are 2 kinds of Fiction literature:

 Realistic Fiction - is a genre consisting of stories that could have actually occurred to people or animals in a believable setting.
  Fantastic Fiction -a type of fiction that ideologically and aesthetically subordinates reality to imagination by depicting a world
of marvels that is contrasted to everyday reality and to accepted views of what is credible.

3. Drama - a piece of writing that tells a story and is performed on a stage.

There are 5 kinds of Drama:

 Comedy - Comedies are lighter in tone than ordinary writers, and provide a happy conclusion. The intention of dramatists in
comedies is to make their audience laugh. Hence, they use quaint circumstances, unusual characters and witty remarks.
 Tragedy - Tragic dramas use darker themes such as disaster, pain and death. Protagonists often have a tragic flaw—a characteristic
that leads them to their downfall.
 Farce - Generally, a farce is a nonsensical genre of drama, which often overacts or engages slapstick humor. It’s
basically, what you call a “Parody”
 Melodrama - Melodrama is an exaggerated drama, which is sensational and appeals directly to the senses of audience. Just
like the farce, the characters are of single dimension and simple, or may be stereotyped.
 Fantasy - It is a complete fictional work where characters virtually display supernatural skills. It is more appealing to children as
fairies, angels, superheroes, etc., are embedded in the plot. Use of magic, pseudo-science, horror, and spooky themes through
various kinds of technical devices create a perfect world of fantasy. The modern version of drama incorporates a great deal of
special effects.

4. Creative Non- fiction - Also known as literary non-fiction or narrative non-fiction. A genre of writing that uses literary styles and
techniques to create factually accurate narratives.

Some of the creative nonfiction in the Philippines are:

 “The Cardinal’s Sins, the General’s Cross, the Martyr’s Testimony, and Other Affirmations” by Gregorio C. Brillantes
 “Manananggal Terrorizes Manila and Other Stories” by Jessica Zafra
 “Sapay Koma” by Jhoanna Lynn Cruz

5. Hyper Poetry - Hypertext poetry and hypertext fiction are new genres of literature that use the computer screen as medium, rather
than the printed page. The literary works rely on the qualities unique to a digital environment, such as linked World Wide Web pages
or effects such as sound and movement.

6. Blogs - A blog (shortening of “weblog”) is an online journal or informational website displaying information in the reverse
chronological order, with latest posts appearing first. It is a platform where a writer or even a group of writers share their views on an
individual subject. Same blogs are written by one person containing their own opinions, interests and experiences, while others are
written by many different people.

7. Mobile Phone Text Tula - A cell phone novel, or mobile phone novel is a literary work originally written on a cellular phone via text
messaging. This type of literature originated in Japan, where it has become a popular literary genre. However, its popularity has also
spread to other countries internationally, especially to China, United States, Germany, and South Africa.

8. Chick Lit – also known as Chick Literature. This is genre fiction, which “consists of heroin-centered narratives that focus on the
trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists”. Chick it typically features a female protagonist whose womanhood is heavily
thermalized in the plot.

Some of the chick lit in the Philippines are:

 Spotlight New Adult by Mina V. Esguerra
 Tall Story by Candy Gourlay
 All’s Fair in Blog and War by Chrissie Peria

9. Speculative Fiction - It covers all stories from fantasy to science fiction to slipstream to magic realism to urban fantasy — so on and
so forth. In other words (or in other worlds), it encompasses all the stories that are removed from the reality that we are currently living
in.

Some of the speculative fiction in the Philippines are:

 Smaller and Smaller Circles by FH Batacan
 Sink by Isabel Yap
 The Secret Origin of Spin-Man by Andrew Drilon

10. Flash Fiction - Flash fiction goes by many names, including micro-fiction, micro-stories, short-shorts, short-short stories, very short
stories, sudden fiction, postcard fiction and nanofiction. While it can be difficult to pinpoint an exact definition of flash fiction based
on word count, consideration of several of its features can help provide clarity, like its brevity, length, background and purpose.

Some of the flash fiction in the Philippines are:

 100 Kislap, by Abdon M. Balde Jr.
 Karapote: Antolohia Dagiti 13 a Nasuerte A Sarita, by Ariel S. Tabag