OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BEAM DESIGN 2.1. FLEXURE 2.2. SHEAR & TORSION 2.3.

DESIGN FOR
ANCHORAGE 2.4. STAAD PRO INPUT PARAMETERS 2.5. STAD DESIGN OUTPUT FOR BEAMS 2.6. SEISMIC
REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS OUTLINE 3. COLUMN DESIGN 3.1. COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAM 3.2.
STAAD DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS 3.3. STAAD DESIGN OUTPUT FOR COLUMNS 3.4 SEISMIC
REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS 4. CONCLUSION 1. INTRODUCTION • Analysis part is always followed by
the design part. • However, it must be noted that the initial proportioning of beam and column sizes is
part of the design and may not be the final dimension. • Thus the design is a series of iteration and
resizing, then reanalysis, then redesign. Design is an iteration process: 1. Initial sizing of beams and
columns. Initial sizing of beams and columns. 2. Analysis for stresses. Analysis for stresses. 3. Design of
steel reinforcements. Design of steel reinforcements. if design is inadequate, repeat step 1, 2, and 3. 4. If
design is adequate, adopt sizes If design is adequate, adopt sizes and reinforcements. 1. INTRODUCTION
• All concrete design calculation is governed by the current ACI 318 code. • Unified (strength) design
method is adopted by the current code. • The working stress design (WSD) is deleted from the ACI 318
code • STAAD Pro do not employ the WSD for reinforced concrete design. 1. INTRODUCTION • SPECIAL
MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES (SMRF) are the type of frames, instead of ORDINARY MOMENT RESISTING
FRAMES (OMRF) are required for high seismic risk areas, such as the Philippines. • Therefore, the NSCP
requires that all buildings in the Philippines must be designed to effectively resist high seismic forces. 1.
INTRODUCTION • At the moment, STAAD Pro has NO provision for automatic seismic detailing in
reinforced concrete design. • What shall we do???? 1. INTRODUCTION • FLEXURE • SHEAR • TORSION 2.
BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.1. FLEXURE The main (longitudinal) reinforcement is calculated for
calculated for midspan midspan (sagging) and (sagging) and support (hogging) bending moments on the
basis of the section profile in the design brief ( design brief (ie. PRISMATIC ZD, YD). . PRISMATIC ZD, YD).
2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN CRITICAL SAGGING MOMENT CRITICAL
HOGGING MOMENT CRITICAL HOGGING MOMENT ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM
DESIGN 2.1. FLEXURE The STAAD Pro does not have any limit STAAD Pro does not have any limit of any
bars in any one layer as long as the spacing requirements specified in the code are satisfied. The
program can handle a maximum of program can handle a maximum of four layers of reinforcement, two
layers each at the top and bottom. 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.1. FLEXURE The actual amount of
steel required as actual amount of steel required as well as the maximum and minimum required for
required for flexure is shown as ROW, flexure is shown as ROW, ROWMX AND ROWMIN, respectively. It
is important to note that the beams are designed for flexural MZ only. The moment My is not
considered in the design. b h x MY y MZ Top bars (max of 2 layers) 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.1.
FLEXURE bottom bars (max of 2 layers) 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.2. SHEAR & TORSION d d SFACE
OR EFACE BEAM ELEMENT LINE COLUMN ELEMENT LINE SHEAR FORCE AND TORSIONAL MOMENT
LOCATION CALCULATED STEEL REINFORCEMENTS 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.2. SHEAR &
TORSION When required, torsional reinforcement in the form of closed stirrups or hoop reinforcement
must be provided. 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.2. SHEAR & TORSION 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM
DESIGN 2.2. SHEAR & TORSION In addition to the stirrups, longitudinal steel bars are provided in corners
of the stirrups and are well distributed around the section 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.2. SHEAR &
TORSION 2. BEAM DESIGN BEAM DESIGN 2.2. SHEAR & TORSION In the ACI Code, the design for torsion
is based on space truss analogy. After torsional torsional cracking occurs, the cracking occurs, the torque
is resisted by closed stirrups, longitudinal bars, and concrete compression diagonals. 2. BEAM DESIGN
BEAM DESIGN 2.3. DESIGN FOR ANCHORAGE In STAAD output for flexural design, the anchorage
requirement is shown with a YES or NO at the START and END of the beam. The designer must provide
the details of anchorage. 4db 5db 6db 4db or 2.5” min D PPWRPP
' GE
 PPPPPP
' GE
 PPPP
' GE
 +RRNLIDQFKRULV< 2-20mm 2-12mm 5-12mm 2-12mm 3. COLUMN DESIGN Column design in STAAD
per the ACI code is performed for axial force, uniaxial and biaxial moments. The loading which produces
the largest amount of reinforcement is called the critical load. 3. COLUMN DESIGN Column design is
done for square, rectangular and circular sections. For rectangular and circular sections, reinforcement
is always assumed to be equally distributed on all faces. This means that the total number of bars will
always be a multiple of four (4). Column design inside the STAAD program 1. The Bresler Load Contour
method is adopted by STAAD Pro for columns under axial force, uniaxial and biaxial moments. 2.The
program will iterate a steel ratio from 1% to a maximum of 8% for a given column dimension. 3.When
the adequate steel ratio is arrived at, the iteration terminates and adopt the steel ratio and then a steel
area is computed. Column design inside the STAAD program 4. Otherwise, if the section is inadequate,
the report prompts that the size needs to be increased. 5. Seismic provision is absent in STAAD Pro. Thus
the output must be checked and adjusted accordingly. Nominal Pn, Mn curve Factored Pu, Mu (ACI
Capacity) Axial capacity (kN) Moment Capacity (kN-m) SAFE ZONE for(Pu, Mu) pair 3.1. COLUMN
INTERACTION DIAGRAM UNIT KN METER START CONCRETE DESIGN CODE ACI FYMAIN 414 MAXMAIN 25
ALL DESIGN COLUMN 23 25 END CONCRETE DESIGN 3.2. STAAD DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS The
following output is generated without any TRACK definition, thus using the default of TRACK 0.0
========================================================== COLUMN NO. 1 DESIGN PER ACI
318-05 - AXIAL + BENDING FY - 415.0 FC - 25.0 MPA, RECT SIZE - 275.0 X 300.0 MMS, TIED AREA OF
STEEL REQUIRED = 882.8 SQ. MM BAR CONFIGURATION REINF PCT. LOAD LOCATION PHI --------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 - 12 MM 1.097 4 END 0.650 (PROVIDE
EQUAL NUMBER OF BARS ON EACH FACE) TIE BAR NUMBER 12 SPACING 192.00 MM 3.3. STAAD DESIGN
OUTPUT FOR COLUMNS 3. 4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS . SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN 1.
Longitudinal Reinforcements (NSCP2010 421.6.3.1) • The reinforcement ratio ρg shall not be less than
0.01 and shall not exceed 0.06. • The STAAD allows up to a maximum of 8%. Therefore, should the
design be adequate with a steel ratio more than 6%, the section size shall be increased in order to satisfy
a steel ratio of less than or equal to 6%. Flexural Strength (NSCP2010 421.6.1) The flexural strength of
the column should satisfy the following: ∑Mnc ≥ (6/5) ∑Mnb Where: ∑Mnc - the sum of nominal flexural
strengths of columns framing into the joint, evaluated at the faces of the joint. ∑Mnb - the sum of
nominal flexural strengths of the beams framing into the joint, evaluated at the faces of the joint.
Mncbot Mnctop Mnbleft Mnbright (Mnctop + Mncbot) ≥ (6/5) (Mnbtop + Mnbbot)
VXPRIFROXPQPRPHQWFDSDFLW\PXVWEHKLJKHUWKDQWKHVXPRIWKHEHDPPRPHQWFDSDFLW\
Flexural Strength (NSCP2010 421.6.1) 3. 4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS . 4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR
COLUMN 2. Limiting size of columns (NSCP2010 421.6.1) • The shortest cross-sectional dimension,
measured on a straight line passing through the geometric centroid, shall not be less than 300mm. (Sec
421.6.1.1) • The ratio of the shortest crosssectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension shall not
be less than 0.4. (Sec 421.5.1.2) 3. 4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS . 4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR
COLUMN 3. Transverse reinforcement spacing (NSCP2010, 421.6.4.3) 1. ¼ of the minimum member
dimension. 2. Six times the diameter of the longitudinal bar, and 3. as defined by the given equation. So
= 100 + (350-hx) 3 where 100mm < So < 150mm hx = spacing of additional cross ties or overlapping
hoops, which need not exceed 350mm on centers. 3. 4. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS . 4. SEISMIC
REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMN 3. Transverse reinforcement spacing (NSCP2010, 421.6.4.3) b hx hx hx hx
hx h b/4 s ≤ 100+ (350- hx) 3 where 100mm<s<S212.4 , thus ok MAX STIRRUPS SPACING a) 6 (20) = 120
mm b) 150mm smax = 120mm STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints at length lo = greater of a) 375mm b)
450mm c) 1/6 of lu =1/6 (2850)=475mm so that, lo = 450mm 1) s= b/4 = 375/4 = 94mm 2) s = 100+(350-
0)/3 = 217 , 100<s