CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods used to answer the research questions to explore the

concepts presented, and test the hypotheses suggested in Chapter One. This chapter provides an

explanation of the sampling, instrumentation data collection procedures, scale development,

measures, and a description of the analysis procedures. It introduced the research design, such as

the research method, the respondents of the study and the sample selection procedures, research

locale, instrumentation and its validation, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of

data applied in this study.

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive method of research. This method involves the

collection of data in order to answer the questions stated on the statement of the problem.

As stated by Almendraset. al (2013), descriptive method is used to gather information

which is appropriate to cope with the present existing condition. This method aimed to describe

the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and explains the causes of the

phenomena.

Descriptive method is the most appropriate process used in this study since the study was

about teachers attitudes towards the implementation of Phil-IRI as a reading tool in selected

Public High School teachers in the Division city of Cabuyao.

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46

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

The suggested responses of the respondents for the challenges of the teachers in

implementing the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory.

4- Strongly Agree
3- Agree

2- Disagree

1-Strongly Disagree

Research Locale

The research was conducted in Selected National High School. The first selected school

is Southville Integrated High School, followed by Gulod National High school and lastly Pulo

National High School.

Population of the Study

The respondents of the study were from English High School teachers from South Ville

Integrated (7), Gulod National High School (21) and Pulo National High School (22). The total

number of respondents of the study based on the pre-survey in Selected National High School is

only fifty (50) teachers.

Table A

School Frequency

Southville 1 Integrated National High School 7

Pulo National High School 22

Gulod National High School 21

Total 50

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47

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

The respondents were selected using purposive sampling to choose English teachers of

Southville Integrated High School, followed by Gulod National High School and lastly Pulo

National High School in the Division City of Cabuyao for the purpose of the study.
 Research Instrument

The researchers collected quantitative data at the same time and on the same event

through self-made questionnaire (Omari, 2011). The quantitative method involves inferential

approach or survey research design in which questions or observation will be used (Kothari,

2008; Omari). It involves application of mathematical and statistical techniques which was very

useful in research since researchers used numerous tables and charts to analyze the collected

data. The quantitative method helped to analyze raw data which was collected through

questionnaire and subjected to similar statistical analysis in order to provide solid evidences

regarding student teachers’ attitudes and challenges regarding the implementation of Phil-IRI as

a reading tool.

The researchers have developed a self-made questionnaire as a primary tool in collecting

data for gathering of information from the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers utilized the descriptive research design and the data were gathered using

a researcher-made questionnaire. It is divided into seven parts: Part I – Demographic Profile;

Part II – Objectives; Part III – Administration of Phil-IRI; Part IV Clarity of Instruction; Part V

Mechanics; Part VI Interpretation of results; and Part VII Problems encountered when

administering Phil- IRI ..

Data Analysis Plan

The researchers used the following statistical tools necessary for the study:

1. Percentage. To determine the percentage of the demographic profile of the respondents. A

percentage is a way of expressing a number as fraction of 100.

P ꞊ F/N X 100

Where:
P ꞊ percentage

F ꞊ Frequency of the distribution

N ꞊ Total Number of cases

2. Weighted mean. It is uses to assess the attitudes of teacher in implementation of Philippine

Informal Reading Inventory as a reading tool.

The weighted mean rate is computed as:

where μ - weighted mean

Σ - summation

f - frequency of response

w - weight of the scale

N - total number of cases

μ=

3. Analysis of variance. To test if there is a significant difference between the demographic

profile of the respondents to their challenges and academic performance, the Analysis of

Variance(ANOVA) was used.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) uses the F-test (also called the F-ratio) of difference of

group means, testing if the means of the groups formed by the values of the independent variable

(combinations of values for multiple independent variables) are different enough not to have

occurred by chance.

The conputational procedure is illustrated below as:

ANOVA

Sum of
Squares Df

Mean

Square F Sig.

Objectives Between Groups .411 2 .205 1.376 .263

Within Groups 7.014 47 .149

Total 7.425 49

administration Between Groups .136 2 .068 1.871 .165

Within Groups 1.711 47 .036

Total 1.847 49

Clarity Between Groups .018 2 .009 .157 .855

Within Groups 2.630 47 .056

Total 2.647 49

Mechanics Between Groups .084 2 .042 1.109 .338

Within Groups 1.775 47 .038

Total 1.859 49

Interpretation Between Groups .008 2 .004 .108 .898

Within Groups 1.752 47 .037

Total 1.760 49

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Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

ANNOVA Table: Formulas

Source df ss MS F

(Mean Square)

Model
(Between) k-1 Σn(x−x¯)² SSM = SSM MSM

_______ _______ _________

dfm k-1 MSE

Error n-k Σ(n−1)S2Σ(n−1)S² SSE = SSE

(Within) _____ ____

Dfe n-k

Total n-1 ΣΣ ((x−x¯)²

F= MS between

___________

MS within

4. The Likert Scaling Technique. This was used for summated rating to indicate the extent of

perception of the different items. A scale 4 was used to determine the verbal interpretation of

scales interval which was as follows.

SCALING

Interval as follows:

SCORE

Statistical Limits

INTERPRETATION/

DESCRIPTIVE

EQUIVALENT

4 – Strongly Agree 1- 1.5 Very High

3 – Agree 1.51- 2.5 High

2 – Disagree 2.51-3.5 Low

1 – Strongly Disagree 3.51- 4 Very Low

SCORE

Statistical Limits

INTERPRETATION/

DESCRIPTIVE

EQUIVALENT

4 – Highly Evident 1- 1.51 Very High

3 – Evident 1.51- 2.5 High

2 – Least Evident 2.51- 3.5 Low

1 – Not Evident 3.51- 4 Very Low