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Jr BOTANY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

UNIT-I DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD (14M) 4M(2) & 2M(3)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What does ICBN stand for?

2. Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

3. Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in
India.

4. What is the basic unit of classification? Define it.

5. Give the scientific name of mango. Identify the generic name and specific epithet.

6. What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living organisms and growth in
non-living objects?

7. What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?

8. What do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red tides' signify?

9. State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.

10. Who proposed five kingdom classification? How many kingdoms of this classification contain
eukaryotes?

11. Explain how the term Botany has emerged.

12. Name the books written by Parasara and mention the important aspects discussed in those
books.

13. Who is popularly known as father of Botany? What was the book written by him?

14. Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him?

15. What is palaeobotany? What is its use?

16. Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes and
non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes.

17. What are the groups of plants that live as symbionts in lichens? Name the study of lichens.

18. Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams? Name the branch of Botany which deals
with them?

19. Which group of plants is called amphibians of plant kingdom? Name the branch of Botany which
deals with them. 20. Name the stored food materials found in Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae.

21. Name the pigments responsible for brown colour of Phaeophyceae and red colour of
Rhodophyceae.

22. Name the Gymnosperms which contain mycorrhizae and coralloid roots respectively.
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23. Mention the ploidy of any four of the following: a. Protonemal cell of a moss b. Primary
endosperm nucleus in a dicot c. Leaf cell of a moss d. Prothallus of a fern e. Gemma cell in
Marchantia f. Meristem cell of monocot g. Ovum of a liverwort and h. Zygote of a fern

24. What are the first organisms to colonize rocks? Give the generic name of the moss which
provides peat?

25. Mention the fern characters found in Cycas.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Explain binomial nomenclature.

2. Give a brief account of Dinoflagellates. 3. What are the characteristic features of euglenoids?

4. Write the role of Fungi in our daily life. 5. Explain in brief the scope of Botany in relation to
agriculture, horticulture and medicine.

6. Explain the scope of Botany taking plant physiology as example.

7. Differentiate between red algae and brown algae.

8. Differentiate between liver worts and mosses.

9. Write a note on economic importance of algae and bryophytes.

UNIT-II STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS (12M) 8M(1) &2M(2)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Define root. Mention the types of root systems. Explain how root is modified to perform different
functions.

2. Explain how stem is modified variously to perform different functions.

3. Explain different types of racemose inflorescences.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is meant by pulvinous leaf base? In members of which angiospermic family do you find
them?

2. Define venation. How do dicots differ from monocots with respect to venation? 3. Which organ
is modified to trap insects in insectivorous plants? Give two examples.

4. What is meant by epipetalous condition? Give an example.

5. What is meant by parthenocarpic fruit? How is it useful?

6. Why certain fruits are called false fruits? Name two examples of plants having false fruits.

7. Name any two plants having single seeded dry fruits.

8. What are aggregate fruits? Give two examples.

UNIT-III REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS (12M) 8M(1) & 4M(1)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

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1. Describe the post-fertilization changes in a flower.

2. With a neat, labelled diagram describe the parts of a mature angiosperm embryo sac. Mention
the role of synergids.

3. Describe the process of fertilization in angiosperms.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Justify the statement ‘vegetative reproduction is also a type of asexual reproduction'.

2. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why vegetative reproduction is also
considered as a type of asexual reproduction?

3. List three strategies that a bisexual chasmogamous flower can evolve to prevent self-pollination
(autogamy).

4. Discuss the various types of pollen tube entry into ovary with the help of diagrams.

5. What is bagging technique? How is it useful in a plant breeding programme?

6. What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?

UNIT-IV PLANT SYSTAMATICS (6M) 4M(1)&2M(1)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Explain floral formula.

2. Give economic importance of plants belonging to Fabaceae.

3. Give an account of floral diagram.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is natural system of plant classification? Name the scientists who followed it.

2. What is geocarpy? Name the plant which exhibits this phenomenon.

3. What is omega taxonomy?

UNIT-V CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS (14M) 4M(2) & 2M(3)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Briefly describe the cell theory.

2. What are plasmids? Describe their role in bacteria.

3. Name two cell organelles that are double membrane bound. What are the characteristics of
these two organelles? State their functions and draw labelled diagrams of both.

4. What are characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

5. Cell is the basic unit of life. Discuss in brief.

6. Is rubber a primary metabolite or a secondary metabolite? Write four sentences about rubber.

7. Schematically represent primary, secondary and tertiary structure of a hypothetical polymer

using protein as an example.
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8. In which phase of meiosis are the following formed? Choose the answers from hint points given
below. a. Synaptonemal complex _________ b. Recombination nodules ______________ c.
Appearance / activation of enzyme recombinase _______ d. Termination of chiasmata __________
e. Interkinesis __________ f. Formation of dyad of cells ________

9. Though redundantly described as a resting phase, interphase does not really involve rest.
Comment.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are gas vacuoles? State their functions.

2. What are micro bodies? What do they contain?

3. Medicines are either man made or obtained from organisms like plants, bacteria, animals etc., and
hence the latter are called natural products. Sometimes natural products are chemically altered by
man to reduce toxicity or side effects. Write against each of the following whether they were initially
obtained as a natural product or as a synthetic chemical. a. Penicillin ____________ b.
Sulphonamide __________ c. Vitamin C _______________ d. Growth hormone ____________

4. Select an appropriate chemical bond among ester bond, glycosidic bond, peptide bond and
hydrogen bond and write against each of the following. a. Polysaccharide _____________ b. Protein
____________ c. Fat ________________ d. Water ______________

5. Give one example for each of aminoacids, sugars, nucleotides and fatty acids.

6. Starch, cellulose, glycogen and chitin are polysaccharides found among the following. Choose the
one appropriate and write against each. a. Cotton fibre __________ b. Exoskeleton of cockroach
___________ c. Liver ___________ d. Peeled potato __________

7. Given that the average duplication time of E. coli is 20 minutes. How much time will two E. coli
cells take to become 32 cells?

8. If a tissue has at a given time 1024 cells. How many cycles of mitosis have the original parental
single cell undergone?

9. An anther has 1200 pollen grains. How many pollen mother cells must have been there to
produce them?

10. The following events occur during the various phases of the cell cycle. Fill the blanks with
suitable answer against each. a. Disintegration of nuclear membrane_____________ b. Appearance
of nucleolus _______________ c. Division of centromere _____________ d. Replication of DNA
_____________

UNIT-VI INTERNAL ORGANISATION OF PLANTS (12M) 8M(1) & 4M(1)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Describe the T.S. of a dicot stem.

2. Describe the T.S. of a monocot stem.

3. Describe the internal structure of a dicot root.

4. Describe the internal structure of a monocot root.

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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. State the location and function of different types of meristems.

2. A transverse section of the trunk of a tree shows concentric rings which are known as annual
rings. How are these rings formed? What is the significance of these rings?

3. Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each
system.

UNIT-VII PLANT ECOLOGY (6M) 4M(1)&2M(1)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are hydrophytes? Briefly discuss the different kinds of hydrophytes with examples.

2. Enumerate the morphological adaptations of hydrophytes.

3. List out the anatomical adaptations of hydrophytes.

4. Write a brief account on classification of xerophytes.

5. Enumerate the morphological and anatomical adaptations of xerophytes.

6. Define plant succession. Differentiate primary and secondary successions.

7. Define ecosystem/ ecological services. Explain in brief with regard to pollination.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Climax stage is achieved quickly in secondary succession as compared to primary succession.

Why?

2. Define heliophytes and sciophytes. Name a plant from your locality that is either heliophyte or
sciophyte.

3. Define population and community. 50. Define communities? Who classified plant communities
into hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes?

4. Hydrophytes show reduced xylem. Why?