ABUSE, HARASSMENT, BULLYING AND
THREAT 3. VERBAL ABUSE (Velasco, Karen D.)
FORMS OF ABUSE
Psychological/Emotional Abuse (Morales,
Julius Christian)
- Characterized by a person
subjecting or exposing another to
behavior that may result in trauma,
including anxiety, chronic
depression, or post-traumatic stress
disorder.
All forms of abuse are illegal and these
includes the following:
Eugene)
1. PHYSICAL ABUSE (Federis, Yuri
Laine)
- Also known as domestic abuse or
domestic violence. Physical abuse is
any intentional act causing injury or
trauma to another person or animal
by way of bodily contact.
2. SEXUAL ABUSE ( Dalago, Jadine
Kyzle R.)
- Also referred as molestation, is an
unwanted sexual activity, with
perpetrators using force, making
threats or taking advantage of
victims not able to give consent.
Most victims and perpetrators
know each other.
- Generally defined as contacts
between a child and an adult or
other person significantly older or in
a position of power or control over
the child, where the child is being
used for sexual stimulation of the
adult or other person.
- Also called verbal attack or verbal
assault, it is when a person forcefully
criticizes, insults, or denounces
someone else. Characterized by
underlying anger and hostility, it is a
destructive form of communication
intended to harm the self-concept of
the other person and produce
negative emotions. Verbal abuse is
a maladaptive mechanism that
anyone can display occasionally,
such as during times of high stress
or physical discomfort.
4. ELDER ABUSE (Enriquez, Matthew
- Elder Abuse is defined by the World
Health Organization as “a single, or
repeated act, or lack of appropriate
action, occurring within any
relationship where there is an
expectation of trust which causes
harm or distress to an older person.”
- Elder abuse often occurs when there
is an imbalance of control. The
abuser either limits or takes control
over the rights and freedoms of the
senior. The abuse/violence is used
to intimidate, humiliate, coerce,
frighten or simply to make the senior
feel powerless.
- Elder abuse or elder mistreatment is
a multidimensional phenomenon,
that encompasses a broad range of
behaviors, events, and
circumstances. Unlike random acts
of violence or exploitation, elder
abuse does not always occur as an
isolated incident; rather it is
recurrent in up to 80% of cases.
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5. SPIRITUAL ABUSE (Lupig, Jeaf
Roseminh D.)
- It may refer to psychological
manipulations and harm inflicted on
a person by using the teachings of
religion by certain religious groups.
This is perpetrated by members of
the same or similar faith, and
includes the use of a position of
authority within the religion. It is
most often directed at children and
emotionally vulnerable adults, and
motivations behind such abuse vary,
but can be either well-intentioned or
malicious.
- Spiritual abuse happens when a
spiritual authority, such as a cult
leader or abusive pastor, seeks to
control individuals and ensure
obedience.
An example case is that:
A spiritually abusive group might claim that
they are God’s sole channel of
communication and that they alone can
rightly interpret God’s Word. They might
claim that salvation depends upon
belonging to their church and that, since
God speaks through them alone, there can
be no further discussion on what the leaders
say.
HARASSMENT (Perez, Vera Anne C.)
Harassment is an unwanted conduct that
occurs with the purpose or effect of violating
the dignity of an individual or creates an
intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating
or offensive environment. It can be carried
out by an individual or group of individuals
who make/s an inappropriate behaviour
based on race, colour, ancestry, place of
origin, political belief, religion, marital status,
family status, sexual orientation, physical or
mental disability, gender, age, and criminal
or summary conviction.
BULLYING (Daduya, Reinniel)
Bullying is physical or verbal abuse that
occurs repeatedly and involves a power
imbalance. In other words, it’s one
individual, using social power, or physical
strength, to dominate another in a way that
really makes the target miserable.
bullying is comprised of the following key
elements: the intent to harm; an imbalance
of power; repeated aggression and/or the
threat of further aggression.
FIVE TYPES OF BULLYING (De Jesus,
Patrick)
• Physical bullying - which includes hitting
or otherwise hurting someone, shoving or
intimidating another person, or damaging or
stealing their belongings
• Verbal bullying - which includes name
calling or insulting someone about physical
characteristics such as their weight or
height, or other attributes including race,
sexuality, culture, or religion
• Relational aggression/bullying -
sometimes referred to as emotional bullying,
relational aggression is a type of social
manipulation where tweens and teens try to
hurt their peers or sabotage their social
standing.

• Cyberbullying - is when a tween or a teen

uses the Internet, a smartphone, or other
technology to harass, threaten, embarrass,
or target another person.

THREAT (Puertollano, Kyd Joshua D.C.)

- A sign that an event that may inflict

pain or cause a person’s death may
come.
- A form of intimidation that a person
would make another person do out
of fear.