Competency Based Learning Materials

(Core Competencies)

Sector : AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT

Qualification Title: DRIVING NC II
Unit of Competency: CARRY OUT MINOR VEHICLE
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
Module Title: Carrying Out Minor Vehicle
Maintenance and Servicing
LORENZ INTERNATIONAL SKILLS
TRAINING ACADEMY
 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Welcome to the module in “carrying out minor vehicle
maintenance and servicing”. This module contains training materials and
activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “carry out minor vehicle maintenance and
servicing” contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Driving NC
II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheet and Job Sheets.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to
ask your facilitator for assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminologies. For the most
part, you'll get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA
Website, www.tesda.gov.ph
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency,
in “carrying out minor vehicle maintenance and servicing”.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own
pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. Your
trainer is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice in
your respective laboratory. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular training schedule. This way you will improve both your speed and
memory and also your confidence.
 Use the Self-checks, Job Sheets at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your
Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded
in your Progress Chart and Achievement Chart.
 You need to complete this module before you can move on to the next
module

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 Driving NC II

List of Core Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Carry out minor vehicle Carrying out minor vehicle

1. maintenance and maintenance and servicing ALT723348
servicing Carryi

2. Drive light vehicle Driving light vehicle ALT832302

Obey and observe traffic Obeying traffic rules and

3. ALT832303
rules and regulations regulations

Implement and coordinate Implementing and

4. accident-emergency coordinating accident- ALT832304
procedures emergency procedures

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 MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: CARRY OUT MINOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
AND SERVICING

MODULE TITLE: Carrying out minor vehicle maintenance and

servicing
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module involves the skills and knowledge
and attitudes required to carry out basic
servicing and maintenance of a light vehicle such
as cleaning the vehicle. It also includes the
action to implement the vehicle manufacturer’s
specifications for routine checks and
maintenance and that the vehicle is operational
to the requirements of both the workplace and
the relevant road and traffic authority.
NOMINAL DURATION: 30 hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module the students/trainees MUST be able to:
LO1. Clean vehicle unit
LO2. Maintain and service the vehicle system

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Vehicle is cleaned as per prescribed procedures using appropriate
cleaning supplies, tools/ equipment and according to occupational
health and safety (OHS).
2. Wastes are disposed of as per relevant ordinance, rules or law.
3. Minor routine checks are undertaken based on manufacturer's
manual.
4. Minor routine repair and servicing are undertaken in accordance with
occupational health and safety procedures and manufacturer's
manual.
5. Brakes are inspected and appropriate action is undertaken in
accordance with manufacturer's specifications.
6. Complex repair and service requirements are identified and referred
following workplace procedures.
7. Records of routine servicing, maintenance and repairs are kept and
updated in accordance with workplace procedures

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 1
Clean vehicle unit
CONTENTS:
 Parts of vehicle and its function
 Car Care and maintenance
 Relavant OHS and proper disposal of wastes

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Vehicle is cleaned as per prescribed procedures using appropriate
cleaning supplies, tools/ equipment and according to occupational
health and safety (OHS.

CONDITION:

The learner should be provided with the following:

 Cleaning materials
 Light vehicle
 Set of combination wrench
 Pliers
 Manufacturer’s maintenance

METHODOLOGIES:
 Self paced
 Discussion
 Demonstration
 Individual practice

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Written exam
 Demonstration
 Questioning

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 Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Clean vehicle unit
Learning Activities
Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 On Read
Good stance or posture, body information
language, grooming
Answer Self- Check 1.1-1
Perform Task Sheet 1.1-1
Special Instructions
and understand the
sheet and check
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key Self-
Check 1.1-1,
Task Sheet will help you practice
your skill.
The Performance Criteria Checklist
will guide and help you evaluate
your work as you are practicing your
skill.
Evaluate your work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your
trainer for final evaluation and
recording.
If you have questions about the use
of the matrix, please ask your
trainer.
After doing all activities of this LO,
you are ready to proceed to the next
Competency.

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 Information Sheet 1.1-1
Clean Vehicle Unit

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
 Identify conditions the parts and functions of the vehicle and its
servicng and mainrtenance procedures

Introduction
Basic Parts of a Car and Their Functions
With an array of options available in the market, it is difficult to determine
which car parts are a huge demand for sale. It is also difficult to understand
which needs to be bought or replaced a by a car owner.

Car Parts
Here is a long list of car parts that are safe for buying and should be kept
handy:
 AC  Mass Air Flow Sensor
 Suspension  Navigation System
 Alternator  Oxygen Sensors
 Brakes  Radiator
 Catalytic Convertors  Starter
 Control Arms  Steering Gearbox
 Cooling Fan  Steering Pump
 Injection Pump  Steering Racks
 Drive Axles  Struts and Shocks
 Fuel Injector  Supercharger
 Fuel Pump  Throttle Body
 Headlights  Transfer Case
 Ignition Coil  Turbochargers,
 Ignition Distributor  Wheel Hubs
 Intercooler

The most common and important car parts include the following:
 Battery is needed to switch on and run the car.
 Axle is a must to keep the car rolling.
 Brakes are the key to safe and trustworthy driving.
 Pistons are a must to make the journey smooth.
 Replacing a carburetor car parts called fuel injectors do the task of
transferring the fuel gas from the tank to the engine.
 A radiator comes to rescue when the engine gets overheated.

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  An AC compressor keeps one cool irrespective of the weather outside.
 Clutch helps in smooth driving.
 Radiator is accompanied by the fan to release the excess heat from the
car.
 Unlike other car parts spare tire is a non- technical one. Nevertheless
it is important.
 A skilled driver might not require help to change tire when necessary.
All that he needs is a car jack.
 Riding down a rough pitch is unthinkable without shock absorbers.
 Transmissions are meant for taking the power generated by the engine
to the wheels.
 Spark plug forms a part of ignition chamber whose function is to use
an electric spark for fuel ignition.
 To keep the air inside the car clean, an air filter is irreplaceable.
 To keep the noise of the car under control car parts namely muffler is
important.
 Another environment friendly part of the car is a catalytic convertor
meant for reducing emissions.
 The battery of the car keeps charging even when the engine runs with
the help of an alternator.
 A pressure gauge is not a direct part of a car but it helps prevention of
flat tire and consumption of excessive gas.

Car Parts
Tips to the Buyers of Car Parts
It is not easy to understand which car parts need replacement until it stops
working completely. Faults kept unattended for long may result in greater
problem in a car as each part is interrelated to another. Sometimes simply
replacing a worn out car part with a new one won’t be of any help without
knowing a proper way of maintaining the same. A buyer’s guide from a
reputed seller is recommended in this regard. They not only give a detailed
description of the products but also help one choose parts according to the
vehicle type. An advice booklet is also accompanied by warranty against
their product

HOW TO CLEAN YOUR CAR

To clean your car, you can either opt for a simple body and wheel clean, or
you can choose to clean both the interior and exterior of your car. Before
you begin cleaning the exterior, make sure the body of your car is cool and
in the shade. Use specially formulated cleaners to clean the body and wheels
of your car. To clean the interior, remove the floor mats and throw away
trash. Vacuum the interior and use a foam cleanser to clean the carpet and
upholstery. Finish cleaning your car by using a window cleaner to clean the
inside and outside of your windows.

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Part 1
Preparing to Wash Your Car

1. Park your car in a shaded area. If the body of your car is hot from
sitting in the sun or from driving, wait for your car to cool down before
cleaning it. This may take 20 to 30 minutes.
Since heat can speed the drying time of soap and water, you want to wait for
your car to cool down to avoid soap and water stains.

2. Gather your supplies. Place two buckets, a car cleanser, a soft natural
sponge or a lambswool wash mitt, a cloth/rag, tire cleaner, soft terry
towels, and car wax next to your car. These materials are needed to clean
your car’s exterior.
Gather your supplies to clean the interior as well. These supplies may
include a vacuum, trash bag, glass cleaner, upholstery foam cleanser,
carpet cleaner, Q-tips, paper towels, and rags.

3. Fill two buckets with water. One bucket will be used for soaking your
cloth while the other will be used for rinsing your cloth. Fill one of the
buckets with the specially formulated car cleanser per the instructions.[2]
Do not use dishwashing detergent or hand soap to clean your car. These
harsh household cleaners may strip off your car’s wax.

Part 2
Washing the Body

1. Rinse the car with a hose. Rinse the entire surface of the car thoroughly
before applying soap. Make sure to remove loose dirt and debris to avoid
scratching your car. Remove leaves, twigs, and other debris with your
hands.[3]
Set the hose on a high-pressure setting to rinse hard-to-remove dirt, debris,
and grime. However, make sure the pressure isn't too high so as not to
remove your car's wax or paint.

2. Clean from the top of your car down to the bottom. And work on one
section at a time. Make sure to completely rinse each section with water
after you finish cleaning it with soap. This will prevent the soap from
drying onto your car.[4]

3. Lather the soap with your sponge or lambswool mitt. Then scrub your
car in a straight up and down motion. Do not clean the car in a circular
motion. Scrubbing in a circular motion can cause swirl marks.[5]

4. Rinse your sponge often. Rinse it in the second bucket that contains
water after each use. If your sponge falls onto the ground, make sure to

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 rinse it in the water. If not, the debris on the sponge may scratch your
car.

5. Do not let your car air dry. This can cause watermarks and streaking.
Instead, use a soft-terry towel or a chamois (synthetic or natural) to dry
it. Try blotting the water instead of wiping it to dry your car.

Part 3
Cleaning the Wheels

1. Fill two buckets with water. Mix a cleaner into one of the buckets.
Make sure to use a cleaner that is safe for all wheel surfaces. Avoid
caustic cleaners that contain acid, as well as dishwashing detergents.
These cleaners can ruin the finish on your wheels.[8]
One bucket will be used for cleaning and the other will be used for rinsing
your sponge.

2. Soak a soft sponge in the cleaning solution. Once the sponge has
soaked for a few minutes, begin cleaning one wheel at a time from the top
down. To clean small crevices, use a soft-bristled toothbrush.[9]
If your wheels are very dirty, you may need to apply a de-greaser before
cleaning them.

3. Rinse and dry the wheel. Once your wheel is clean, rinse it thoroughly
with water until all dirt and debris are removed. Then dry the wheel with
a soft cloth.[10]
Repeat steps one through three for each wheel.

Part 4
Waxing Your Car

1. Cut a clay bar into three or four equal sections. Flatten one of the
pieces so that three of your fingers can hold it in place. Spray a fair
amount of clay lube onto a small section of the car (24" by 24"). Then,
gently glide the clay over the lubricated section in a back and forth
motion (not a circular motion).[11]
Once the clay begins to glide smoothly over the section and you do not hear
or feel a roughness in the finish, move onto the next section.
Make sure to use the clean parts of the clay on the new sections as you
work.
Clay bars are used to remove microscopic dirt from your car's body to
prevent scratching during the waxing process.

2. Squeeze a quarter-sized amount of polish onto your pad. Apply the

wax in a straight up and down motion onto the body of your car. Do not
apply it in a circular motion, and do not wax your windows or the trim.
Use gentle pressure when applying the wax to get a smooth, even coat.[12]
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Make sure to apply thin layers of wax as opposed to thick layers. As a rule of
thumb, it is better to apply multiple thin layers than to apply one thick
layer.

3. Use a microfiber-buffing towel to buff the wax. Move the towel in a

straight up and down motion as opposed to a circular motion. Use a high
quality towel to prevent scratching.[13]
Before buffing the wax, you may need to let the wax dry. It depends on
which formula you are using. To be safe, follow the product’s instructions.

Part 5
Cleaning the Interior

1. Remove the floor mats. Shake them out to remove dust, dirt, and
debris. Place them on the ground for vacuuming at a later time. However,
you can vacuum them right away if you want. It is your preference.[14]

2. Remove large pieces of trash. Pick up large pieces of trash like paper,
coins, pens, and other objects from your floorboard using your hands.
Place these items in a trash bag. Wear latex gloves to protect your hands
from getting dirty.[15]
Use a BBQ skewer to remove dirt and pieces of trash from small crevices like
in between seats.
Make sure to remove trash from cup holders as well.

3. Spray a glass cleaner into the cup holders. Let the glass cleaner set for
5 to 10 minutes. Then use a paper towel to clean out the dirt and grime.
Use the BBQ skewer to pick out grime and dirt from any small
crevices.[16]
Alternatively, place an old sock on the bottom of a mug or travel cup. Then
place the mug in the cup holder and twist to remove dirt and grime.

4. Vacuum from the top down. Start at the top of the seats, dashboard,
and console before moving to the floor. Use the upholstery nozzle to
vacuum the seats, upholstered areas, and the headliner. Use the brush
attachment to vacuum the components that contain hard vinyl, plastic,
and metal such as the dashboard and console. To clean small crevices
and tight areas, use the crevice attachment.[17]
Adjust the seats backwards and forwards to clean hard to reach spots under
the seats.

5. Use a carpet cleaner to clean carpet stains. Spray the cleaner onto the
stain and use a stiff bristle brush to rub it into the carpet. Be careful not
to spray too much cleaner onto the carpet as this can cause mildew if it
is not dried thoroughly.[18]
Use a clean, dry towel to blot the stains and dry the area.

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6. Spray a foam cleanser onto fabric stains. Rub the cleanser into the
stain with a soft brush. Let the cleanser dry. Then use a vacuum to
remove it per the instructions. If the stain remains, then spray more
cleanser onto the affected area and clean again until it is gone.[19]
If your seats are leather, then make sure to use a leather cleanser or saddle
soap to clean your seats, as well as other components of the car that contain
leather.

7. Use car wipes to sanitize the dashboard and console. Make sure to
use specially formulated car wipes. You can find these at your local auto
shop. Use Q-tips or cotton swabs to clean small areas like radio buttons,
air vents, and panel seams.[20]
If you do not have car wipes, then an all-purpose household cleaner that is
ammonia-free will do.

8. Clean the windows with a glass cleaner. Any household glass cleaner
will do. Instead of spraying the cleaner directly onto the window, spray it
onto a clean, microfiber towel. Then wipe both the inside and outside of
your windows in a straight up and down motion.[21]
Roll down your windows to thoroughly clean the top section of the window.

9. Re-vacuum the car. This will remove any dirt and grime that was
knocked out during the cleaning process. Then shake and vacuum the
floor mats thoroughly if you have not already done so. Place them inside
your car.
Use an odor-removal spray, like Febreeze, to remove any remaining smells
from your car.

THE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE YOU NEED TO DO ON YOUR CAR

(AND WHEN)

Regular preventive maintenance is probably the single thing you can do as a

car owner to keep your ride happy and save money on repairs in the future.
However, not everyone agrees on what preventive maintenance is, what you
should do, and when you should do it. Let’s clear that up, and give you
some tips that’ll apply to any vehicle.
Anyone who’s ever worked on cars or spent a ton of money getting their car
repaired will tell you: Don’t ignore preventive maintenance. The basics, like
changing your oil, checking your tire pressure, and getting scheduled
inspections and work done are like getting regular checkups at the doctor.
They keep you healthy and give you—and the experts—a chance to catch
anything serious before it becomes a major problem. With your car, that can
save you thousands.

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First, Read Your Owner’s Manual
- Pay attention to your owner’s manual. Regardless of the vehicle you
drive, your regular maintenance schedule is inside it, and you’ll never fall
for old car myths like, “You should change your oil every 3,000 miles,”
(unless of course, your manual says you should, and odds are it doesn’t).
You will, however, discover how often your manufacturer really does
suggest you change your oil (it can vary widely by vehicle), your filters,
any drive or timing belts in your vehicle, and more. You’ll even find out
whether you’re putting the right gas in your vehicle or whether you’re
using the right kind of oil in the first place.
- Seriously—you wouldn’t fire up a complicated piece of technology or a
massive new home appliance without checking the manual to make sure
you know what you’re doing. Most car lovers already know how important
this is, but it’s still important even for people don’t consider themselves
interested in how their car works. If you’re using the wrong oil, for
example, or filling a car that calls for higher octane fuel with the lowest
octane stuff you can buy, you may run the risk of voiding your warranty,
and worse, causing damage that’ll cost more to fix than you’d save by
using the cheap stuff.

Preventive Maintenance Every Vehicle Needs

- When we covered the ways you can save serious money on car repair,
more than a few people pointed out that preventive maintenance is
probably one of the biggest ways you can save money—not actively, but
in the long term. Spending a little money now on these basics will save
you from more costly repairs later on:

Five Ways to Save Serious Money on Car Repairs

If you drive, there's probably little you hate more than getting your car
repaired. It's…

Do your own inspection. It’s basic, but give your car a once-over
periodically so you catch anything that looks out of the ordinary. Make sure
all your lights are working. Check the air pressure in your tires every month
or so (and buy a cheap tire air pressure gauge and keep it in the glove
compartment). Doing so is good for your tires, gets you better mileage, and
saves you money in gas if you discover that the pressure is off. Listen for
any strange sounds, inside and out. Make sure your tires have enough
tread. You can use a penny to do it, or look out for the wear indicators on
the tire treads. If anything’s out of the ordinary, don’t ignore it.

Learn to check your fluids. Even if you don’t ever learn how to change
your antifreeze, power steering, coolant, or even your wiper fluid (although
seriously, don’t let someone charge you to change wiper fluid), you should
learn how to check those fluid levels. In some cases, you can see the tank
level directly, but most have gauges or dipsticks you can pull out to check
current levels against a notch that indicates optimal levels. Even if your
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owner’s manual doesn’t have much to say about checking your transmission
fluid or antifreeze, don’t be afraid to open the hood and see if you can find it.
If you’re running low, add more (if you can) or get it changed. Most
importantly, never ignore a leak.

Inspect and get your timing and serpentine belts replaced when
necessary. Many people will tell you to get your timing belt replaced every
60,000 miles or so, and your serpentine belt replaced every 40,000 miles,
give or take. Again, your owner’s manual will offer real numbers for your
type of vehicle. If you can’t find the manual, look around online. You’ll
probably find the actual recommendation for your car. Use it as a guideline,
and ask your mechanic to inspect the belts when it gets time to replace
them mileage-wise. If they’re still in good shape, don’t bother, but if they’re
worn out, get them replaced before they fail. If you wait and those belts do
fail, you’ll break down, and the damaged belt can damage other accessories,
making the repair even more expensive.

Check your oil and get it changed regularly. Whether your car has a
dipstick to check the oil’s color and oil level or the dipstick has been
replaced with an electronic gauge, you should know how to check it.
Knowing the difference between clean oil and muddy, murky oil will save
you a ton on unnecessary changes and gives you a way to tell if something’s
wrong with your engine (e.g. the oil looks terrible but you just had it
changed). It’s hard to make a universal recommendation for how frequently
you should change your oil, but the answer is—as we mentioned—in your
owner’s manual. Don’t just blindly follow the 3,000 mile myth though—for
most vehicles it can be as high as 10,000 miles, depending on the oil your
vehicle calls for (something else that’s in the manual).

Check your battery and clean the contacts (if necessary). Most batteries
these days don’t require much in the way of maintenance, but you should
know where it is and check it to make sure it’s not leaking and there’s no
mineral or other buildup on the contacts. If there is, clean it off with a
battery cleaning brush. It will set you back a couple of bucks at any auto
parts or department store. Buy one and keep it in the trunk. While you’re at
it, consider buying a cheap battery tester or jump starter. You’ll never need
to call someone or wait for AAA (or a friendly passer-by) to give you a jump.

Replace your windshield wipers when the view gets streak-y. It may
seem silly, but I’ve known several people who just ignored their wipers until
they got them replaced as part of a bigger job. Wipers are cheap and easy to
replace yourself. Don’t wait until you can barely see through your
windshield. Your visibility is important, and you wouldn’t wait until you saw
an optometrist to clean your glasses, would you? While you’re at it, give your
windshield a good cleaning inside and out—if it’s hard to see, the problem
may be inside, not out.

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Replace your cabin air filter. Replacing a cabin air filter is probably one of
the easiest things you can do to keep your car comfortable. Most vehicles
make the cabin air filter easily accessible, and replacing it is as easy as
opening a box. You can get a fitting filter at any auto parts store. It may not
be critical to your car’s operation, but it’s easy, it makes the ride more
pleasant, and it’s a repair you’ll never have to pay someone else to do.

Replace your engine air filter. Getting to the engine air filter may be a little
trickier depending on the vehicle you have, but replacing it regularly is
important. Your owner’s manual will give you a mileage estimate for how
frequently you should replace your engine air filter, but if you can get to it,
check it. If it’s dirty, replace it. If you drive a ton, especially in stop-and-go
traffic or have a long commute, your engine air filter may get dirtier faster
than someone who drives open roads or only drives around on the
weekends. If you need help or your owner’s manual doesn’t lay out exactly
how to do it (although it should), this guide from Jalopnik can help.

Get your tires rotated and balanced, and your alignment checked. Your
manual will tell you how often to do this, and it’s important to do to make
sure your tires wear evenly and your car drives smoothly. You can make
your tires—which are expensive to replace all at once, by the way, take it
from someone who’s done it several times—last much longer by getting them
rotated and balanced. Your alignment is just as important. If you’re fighting
your car to keep it straight, that’s a bad situation that’s easily corrected.

Change your spark plugs. If your spark plugs are worn out or covered in
buildup, your engine isn’t working efficiently. That can cost you money in
fuel for one, but it can also lead to a breakdown. It may sound daunting, but
in some cases checking and replacing them isn’t that difficult. If you don’t
feel like doing it yourself (or it’s a big and complicated job for your vehicle),
follow your manual’s recommendation and get them changed regularly—for
most standard copper spark plugs and vehicles, that’s around 30,000 miles
(but again, it varies - some iridium plugs can last up to 100,000 miles).

These are just a few things that every vehicle needs, and almost all of
them are things you can do yourself. We can’t stress enough the importance
of checking your owner’s manual for anything we may have overlooked here,
or anything specific to your vehicle. If you don’t have your manual, you can
find it pretty easily online.

Chemical Waste Disposal

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste generated during
their work. Improper waste disposal may severely endanger public health
and/or the environment. The handling of hazardous waste must be
regulated from the moment of generation until its disposal at its offsite final
destination facility. A waste management system must be devised before
work begins on any laboratory activity. Users must comply with the rules
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and regulations of their institute's Environmental Health and Safety (EHS)
office, which develops and implements proper waste management systems
satisfying diverse regulations and standards, such as those imposed by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Heads of academic/administrative units and supervisory staff have a

particular responsibility for ensuring that all persons who generate chemical
waste dispose of it appropriately. This includes the development of waste
disposal procedures, communicating local requirements to staff and
students and ensuring that appropriate training is provided. The local safety
officer can also provide specific advice on for disposing of chemical waste.

1. Types of chemical waste

Chemical waste is treated according to its physical and chemical properties
therefore segregation of waste products is crucial. The mixing of
incompatible materials in waste streams can result in unwanted reactions,
such as the production of toxic gases or explosions and risk the lives of
everyone in the area.
In some instances, it may not be possible to dispose of the waste through
waste contractors, as they may not have the relevant licence or treatment
facilities. In this instance, the waste generator must investigate alternative
methods of disposal and if it is not possible to dispose of appropriately, the
activity should not be performed.
It is the responsibility of the person performing the activity to include
chemical waste disposal in risk assessments and produce procedures for
disposal prior to conducting the experimental work.
2. Waste disposal methods
The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) must be consulted for appropriate disposal
methods when conducting the risk assessment for any work that involves
the use of chemicals.
2.1 Licensed contractor
The preferred method of chemical waste disposal is to use an EPA licensed
waste contractor via the Monash Chemical Stores. This ensures that waste
is disposed of in a safe and environmentally responsible way. Waste must be
properly labelled, stored in a suitable container, and housed appropriately
until collection. Arrangements must be in place for waste to be collected
regularly by the licensed waste contractor for appropriate off-site treatment.
2.2 Treating waste at source/waste to sewer
In some instances chemical waste may be treated in-house, but only if the
material(s) convert to a non-hazardous product. Under no circumstances
should hazardous waste be allowed to enter drains or be disposed down
the sink. Dilution is not an acceptable alternative to appropriate disposal.
3. Labelling
All chemical waste containers must be labelled to accurately reflect their
contents. These labels are available at your chemical store or are linked
from this document and can be printed on Avery templates. The following
details must be hand written on the waste label:
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name of person responsible for the waste and contact details:
phone number
laboratory
description of waste details (including estimates of concentration where
possible)
date of generation
4. Waste classification
Waste streams align with the broad classification under the dangerous good
classification, but within these broad categories there are more specific
waste streams as there are often incompatibilities within the dangerous good
class; acids and alkaline materials being a prime example. Some frequently
generated waste streams are listed below. However, these only cover the
most common incompatibilities.

5. Further information
For further information, contact your local OH&S consultant/adviser or
Occupational Health and Safety:

Proper waste disposal begins with good waste management by the

researcher, including minimum waste generation, reusing surplus materials,
and recycling of appropriate (i.e., uncontaminated) waste. The generated
waste must be properly collected and stored, paying close attention to
labeling, segregating according to chemical compatibility, and accumulating
in a well-ventilated location. This location should be well labeled. Other
laboratory waste items such as sharps and glass must also be disposed of
with care in appropriately labeled and compatible containers.
PROCEDURE
1. Waste Management
Users should make an effort to keep waste to a minimum. The best way to
do so is by reducing the scale of operation, which minimizes the quantity of
waste generated. Whenever possible, chemicals used should be substituted
with less hazardous chemicals.
Chemical quantities should be kept to a minimum. Store only what will be
used in the near term.
Besides preventing or minimizing waste generation, chemicals should be
recycled or recovered for reuse.
When waste is generated, it must be disposed of properly. Sink disposal may
not always be appropriate and may end contaminating drinking water.
Alternative methods of disposal should be considered including incineration,
treatment, and land disposal. The institute's EHS office should be consulted
to determine the proper disposal method for different waste types.
2. Waste Collection and Storage
When generating or managing any chemical waste, appropriate personal
protective equipment (PPE) must be worn, and engineering controls should
be implemented as necessary.

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Collect and store chemical waste at or near the point of generation in a
designated satellite accumulation area. This accumulation area should be
well marked for easy identification.
Chemical waste must be stored in compatible containers with closed and
properly fitted caps.
Waste containers must be labeled mentioning chemical compositions, the
accumulation start date, and hazard warnings as appropriate. The
institute's EHS office typically provides these required labels.
Incompatible waste types should not be mixed and should be kept separate
in order to avoid any reaction, heat generation, and/or gas evolution.
Waste containers should be stored in secondary containers in a ventilated,
cool, and dry area.
In the central accumulation area, waste containers should be grounded to
avoid fire and explosion hazards.
Trained laboratory researchers who are most familiar with the waste
generated should work with EHS to ensure proper waste management.
3. Sharps Disposal - Syringes and Needles
Chemically contaminated needles, syringes, and razor blades should be
disposed of inside a proper sharps container.
Syringes or needles must never be disposed of in a laboratory waste bin or a
general waste container.
4. Glass Recycling
Recycling glass is friendly to the environment as it reduces pollution caused
by the waste ending up in landfill sites. Every laboratory should have a
separate recycling bin dedicated to glass.
Clean empty glass bottles and broken glassware may be recycled. To clean
an empty glass bottle, it must be "triple rinsed" with water or another
suitable solvent and air-dried before disposal.
Chemically contaminated laboratory glassware such as sample tubes,
droppers, and glass wool must be disposed of as controlled waste.

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 SELF- CHECK 1.1-1

Enumeration
Instruction: Give what is asked for the following statements
1. What are the parts of a car and their functions?
2. Why is proper disposal of waste important?
3. What are the advantages of proper waste disposal?
4. How do you deep clean a car? Site atleast 7.

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 ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
Enumeration
Instruction: Give what is asked for the following statements
1. What are the parts of a car and their functions?
- Some of the most important automobile components include the engine,
gearbox parts, drive axle, steering and suspension, brakes, and so forth.
In this article, we're going to take an in-depth look at the most important
automobile components andparts, discuss their importance, as well as
maintenance.

2. Why is proper disposal of waste important?

- The Importance of Proper Waste Disposal. Proper waste disposal is
critical due to the fact that certain types of wastes can be hazardous and
can contaminate the environment if not handled properly. These types
of waste also have the potential to cause disease or get into water
supplies

3. What are the advantages of proper waste disposal?

- Items are reprocessed and recycled to produce new products, helping
reduce further consumption of natural resources and at the same time, it
lowers the ultimate needs for waste disposal. Aside from the
environmental benefits of waste management, proper waste disposal is
also beneficial to health

4. How do you deep clean a car? Site atleast 8.

1. Wash your car with the right suds. ...
2. Pluck the finish. ...
3. Polish the finish. ...
4. Get a mirror finish with synthetic wax. ...
5. Suck up the dust as you go. ...
6. De-stink the interior. ...
7. Clean the leather. ...
8. Slide seats forward and clean out the junk.

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 TASK SHEET 1.1-1
Title: Clean vehicle unit
Performance Objective Given the following materials, should be able to
performed in cleaning vehicle.
Supplies/Materials:
 Cleaning materials
o Soap
o Car shampoo
o Clean water
o Absorbent cloth pail
o polisher
 steam cleaner
 air compressor
 vacuum pump
 light vehicle unit
Equipment :
Steps/Procedure:
Washing the cars according to the procedures cited above on How to
clean a car using appropriate car cleaning materials.
Assessment Method: DEMONSTRATION

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-1

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Actively engage on the task ahead
2. Performed step on how to massage hand.
3. OSH is observed
4. Adherence to the proper massage hand
5. All tools is properly prepared and clean.
6. Performed task within specified time limit

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