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DOCENTE:
INSTRUCTOR:
1.0 INTRODUCCIÓN 1
1
2.0 Importancia y usos de la sustancia
2
3.0 Simbología, unidades, constantes físicas y estado de
referencia
3
Zc 0.269
Reacciones químicas
4
refrigerante de absorber calor en el evaporador, pasando lo contrario cuando
se está cerca del punto crítico.
o Al tener en el estado de referencia la S y H con valores de cero en el punto
triple los valores de S y H en liquido comprimido a P1 y T1 serán positivos,
haciendo más fácil el manejo de las tablas generadas.
5
4.0 Ecuaciones de las propiedades termodinámicas de la
sustancia
Propiedades críticas.
En el caso de las propiedades críticas se van a tomar los datos de la tabla B.1 de
Smith Van Ness para el dióxido de azufre. Siendo Tc=430.8 K, Pc=78.84 bar,
Zc=0.269, =0.245, Tn=263.1 K.
Presión de vapor
𝐶2
ln(𝑃𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡 ) = 𝐶1 + + 𝐶3 ∗ ln(𝑇) + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 𝐶5
𝑇
Cálculo de volúmenes.
Líquido saturado.
6
según (Green & Perry, 2008) en la tabla 2-32 son: C1=2.106, C2=0.25842,
C3=430.75, C4=0.2895.
Líquido subenfriado.
𝑁 = [1.0 − 0.89𝜔1/2 ]𝑒 𝑘
1
𝑉𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
𝜌𝐿
Vapor saturado.
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
𝑃 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 ; 𝑞 =
𝑟 Ω𝑇𝑟
La solución iterativa inicia con el valor de Z=1 sustituido en el lado derecho. El valor
final de Z produce el valor del volumen mediante V=ZRT/P.
7
Fig. 1. Asignación de parámetro para las ecuaciones de estado. (Smith, Van Ness,
& Abbott, 2007)
Entalpía latente.
Propiedades residuales.
Utilizando las ecuaciones cúbicas de estado según (Smith, Van Ness, & Abbott,
2007) se obtiene:
𝐺𝑅
= 𝑍 − 1 − ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) − 𝑞𝐼
𝑅𝑇
𝐻𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
= 𝑍−1+[ − 1] 𝑞𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑑 ln 𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + 𝑞𝐼
𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝑇𝑟
8
1 𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽
𝐼= ln ( )
𝜎−𝜖 𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽
𝐶𝑃𝑙 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 ∗ 𝑇 + 𝐶3 ∗ 𝑇 2 + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 3 + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 4
Las unidades que se obtienen son J/kmol K para esta ecuación. Para el caso del
dióxido de carbono las constantes son: C1=85743 y C2=5.7443. Para temperaturas
inferiores al punto de ebullición normal, la presión es de 1 atm. Por encima del punto
de ebullición normal, la presión es la presión de vapor. En este caso, se va ocupar
esta ecuación pero respetando el rango de aplicación de la ecuación que va de
197.67 K a 350 a K.
𝐶𝑃𝑂
= 𝑎0 + 𝑎1𝑇 + 𝑎2𝑇 2 + 𝑎3𝑇 3 + 𝑎4𝑇 4
𝑅
Esta ecuación utiliza para temperaturas de 50 K hasta 1000 K. Las constantes son:
a0=4.417, a1=-2.234*10-3, a2=2.344*10-5, a3=-3.271*10-8, a4=1.393*10-11.
9
Correlación de DIPPR para el cálculo de la presión de vapor
𝐶2
ln(𝑃𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡 ) = 𝐶1 − + 𝐶3 ∗ ln(𝑇) + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 𝐶5
𝑇
4084.5 6
)+(−3.6469) ln(300)+(1.799𝑥10−17 )
𝑃𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑒 47.365+(− 300
𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑃𝑟300𝐾 = 425913 Pa = 0.425913 𝑀𝑃𝑎
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.425913 − 0.41725|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = = 2.07621%
0.41725
𝐶1
𝜌𝐿𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑇
[1+(1− )𝐶 ]
𝐶2 𝐶3 4
2.106
𝜌𝐿𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 300
0.25842[1+(1−430.75)0.2895]
10
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝜌𝐿𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 21.2457
𝑑𝑚3
𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑡
1 𝑑𝑚3
𝑣300𝐾 = = 0.047068
𝜌𝐿𝑠𝑎𝑡 300𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.04706 − 0.047021|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.031%
0.047021
𝑁 = [1.0 − 0.89𝜔1/2 ]𝑒 𝑘
1 𝑇
𝑉𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝜌 𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇𝑐
𝐿
300
𝑇𝑟 = = 0.69637
430.8
𝐾 = −2.67158
𝑁 = 0.038685
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝜌𝐿 = 21.3711
𝑑𝑚3
1 𝑑𝑚3
𝑉𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑡 = = 0046702
𝜌𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.046702 − 0.046686|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.0327%
0.046686
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
12
𝑃 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 ; 𝑞 =
𝑟 Ω𝑇𝑟
1 2
2)
𝛼𝑆𝑅𝐾(𝑇𝑟 ; 𝜔) = [1 + (0.480 + 1.574𝜔 − 0.176𝜔 (1 − 𝑇𝑟 2 )]
𝑃 𝑇
Pr = 𝑃 𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇
𝑐 𝐶
4.25913𝑏𝑎𝑟
Pr = = 0.057447
78.84𝑏𝑎𝑟
300
𝑇𝑟 = = 0.6937
430.8
0.057447
𝛽 = 0.08664 = 0.00717
0.6937
1 2
𝛼𝑆𝑅𝐾(𝑇𝑟 ; 𝜔) = [1 + (0.480 + 1.574(0.245) − 0.176(0.245)2 ) (1 − 0.69372 )] =
1.3142
0.45724 (1.3142)
𝑞= = 9.9980
0.08664(0.6937)
1 − 0.00717
𝑍 = 1 + 0.00717 − (9.9980)0.00717
(1 + 0(0.00717))(1 + 1(0.00717))
Z1= 0.936462
Z2= 0.931361
Z3=0.931328
13
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|5.45398 − 5.5366|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 1.4923%
5.5366
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.046702 − 0.046686|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.0327%
0.046686
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
𝑃 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 ; 𝑞 =
𝑟 Ω𝑇𝑟
1 2
𝛼𝑆𝑅𝐾(𝑇𝑟 ; 𝜔) = [1 + (0.480 + 1.574𝜔 − 0.176𝜔2 ) (1 − 𝑇𝑟 2 )]
𝑃 𝑇
Pr = 𝑃 𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇
𝑐 𝐶
1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
Pr = = 0.012683917
78.84𝑏𝑎𝑟
300
𝑇𝑟 = = 0.6937
430.8
0.0126839
𝛽 = 0.08664 = 0.00158416
0.6937
1 2
𝛼𝑆𝑅𝐾(𝑇𝑟 ; 𝜔) = [1 + (0.480 + 1.574(0.245) − 0.176(0.245)2 ) (1 − 0.69372 )] =
1.3142
14
0.45724 (1.3142)
𝑞= = 9.9980
0.08664(0.6937)
1 − 0.00158416
𝑍 = 1 + 0.001584 − (9.9980)0.00158416
(1 + 0(0.00158416))(1 + 1(0.00158416))
Z1= 0.98556
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|24.58183 − 24.532|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.2031%
24.532
C1=3.676x10^7 C2=0.4
2 3
∆Hv =C1*(1-Tr )C2+C3*Tr +C4*Tr +C5*Tr
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|22.889993 − 22.6591|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 1.0628%
22.6591
15
𝐶𝑃𝑙 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 ∗ 𝑇 + 𝐶3 ∗ 𝑇 2 + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 3 + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 4
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.087466 − 0.088566|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 1.2420%
0.088566
16
5.0 Tabla de propiedades termodinámicas de la región de saturación
17
11.63944 223.46 36.07796 464.3296 0.17664 2.0931 0.0007218 2.483182 -3.394657 -3.394657 36.0696 435.4268
12.56228 224.64 37.75264 465.0349 0.18423 2.0863 0.0007229 2.312315 -3.631114 -3.631114 37.7436 435.9869
13.54626 225.81 39.43029 465.7397 0.19178 2.0797 0.0007240 2.155035 -3.874544 -3.874544 39.4205 436.5471
14.59456 226.98 41.11088 466.4442 0.19930 2.0732 0.0007251 2.010130 -4.124930 -4.124930 41.1003 437.1073
15.71049 228.15 42.79440 467.1483 0.20678 2.0668 0.0007263 1.876508 -4.382256 -4.382256 42.7830 437.6674
16.89746 229.32 44.48083 467.8519 0.21423 2.0604 0.0007274 1.753182 -4.646505 -4.646505 44.4685 438.2275
18.15899 230.49 46.17017 468.5549 0.22165 2.0542 0.0007285 1.639260 -4.917663 -4.917663 46.1569 438.7876
19.49873 231.66 47.86239 469.2573 0.22903 2.0480 0.0007297 1.533937 -5.195714 -5.195714 47.8482 439.3475
20.92045 232.83 49.55749 469.9592 0.23638 2.0420 0.0007309 1.436482 -5.480644 -5.480644 49.5422 439.9073
22.42803 234.00 51.25543 470.6603 0.24370 2.0360 0.0007321 1.346234 -5.772440 -5.772440 51.2390 440.4669
24.02550 235.18 52.95621 471.3607 0.25099 2.0301 0.0007333 1.262591 -6.071088 -6.071088 52.9386 441.0263
25.71696 236.35 54.65980 472.0603 0.25825 2.0243 0.0007345 1.185009 -6.376576 -6.376576 54.6409 441.5855
27.50669 237.52 56.36619 472.7591 0.26548 2.0186 0.0007357 1.112991 -6.688892 -6.688892 56.3460 442.1444
29.39905 238.69 58.07536 473.4570 0.27267 2.0129 0.0007369 1.046088 -7.008025 -7.008025 58.0537 442.7030
31.39856 239.86 59.78728 474.1539 0.27984 2.0074 0.0007381 0.983889 -7.333962 -7.333962 59.7641 443.2612
33.50983 241.03 61.50194 474.8499 0.28697 2.0019 0.0007394 0.926020 -7.666694 -7.666694 61.4772 443.8191
35.73764 242.20 63.21932 475.5447 0.29407 1.9965 0.0007406 0.872139 -8.006210 -8.006210 63.1929 444.3765
38.08685 243.37 64.93939 476.2385 0.30115 1.9911 0.0007419 0.821936 -8.352501 -8.352501 64.9111 444.9335
40.56249 244.54 66.66213 476.9310 0.30820 1.9859 0.0007432 0.775126 -8.705557 -8.705557 66.6320 445.4900
43.16968 245.72 68.38753 477.6224 0.31521 1.9807 0.0007445 0.731449 -9.065369 -9.065369 68.3554 446.0459
45.91370 246.89 70.11555 478.3124 0.32220 1.9756 0.0007458 0.690667 -9.431929 -9.431929 70.0813 446.6013
48.79993 248.06 71.84617 479.0010 0.32916 1.9705 0.0007471 0.652562 -9.805229 -9.805229 71.8097 447.1560
51.83389 249.23 73.57937 479.6882 0.33610 1.9656 0.0007485 0.616934 -10.185261 -10.185261 73.5406 447.7101
55.02124 250.40 75.31513 480.3739 0.34300 1.9606 0.0007498 0.583600 -10.572017 -10.572017 75.2739 448.2635
58.36774 251.57 77.05343 481.0580 0.34988 1.9558 0.0007512 0.552393 -10.965490 -10.965490 77.0096 448.8161
61.87930 252.74 78.79423 481.7405 0.35673 1.9510 0.0007525 0.523157 -11.365674 -11.365674 78.7477 449.3679
65.56195 253.91 80.53751 482.4213 0.36355 1.9463 0.0007539 0.495752 -11.772563 -11.772563 80.4881 449.9189
69.42184 255.08 82.28326 483.1004 0.37035 1.9417 0.0007553 0.470045 -12.186148 -12.186148 82.2308 450.4690
18
73.46524 256.26 84.03144 483.7776 0.37712 1.9371 0.0007567 0.445917 -12.606426 -12.606426 83.9758 451.0181
77.69858 257.43 85.78203 484.4528 0.38386 1.9325 0.0007582 0.423258 -13.033390 -13.033390 85.7231 451.5663
82.12836 258.60 87.53500 485.1261 0.39058 1.9281 0.0007596 0.401964 -13.467034 -13.467034 87.4726 452.1135
86.76125 259.77 89.29034 485.7974 0.39727 1.9237 0.0007611 0.381943 -13.907354 -13.907354 89.2243 452.6595
91.60402 260.94 91.04801 486.4665 0.40393 1.9193 0.0007626 0.363107 -14.354344 -14.354344 90.9782 453.2044
96.66356 262.11 92.80799 487.1334 0.41057 1.9150 0.0007640 0.345375 -14.807999 -14.807999 92.7341 453.7482
101.94688 263.28 94.57025 487.7980 0.41719 1.9108 0.0007655 0.328674 -15.268315 -15.268315 94.4922 454.2907
107.46113 264.45 96.33478 488.4603 0.42378 1.9066 0.0007671 0.312935 -15.735287 -15.735287 96.2523 454.8319
113.21354 265.62 98.10154 489.1201 0.43035 1.9024 0.0007686 0.298094 -16.208911 -16.208911 98.0145 455.3718
119.21149 266.80 99.87051 489.7774 0.43689 1.8983 0.0007702 0.284093 -16.689182 -16.689182 99.7787 455.9103
125.46245 267.97 101.64167 490.4322 0.44341 1.8943 0.0007717 0.270876 -17.176096 -17.176096 101.5448 456.4474
131.97403 269.14 103.41499 491.0843 0.44990 1.8903 0.0007733 0.258394 -17.669650 -17.669650 103.3129 456.9829
138.75391 270.31 105.19045 491.7336 0.45637 1.8864 0.0007749 0.246600 -18.169838 -18.169838 105.0829 457.5169
145.80993 271.48 106.96802 492.3801 0.46281 1.8825 0.0007765 0.235449 -18.676657 -18.676657 106.8548 458.0493
153.14999 272.65 108.74769 493.0237 0.46924 1.8786 0.0007782 0.224901 -19.190103 -19.190103 108.6285 458.5800
160.78214 273.82 110.52942 493.6643 0.47564 1.8748 0.0007798 0.214920 -19.710173 -19.710173 110.4040 459.1090
168.71450 274.99 112.31320 494.3018 0.48201 1.8711 0.0007815 0.205469 -20.236861 -20.236861 112.1814 459.6363
176.95530 276.16 114.09901 494.9362 0.48837 1.8674 0.0007832 0.196516 -20.770165 -20.770165 113.9604 460.1616
185.51288 277.34 115.88682 495.5673 0.49470 1.8637 0.0007849 0.188031 -21.310081 -21.310081 115.7412 460.6851
194.39569 278.51 117.67661 496.1951 0.50101 1.8601 0.0007866 0.179986 -21.856604 -21.856604 117.5237 461.2066
203.61223 279.68 119.46837 496.8195 0.50729 1.8565 0.0007884 0.172354 -22.409730 -22.409730 119.3079 461.7261
213.17114 280.85 121.26207 497.4404 0.51356 1.8530 0.0007901 0.165111 -22.969456 -22.969456 121.0936 462.2435
223.08114 282.02 123.05769 498.0577 0.51980 1.8495 0.0007919 0.158234 -23.535778 -23.535778 122.8810 462.7587
233.35103 283.19 124.85521 498.6713 0.52602 1.8460 0.0007937 0.151701 -24.108690 -24.108690 124.6700 463.2718
243.98969 284.36 126.65462 499.2811 0.53222 1.8426 0.0007955 0.145492 -24.688190 -24.688190 126.4605 463.7825
255.00612 285.53 128.45591 499.8871 0.53840 1.8392 0.0007974 0.139589 -25.274273 -25.274273 128.2526 464.2910
266.40936 286.70 130.25904 500.4892 0.54455 1.8359 0.0007993 0.133975 -25.866933 -25.866933 130.0461 464.7970
278.20856 287.88 132.06402 501.0872 0.55069 1.8326 0.0008011 0.128632 -26.466168 -26.466168 131.8411 465.3006
19
290.41294 289.05 133.87081 501.6811 0.55681 1.8293 0.0008031 0.123547 -27.071971 -27.071971 133.6376 465.8016
303.03179 290.22 135.67942 502.2708 0.56290 1.8261 0.0008050 0.118703 -27.684338 -27.684338 135.4355 466.3000
316.07448 291.39 137.48983 502.8562 0.56898 1.8229 0.0008070 0.114088 -28.303264 -28.303264 137.2348 466.7958
329.55045 292.56 139.30202 503.4371 0.57503 1.8197 0.0008089 0.109690 -28.928744 -28.928744 139.0354 467.2888
343.46920 293.73 141.11599 504.0136 0.58107 1.8165 0.0008109 0.105496 -29.560772 -29.560772 140.8375 467.7790
357.84031 294.90 142.93172 504.5854 0.58708 1.8134 0.0008130 0.101495 -30.199344 -30.199344 142.6408 468.2663
372.67341 296.07 144.74921 505.1526 0.59308 1.8104 0.0008150 0.097678 -30.844452 -30.844452 144.4455 468.7507
387.97820 297.24 146.56845 505.7150 0.59905 1.8073 0.0008171 0.094033 -31.496091 -31.496091 146.2514 469.2321
403.76443 298.42 148.38943 506.2725 0.60501 1.8043 0.0008192 0.090553 -32.154256 -32.154256 148.0587 469.7103
420.04192 299.59 150.21215 506.8250 0.61095 1.8013 0.0008213 0.087228 -32.818938 -32.818938 149.8672 470.1854
436.82053 300.76 152.03661 507.3724 0.61687 1.7983 0.0008235 0.084051 -33.490133 -33.490133 151.6769 470.6573
454.11018 301.93 153.86280 507.9146 0.62277 1.7954 0.0008257 0.081013 -34.167833 -34.167833 153.4879 471.1258
471.92084 303.10 155.69072 508.4515 0.62865 1.7925 0.0008279 0.078108 -34.852030 -34.852030 155.3000 471.5910
490.26251 304.27 157.52037 508.9831 0.63451 1.7896 0.0008301 0.075328 -35.542718 -35.542718 157.1134 472.0526
509.14526 305.44 159.35176 509.5091 0.64036 1.7868 0.0008324 0.072668 -36.239888 -36.239888 158.9280 472.5108
528.57918 306.61 161.18489 510.0296 0.64618 1.7839 0.0008347 0.070121 -36.943534 -36.943534 160.7437 472.9652
548.57441 307.78 163.01975 510.5443 0.65199 1.7811 0.0008370 0.067681 -37.653646 -37.653646 162.5606 473.4160
569.14112 308.96 164.85637 511.0532 0.65779 1.7783 0.0008394 0.065344 -38.370216 -38.370216 164.3787 473.8630
590.28953 310.13 166.69475 511.5562 0.66356 1.7756 0.0008417 0.063105 -39.093236 -39.093236 166.1979 474.3061
612.02988 311.30 168.53489 512.0531 0.66932 1.7728 0.0008442 0.060958 -39.822696 -39.822696 168.0182 474.7453
634.37243 312.47 170.37682 512.5440 0.67506 1.7701 0.0008466 0.058898 -40.558588 -40.558588 169.8398 475.1804
657.32751 313.64 172.22054 513.0285 0.68079 1.7674 0.0008491 0.056923 -41.300900 -41.300900 171.6624 475.6114
680.90542 314.81 174.06606 513.5067 0.68649 1.7647 0.0008516 0.055028 -42.049624 -42.049624 173.4862 476.0381
705.11653 315.98 175.91342 513.9784 0.69219 1.7621 0.0008542 0.053208 -42.804750 -42.804750 175.3111 476.4606
729.97121 317.15 177.76262 514.4435 0.69786 1.7594 0.0008567 0.051461 -43.566265 -43.566265 177.1372 476.8787
755.47986 318.32 179.61368 514.9019 0.70352 1.7568 0.0008594 0.049782 -44.334161 -44.334161 178.9645 477.2922
781.65289 319.49 181.46664 515.3534 0.70917 1.7542 0.0008620 0.048170 -45.108425 -45.108425 180.7928 477.7012
808.50074 320.67 183.32152 515.7980 0.71480 1.7516 0.0008647 0.046620 -45.889046 -45.889046 182.6224 478.1055
20
836.03384 321.84 185.17834 516.2355 0.72041 1.7491 0.0008674 0.045130 -46.676012 -46.676012 184.4531 478.5051
864.26266 323.01 187.03713 516.6657 0.72601 1.7465 0.0008702 0.043697 -47.469310 -47.469310 186.2850 478.8997
893.19767 324.18 188.89794 517.0887 0.73159 1.7440 0.0008730 0.042319 -48.268929 -48.268929 188.1182 479.2894
922.84935 325.35 190.76079 517.5041 0.73716 1.7414 0.0008759 0.040993 -49.074856 -49.074856 189.9525 479.6740
953.22819 326.52 192.62573 517.9120 0.74272 1.7389 0.0008788 0.039716 -49.887076 -49.887076 191.7881 480.0534
984.34469 327.69 194.49279 518.3122 0.74826 1.7364 0.0008817 0.038487 -50.705578 -50.705578 193.6249 480.4276
1016.20935 328.86 196.36202 518.7044 0.75378 1.7340 0.0008847 0.037303 -51.530346 -51.530346 195.4630 480.7963
1048.83268 330.03 198.23346 519.0887 0.75930 1.7315 0.0008877 0.036163 -52.361366 -52.361366 197.3024 481.1596
1082.22519 331.21 200.10716 519.4648 0.76480 1.7290 0.0008908 0.035064 -53.198625 -53.198625 199.1431 481.5172
1116.39739 332.38 201.98319 519.8326 0.77029 1.7266 0.0008939 0.034005 -54.042107 -54.042107 200.9852 481.8691
1151.35979 333.55 203.86158 520.1920 0.77576 1.7241 0.0008971 0.032984 -54.891796 -54.891796 202.8287 482.2151
1187.12291 334.72 205.74241 520.5428 0.78122 1.7217 0.0009003 0.032000 -55.747678 -55.747678 204.6737 482.5552
1223.69727 335.89 207.62574 520.8849 0.78667 1.7193 0.0009035 0.031050 -56.609737 -56.609737 206.5201 482.8892
1261.09336 337.06 209.51162 521.2180 0.79211 1.7169 0.0009069 0.030133 -57.477955 -57.477955 208.3680 483.2169
1299.32171 338.23 211.40014 521.5421 0.79754 1.7145 0.0009102 0.029249 -58.352317 -58.352317 210.2175 483.5383
1338.39281 339.40 213.29137 521.8570 0.80295 1.7121 0.0009137 0.028395 -59.232805 -59.232805 212.0685 483.8532
1378.31717 340.57 215.18538 522.1625 0.80835 1.7097 0.0009171 0.027571 -60.119403 -60.119403 213.9213 484.1615
1419.10529 341.75 217.08226 522.4585 0.81375 1.7073 0.0009207 0.026774 -61.012092 -61.012092 215.7757 484.4631
1460.76766 342.92 218.98210 522.7447 0.81913 1.7049 0.0009243 0.026005 -61.910855 -61.910855 217.6319 484.7577
1503.31477 344.09 220.88498 523.0209 0.82450 1.7026 0.0009279 0.025261 -62.815673 -62.815673 219.4900 485.0453
1546.75710 345.26 222.79100 523.2871 0.82986 1.7002 0.0009316 0.024543 -63.726528 -63.726528 221.3500 485.3257
1591.10513 346.43 224.70027 523.5430 0.83521 1.6978 0.0009354 0.023848 -64.643401 -64.643401 223.2119 485.5987
1636.36933 347.60 226.61289 523.7884 0.84056 1.6955 0.0009393 0.023176 -65.566273 -65.566273 225.0759 485.8642
1682.56018 348.77 228.52897 524.0232 0.84589 1.6931 0.0009432 0.022526 -66.495123 -66.495123 226.9420 486.1221
1729.68814 349.94 230.44864 524.2470 0.85122 1.6908 0.0009472 0.021897 -67.429933 -67.429933 228.8103 486.3721
1777.76366 351.11 232.37201 524.4597 0.85654 1.6884 0.0009512 0.021288 -68.370681 -68.370681 230.6809 486.6140
1826.79720 352.29 234.29923 524.6612 0.86185 1.6861 0.0009554 0.020699 -69.317347 -69.317347 232.5540 486.8478
1876.79921 353.46 236.23042 524.8510 0.86715 1.6837 0.0009596 0.020129 -70.269911 -70.269911 234.4295 487.0731
21
1927.78014 354.63 238.16572 525.0291 0.87245 1.6814 0.0009639 0.019577 -71.228351 -71.228351 236.3076 487.2899
1979.75044 355.80 240.10531 525.1951 0.87774 1.6790 0.0009682 0.019041 -72.192646 -72.192646 238.1885 487.4979
2032.72055 356.97 242.04932 525.3489 0.88302 1.6766 0.0009727 0.018523 -73.162774 -73.162774 240.0722 487.6969
2086.70091 358.14 243.99794 525.4902 0.88830 1.6743 0.0009772 0.018021 -74.138713 -74.138713 241.9588 487.8867
2141.70196 359.31 245.95133 525.6186 0.89357 1.6719 0.0009818 0.017534 -75.120440 -75.120440 243.8486 488.0670
2197.73416 360.48 247.90970 525.7340 0.89884 1.6695 0.0009865 0.017061 -76.107933 -76.107933 245.7415 488.2377
2254.80794 361.65 249.87322 525.8360 0.90411 1.6672 0.0009913 0.016603 -77.101168 -77.101168 247.6379 488.3986
2312.93376 362.83 251.84212 525.9244 0.90937 1.6648 0.0009963 0.016159 -78.100124 -78.100124 249.5378 488.5492
2372.12207 364.00 253.81660 525.9988 0.91463 1.6624 0.0010013 0.015728 -79.104775 -79.104775 251.4415 488.6895
2432.38333 365.17 255.79690 526.0589 0.91988 1.6600 0.0010064 0.015310 -80.115099 -80.115099 253.3490 488.8191
2493.72802 366.34 257.78326 526.1044 0.92514 1.6576 0.0010116 0.014904 -81.131070 -81.131070 255.2606 488.9377
2556.16662 367.51 259.77594 526.1349 0.93039 1.6552 0.0010169 0.014510 -82.152666 -82.152666 257.1765 489.0451
2619.70961 368.68 261.77521 526.1500 0.93565 1.6527 0.0010224 0.014127 -83.179861 -83.179861 259.0969 489.1410
2684.36751 369.85 263.78135 526.1495 0.94090 1.6503 0.0010279 0.013755 -84.212630 -84.212630 261.0220 489.2250
2750.15083 371.02 265.79467 526.1328 0.94615 1.6478 0.0010336 0.013394 -85.250949 -85.250949 262.9521 489.2968
2817.07012 372.19 267.81549 526.0996 0.95141 1.6454 0.0010394 0.013043 -86.294791 -86.294791 264.8873 489.3561
2885.13592 373.37 269.84415 526.0495 0.95667 1.6429 0.0010454 0.012702 -87.344132 -87.344132 266.8280 489.4024
2954.35884 374.54 271.88100 525.9819 0.96193 1.6404 0.0010515 0.012370 -88.398945 -88.398945 268.7745 489.4355
3024.74947 375.71 273.92643 525.8965 0.96720 1.6379 0.0010577 0.012048 -89.459205 -89.459205 270.7271 489.4549
3096.31844 376.88 275.98084 525.7926 0.97248 1.6353 0.0010641 0.011734 -90.524884 -90.524884 272.6860 489.4602
3169.07642 378.05 278.04467 525.6698 0.97776 1.6328 0.0010707 0.011429 -91.595958 -91.595958 274.6516 489.4510
3243.03411 379.22 280.11837 525.5276 0.98304 1.6302 0.0010774 0.011132 -92.672398 -92.672398 276.6244 489.4267
3318.20225 380.39 282.20244 525.3652 0.98834 1.6276 0.0010843 0.010843 -93.754178 -93.754178 278.6046 489.3869
3394.59159 381.56 284.29740 525.1822 0.99364 1.6250 0.0010913 0.010561 -94.841270 -94.841270 280.5927 489.3311
3472.21297 382.73 286.40380 524.9779 0.99896 1.6223 0.0010986 0.010287 -95.933648 -95.933648 282.5892 489.2587
3551.07723 383.91 288.52224 524.7515 1.00429 1.6196 0.0011060 0.010020 -97.031284 -97.031284 284.5946 489.1692
3631.19529 385.08 290.65337 524.5024 1.00964 1.6169 0.0011137 0.009760 -98.134149 -98.134149 286.6093 489.0619
3712.57811 386.25 292.79786 524.2297 1.01500 1.6142 0.0011216 0.009506 -99.242216 -99.242216 288.6339 488.9362
22
3795.23671 387.42 294.95647 523.9327 1.02037 1.6114 0.0011297 0.009259 -100.355457 -100.355457 290.6691 488.7914
3879.18215 388.59 297.12998 523.6104 1.02577 1.6086 0.0011380 0.009018 -101.473844 -101.473844 292.7154 488.6266
3964.42559 389.76 299.31926 523.2620 1.03119 1.6058 0.0011466 0.008783 -102.597347 -102.597347 294.7736 488.4413
4050.97822 390.93 301.52524 522.8863 1.03663 1.6029 0.0011555 0.008554 -103.725938 -103.725938 296.8445 488.2344
4138.85133 392.10 303.74891 522.4824 1.04209 1.5999 0.0011646 0.008330 -104.859589 -104.859589 298.9288 488.0052
4228.05627 393.27 305.99139 522.0491 1.04759 1.5970 0.0011740 0.008112 -105.998269 -105.998269 301.0276 487.7525
4318.60448 394.45 308.25386 521.5851 1.05311 1.5940 0.0011838 0.007898 -107.141950 -107.141950 303.1417 487.4754
4410.50746 395.62 310.53762 521.0891 1.05867 1.5909 0.0011938 0.007690 -108.290603 -108.290603 305.2722 487.1728
4503.77684 396.79 312.84410 520.5596 1.06427 1.5878 0.0012043 0.007486 -109.444197 -109.444197 307.4204 486.8433
4598.42430 397.96 315.17486 519.9951 1.06990 1.5846 0.0012151 0.007287 -110.602702 -110.602702 309.5875 486.4858
4694.46165 399.13 317.53163 519.3939 1.07558 1.5813 0.0012263 0.007092 -111.766090 -111.766090 311.7750 486.0987
4791.90079 400.30 319.91631 518.7542 1.08131 1.5780 0.0012379 0.006902 -112.934328 -112.934328 313.9844 485.6805
4890.75374 401.47 322.33102 518.0738 1.08709 1.5747 0.0012500 0.006716 -114.107388 -114.107388 316.2177 485.2295
4991.03261 402.64 324.77812 517.3506 1.09294 1.5712 0.0012626 0.006533 -115.285237 -115.285237 318.4766 484.7438
5092.74964 403.81 327.26024 516.5821 1.09884 1.5677 0.0012757 0.006354 -116.467846 -116.467846 320.7636 484.2213
5195.91721 404.99 329.78034 515.7657 1.10482 1.5641 0.0012894 0.006179 -117.655182 -117.655182 323.0810 483.6598
5300.54781 406.16 332.34177 514.8983 1.11087 1.5603 0.0013037 0.006007 -118.847215 -118.847215 325.4317 483.0567
5406.65408 407.33 334.94834 513.9767 1.11702 1.5565 0.0013186 0.005839 -120.043912 -120.043912 327.8190 482.4091
5514.24878 408.50 337.60440 512.9970 1.12326 1.5526 0.0013343 0.005673 -121.245241 -121.245241 330.2465 481.7140
5623.34484 409.67 340.31495 511.9550 1.12961 1.5486 0.0013509 0.005510 -122.451170 -122.451170 332.7186 480.9677
5733.95533 410.84 343.08580 510.8461 1.13608 1.5444 0.0013683 0.005351 -123.661664 -123.661664 335.2402 480.1663
5846.09348 412.01 345.92374 509.6649 1.14269 1.5401 0.0013867 0.005193 -124.876690 -124.876690 337.8172 479.3051
5959.77270 413.18 348.83678 508.4050 1.14945 1.5356 0.0014061 0.005038 -126.096214 -126.096214 340.4565 478.3788
6075.00656 414.35 351.83450 507.0593 1.15639 1.5310 0.0014269 0.004885 -127.320200 -127.320200 343.1663 477.3813
6191.80880 415.53 354.92845 505.6194 1.16353 1.5262 0.0014490 0.004734 -128.548611 -128.548611 345.9567 476.3056
6310.19337 416.70 358.13279 504.0754 1.17091 1.5211 0.0014727 0.004585 -129.781410 -129.781410 348.8401 475.1431
6430.17438 417.87 361.46513 502.4157 1.17856 1.5159 0.0014982 0.004437 -131.018556 -131.018556 351.8317 473.8839
6551.76618 419.04 364.94783 500.6259 1.18654 1.5103 0.0015258 0.004290 -132.260008 -132.260008 354.9512 472.5158
23
6674.98331 420.21 368.60991 498.6888 1.19492 1.5045 0.0015559 0.004145 -133.505720 -133.505720 358.2241 471.0239
6799.84050 421.38 372.49009 496.5826 1.20377 1.4983 0.0015891 0.003999 -134.755645 -134.755645 361.6845 469.3899
6926.35273 422.55 376.64177 494.2801 1.21323 1.4916 0.0016259 0.003853 -136.009728 -136.009728 365.3799 467.5902
7054.53521 423.72 381.14189 491.7457 1.22346 1.4845 0.0016674 0.003707 -137.267907 -137.267907 369.3792 465.5943
7184.40338 424.89 386.10763 488.9324 1.23475 1.4767 0.0017147 0.003559 -138.530108 -138.530108 373.7885 463.3617
7315.97293 426.07 391.73145 485.7760 1.24753 1.4683 0.0017695 0.003409 -139.796240 -139.796240 378.7855 460.8369
7449.25979 427.24 398.36568 482.1877 1.26261 1.4588 0.0018340 0.003255 -141.066181 -141.066181 384.7040 457.9427
7584.28017 428.41 406.77436 478.0468 1.28176 1.4481 0.0019099 0.003095 -142.339752 -142.339752 392.2889 454.5726
7721.05055 429.58 419.21234 473.2268 1.31019 1.4359 0.0019977 0.002929 -143.616661 -143.616661 403.7877 450.6094
7859.58767 430.75 467.81957 467.8196 1.42244 1.4224 0.0020933 0.002763 -144.896343 -144.896343 451.3670 446.1068
24
6.0 Tabla de propiedades termodinámicas de la región de vapor sobrecalentado
T P V H S U G A
K kPa 𝒎𝟑 /𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲 kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg
222.7 11.068651 2.6026212 460.22331 2.0796146 431.41581 -2.906853 -31.714358
222.7 10.568651 2.7261503 460.2301 2.0856439 431.41837 -4.2427928 -33.054523
222.7 10.068651 2.861948 460.23688 2.091964 431.42093 -5.6434905 -34.459445
222.7 9.5686507 3.0119374 460.24367 2.0986045 431.42349 -7.1155456 -35.935723
222.7 9.0686507 3.1784661 460.25045 2.1055998 431.42605 -8.666621 -37.491019
222.7 8.5686507 3.3644292 460.25722 2.1129902 431.42861 -10.305684 -39.134303
222.7 8.0686507 3.5734399 460.264 2.1208232 431.43116 -12.043321 -40.876159
222.7 7.5686507 3.8100657 460.27078 2.1291555 431.43372 -13.892152 -42.729209
222.7 7.0686507 4.0801667 460.27755 2.1380554 431.43627 -15.867387 -44.70866
222.7 6.5686507 4.3913873 460.28432 2.1476062 431.43883 -17.987587 -46.833076
222.7 6.0686507 4.753891 460.29109 2.1579112 431.44138 -20.275728 -49.125432
222.7 5.5686507 5.1814917 460.29785 2.1691 431.44394 -22.760722 -51.614639
222.7 5.0686507 5.6934541 460.30462 2.1813394 431.44649 -25.479656 -54.337786
25
222.7 4.5686507 6.317476 460.31138 2.1948477 431.44904 -28.481199 -57.34354
222.7 4.0686507 7.0948709 460.31814 2.2099198 431.45159 -31.830988 -60.697539
222.7 3.5686507 8.0901055 460.3249 2.2269666 431.45414 -35.62057 -64.491331
222.7 3.0686507 9.4096629 460.33166 2.2465864 431.45669 -39.983132 -68.8581
T P V H S U G A
K kPa 𝒎𝟑 /𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲 kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg
272.7 153.46503 0.2244689 486.15235 1.8437667 451.70423 -16.642835 -51.090962
272.7 62.965032 0.5560022 487.13127 1.9630051 452.12258 -48.18023 -83.188927
26
297.7 92.567769 0.4121768 502.09759 1.9657189 463.9433 -83.096936 -121.25123
27
347.7 1319.22 0.0299594 523.97741 1.6907246 484.45438 -63.887541 -103.41057
347.7 1158.72 0.0347612 525.52282 1.7122319 485.24433 -69.820198 -110.09868
347.7 998.21999 0.0410822 527.01044 1.7360441 486.00134 -76.61209 -117.62119
347.7 837.71999 0.0497987 528.44613 1.7630685 486.72876 -84.572789 -126.29016
347.7 677.21999 0.0626169 529.83485 1.794778 487.42944 -94.209463 -136.61487
347.7 516.71999 0.0833624 531.18079 1.833837 488.10578 -106.44433 -149.51934
347.7 356.21999 0.1227549 532.48758 1.8859237 488.75985 -123.24809 -166.97582
347.7 195.71999 0.2266755 533.75835 1.9673305 489.39343 -150.28245 -194.64737
347.7 35.219985 1.2773351 534.99584 2.1934755 490.00811 -227.67558 -272.66331
T P V H S U G A
K kPa 𝒎𝟑 /𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲 kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg
372.7 2846.3006 0.0128966 526.92065 1.5999948 490.21295 -69.397406 -106.1051
372.7 2630.8006 0.0143846 529.47634 1.6177742 491.63342 -73.468097 -111.31102
372.7 2415.3006 0.0161103 531.86004 1.6358385 492.94883 -77.816984 -116.72819
372.7 2199.8006 0.0181489 534.1014 1.6544561 494.17742 -82.514411 -122.43838
372.7 1984.3006 0.0206066 536.22246 1.6739188 495.33272 -87.64706 -128.53681
372.7 1768.8006 0.0236403 538.24014 1.6945738 496.42507 -93.32753 -135.14259
28
372.7 1553.3006 0.0274931 540.16772 1.7168687 497.46265 -99.709265 -142.41433
372.7 1337.8006 0.0325638 542.01587 1.7414221 498.45198 -107.01213 -150.57603
372.7 1122.3006 0.0395571 543.79335 1.7691537 499.39842 -115.57024 -159.96517
372.7 906.80061 0.0498467 545.50738 1.8015519 500.30639 -125.93103 -171.13202
372.7 691.30061 0.0665187 547.16407 1.8413069 501.17963 -139.091 -185.07544
372.7 475.80061 0.0982498 548.76859 1.8941584 502.0213 -157.18424 -203.93154
372.7 260.30061 0.1824479 550.32541 1.9766495 502.83411 -186.37187 -233.86316
372.7 44.800614 1.0762783 551.83836 2.2090771 503.62043 -271.48467 -319.7026
29
397.7 2293.3801 0.0192801 552.83413 1.7012782 508.61759 -123.7642 -167.98073
397.7 2007.8801 0.0225323 555.19571 1.7247519 509.95354 -130.73811 -175.98028
397.7 1722.3801 0.0268414 557.45313 1.7505583 511.22196 -138.74393 -184.97509
397.7 1436.8801 0.0328403 559.61838 1.7797004 512.43074 -148.16847 -195.35611
397.7 1151.3801 0.041789 561.70134 1.8138209 513.58634 -159.65523 -207.77023
397.7 865.88011 0.0566084 563.71027 1.8559536 514.69418 -174.40246 -223.41855
397.7 580.38011 0.0859666 565.65213 1.9128212 515.75881 -195.07686 -244.97018
397.7 294.88011 0.1720996 567.53287 2.0054604 516.78412 -230.03873 -280.78748
397.7 9.3801143 5.4993116 569.35762 2.4575201 517.77345 -407.99813 -459.5823
30
422.7 4348.9547 0.0096018 555.03401 1.6253513 513.27612 -132.00199 -173.75988
422.7 3978.4547 0.0108395 558.58685 1.6459325 515.46227 -137.14881 -180.27339
422.7 3607.9547 0.0123121 561.90544 1.6669774 517.48386 -142.72592 -187.1475
422.7 3237.4547 0.0141036 565.02771 1.6888417 519.36802 -148.84569 -194.50538
422.7 2866.9547 0.0163404 567.98249 1.7119441 521.13533 -155.65627 -202.50344
422.7 2496.4547 0.0192235 570.7923 1.7368243 522.80179 -163.36335 -211.35386
422.7 2125.9547 0.0230931 573.47509 1.764239 524.38016 -172.26874 -221.36366
422.7 1755.4547 0.0285765 576.04545 1.7953423 525.88076 -182.84574 -233.01043
422.7 1384.9547 0.0369711 578.51544 1.8320798 527.31212 -195.90469 -247.10801
422.7 1014.4547 0.0514698 580.89512 1.8782033 528.68133 -213.02143 -265.23522
422.7 643.95474 0.0826124 583.19303 1.9426796 529.99439 -237.97763 -291.17627
422.7 273.45474 0.1980585 585.41645 2.0591217 531.25642 -284.97431 -339.13433
31
7.0 Tabla de propiedades termodinámicas de la región de líquido comprimido
32
TABLA TERMODINAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO PARA VOLUMEN EN [m^3/Kg]
P[kPa]/ 171.2869 444.1955 970.0687 1859.595 3226.071 5184.086 7859.587
1.6743 11.71858 52.46612
T[K] 5 5 1 31 94 88 67
0.000617 0.000617 0.000617 0.000616 0.000616 0.000616 0.0006165 0.0006161 0.0006156 0.0006149
197.67
03 02 01 98 91 76 2 5 3 2
223.567 0.000640 0.000640 0.000640 0.000640 0.000640 0.0006402 0.0006391 0.0006382
0 0.0006398
78 91 89 85 76 57 7 3 3
249.465 0.000668 0.000668 0.000667 0.000667 0.0006672 0.0006665 0.0006656 0.0006644
56 07 02 89 64 2 8 8 6
275.363 0.000699 0.000699 0.000698 0.0006983 0.0006974
0.0006962 0.0006945
33 5 32 97 7 7
301.261 0.000736 0.000736 0.0007339 0.0007321 0.0007296
0.0007353
11 68 17 8 4 9
327.158 0.000782 0.0007786 0.0007758 0.0007720
0.0007807
89 06 5 1 8
353.056 0.0008400 0.0008364 0.0008315 0.0008252
67 9 7 4 5
378.954 0.0009203 0.0009097 0.0008968
44 8 1 9
404.852 0.0010515 0.0010137
22 7 7
0.0019153
430.75
7
33
TABLA TERMODINAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO PARA ENERGIA INTERNA EN [KJ/Kg]
P[kPa]/
1.6743 11.71858 52.46612 171.28695 444.19555 970.06871 1859.59531 3226.07194 5184.08688 7859.58767
T[K]
197.67 -0.00103 2.709 2.98514 0.60341 -4.72926 -13.19561 -24.63007 -38.06421 -49.94382 22.21116
223.56778 36.26027 36.53544 34.15087 28.8117 20.33284 8.87733 -4.58893 -16.51409 55.57953
249.46556 73.93804 71.55025 66.20367 57.71061 46.23123 32.72869 20.75231 92.7774
275.36333 112.80135 107.4462 98.93672 87.42979 73.88552 61.85055 133.79775
301.26111 152.53857 144.0096 132.4701 118.87671 106.77324 178.63017
327.15889 192.92652 181.3471 167.69404 155.50829 227.25842
353.05667 234.05057 220.32142 208.03325 279.65445
378.95444 276.71709 264.29442 335.75776
404.85222 324.07785 395.35802
430.75 452.64308
TABLA TERMODINAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO PARA ENERGIA LIBRE DE GIBBS EN [KJ/Kg*K]
P[kPa]/
1.6743 11.71858 52.46612 171.28695 444.19555 970.06871 1859.59531 3226.07194 5184.08688 7859.58767
T[K]
197.67 0 -1.25574 -1.76374 -1.38805 -0.05801 2.3071 5.85236 10.80937 17.49123 26.28705
223.56778 -3.32147 -7.95533 -11.70549 -14.50131 -16.26205 -16.84266 -16.0115 -13.4555 -8.78554
249.46556 -10.00548 -17.8515 -24.74317 -30.59978 -35.27624 -38.54094 -40.0808 -39.50669
275.36333 -19.88921 -30.85267 -40.78108 -49.52933 -56.86583 -62.47748 -65.97518
301.26111 -32.8802 -46.86067 -59.661 -71.04956 -80.71328 -88.26305
327.15889 -48.87973 -65.71565 -81.13982 -94.83913 -106.42449
353.05667 -67.72755 -87.17335 -104.8943 -120.5013
378.95444 -89.17911 -110.90972 -130.52638
404.85222 -112.91016 -136.52608
430.75 -138.52187
34
8.0 Diagrama de Mollier
35
9.0 Diagrama Presión-Entalpía
36
10.0 Consistencia y exactitud termodinámica
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐻1𝑙 = −4.64 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝐻 = 28.834 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 450.074143 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝐻2𝑣 = 24.194 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑑𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑉1𝑙 = 0.040265 = 0.000629
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔
𝑑𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑉2𝑣 = 61.512 = 0.96015
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑆1𝑙 = −0.019681 𝑚𝑜𝑙∗𝐾 ∆𝑆 = 0.120881 𝑚𝑜𝑙∗𝐾 = 1.88684929 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝑆2𝑣 = 0.1012
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑈1𝑙 = −4.6402 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝑈 = 26.8662 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 419.35846 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑈2𝑣 = 22.226
𝑚𝑜𝑙
37
Datos generados:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐻1𝑙 = 17.03974 𝑘𝑔 ∆𝐻 = 457.19756 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝐻2𝑣 = 474.2373 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
𝑉1𝑙 = 0.0007098
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
𝑉2𝑣 = 0.97674
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑆1𝑙 = 0.08678 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾 ∆𝑆 = 1.91992 𝑘𝑔∗𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝑆2𝑣 = 2.0067
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑈1𝑙 = 17.0365 𝑘𝑔 ∆𝑈 = 426.2915 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑈2𝑣 = 443.328
𝑘𝑔
Porcentajes de error:
457.19756 − 450.074143
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 ∆𝐻 = ∗ 100 = 1.582721%
450.074143
1.91992 − 1.88684929
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 ∆𝑆 = ∗ 100 = 1.7526948%
1.88684929
426.2915 − 419.35846
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 ∆𝑈 = ∗ 100 = 1.653249108%
419.35846
T=240K Psat
38
Fig. 1. Lectura en datos generados para 240 K
39
Fig. 3. Lectura en datos de propiedades termodinámicos de dióxido de azufre de Perry para
210 K y 240 K
𝑃1 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇1 = 300𝐾
𝑃2 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 400𝐾
𝑘𝐽 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝐻1 = 26.497 ∗ = 413.5955
𝑚𝑜𝑙 64.065 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝐻2 = 30.765 ∗ = 480.2154
𝑚𝑜𝑙 64.065 𝑘𝑔
40
Δ𝐻 = 480.2154 − 413.5955 = 66.6198392 𝑘𝐽/𝑔
𝑘𝐽
Δ𝐻 = 570.10836 − 502.95826 = 67.1501
𝑘𝑔
Calculando %Error
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|67.1501 − 66.619839|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.7959%
66.619839
𝑃1 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇1 = 300𝐾
𝑃2 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 400𝐾
𝑘𝐽 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝑆1 = 0.10042 ∗ = 1.5674
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 64.065 𝑘𝑔 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝑆2 = 0.11269 ∗ = 1.758994
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 64.065 𝑘𝑔 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
Δ𝑆 = 2.1515703 − 1.9588761 = 0.192694
𝑘𝑔 𝐾
Calculando %Error
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.19269 − 0.191524|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.61087%
0.191524
41
Datos de manual de ingeniero químico para energía interna
𝑃1 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇1 = 300𝐾
𝑃2 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 400𝐾
𝑘𝐽 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝑈1 = 24.043 ∗ = 375.29072
𝑚𝑜𝑙 64.065 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝑈2 = 27.458 ∗ = 428.5959
𝑚𝑜𝑙 64.065 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
Δ𝑈 = 518.48515 − 464.53709 = 53.94806
𝑘𝑔
Calculando %Error
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|53.94806 − 53.3052|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 1.2059%
53.3052
𝑃1 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇1 = 300𝐾
𝑃2 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 400𝐾
𝑑𝑚3 1000 𝑚3
𝑉1 = 24.532 ∗ = 0.382923
𝑚𝑜𝑙 64.065 𝑘𝑔
𝑑𝑚3 1000 𝑚3
𝑉2 = 33.068 ∗ = 0.5161632
𝑚𝑜𝑙 64.065 ∗ 1000 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
Δ𝑉 = 0.5161632 − 0.382923 = 0.133239679
𝑘𝑔
42
Datos programa para entalpía a las mismas condiciones
𝑚3
Δ𝑈 = 0.5162321 − 0.3842117 = 0.13320204
𝑘𝑔
Calculando %Error
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|0.13320204 − 0.13323967|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 0.91510%
0.13323967
𝑑𝐻
( ) =𝑇
𝑑𝑆 𝑝
P=100kPa
T( K ) S(kJ/kg.K) H(kJ/kg)
43
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 ) = [(𝑓(𝑥0 ) − 8𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 8𝑓(𝑥3 ) − 𝑓(𝑥4 )]
12ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 ) = 292.6244
|𝐸𝑥𝑝 − 𝑇𝑒𝑜|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
𝑇𝑒𝑜
|292.6244 − 300|
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100 = 2.4585%
300
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑇
−( ) = ( )
𝑑𝑆 𝑣 𝑑𝑉 𝑠
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 ) = [(𝑓(𝑥0 ) − 8𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 8𝑓(𝑥3 ) − 𝑓(𝑥4 )]
12ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 )1 = −250.7051
44
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 ) = −280.1175
45
46
10.3 Consistencia de datos en la región de líquido comprimido
𝑑𝐻
Utilizando la relación de Gibbs ( 𝑑𝑆 ) = 𝑇 para determinar la exactitud de los datos,
𝑃
P[kPa]/
1.6743 11.71858 52.46612 171.28695 444.19555 970.06871
T[K]
327.15889 0.74142843
P[kPa]/
1.6743 11.71858 52.46612 171.28695 444.19555 970.06871
T[K]
47
301.26111 152.865805 144.723732
327.15889 193.685171
327.15889 0.00078206
𝑃 = 171.2869 𝐾𝑃𝑎
S[KJ/Kg*K] H[KJ/Kg]
PIVOTE
0.0076159 0.7090918
0.16692905 34.260644
0.32508385 71.664668
0.48230957 112.92116
𝑑𝐻
( ) = 223.567𝐾
𝑑𝑆 𝑃
48
𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑉
Prueba de Maxwell ( 𝑑𝑃) = − ( 𝑑𝑇 ) para determinar la consistencia matemática
𝑇 𝑃
P=171.28695KPa T=223.5677K
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑆
( 𝑑𝑇 ) = 9.8541 ∗ 10−7 ( 𝑑𝑃) = −(−1.7456 ∗ 10−5 )
𝑃 𝑇
49
Soave-Redlich-Kwong en la obtención de propiedades residuales ya que es una
ecuación de estado construida específicamente para equilibrio líquido vapor.
50
11.0 Memoria de cálculo
Referencia
Vapor saturadp
Punto triple en
a 207.07K y
liquido saturado a
Psat
197.7
197.7𝑙𝑣
+∆𝑀𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡
Vapor
207.07 𝐾
saturado a +𝑀𝑅𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡
197.7K
197.7
−𝑀𝑅𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡
Gas ideal a
∆𝑀 𝑔𝑖 207.07K y Psat
Gas ideal a
197.7 Psat
C1=47.365,
C2=-4084.5,
C3=-3.6469,
C4=1.799E-17,
C5=6.
Ecuación para la presión de saturación:
51
𝐶2
𝑙𝑛 (𝑃𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡 ) = 𝐶1 − + 𝐶3 ∗ 𝑙𝑛 (𝑇) + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 𝐶5
𝑇
Cálculo de ∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣 𝑦 ∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 :
C1=3.676x10^7 C2=0.4
2 3
∆Hlv =C1*(1-Tr )C2+C3*Tr +C4*Tr +C5*Tr
𝑇 𝑟𝑒𝑓 197.7
𝑇𝑟 = = = 0.4589
𝑇𝑐 430.8
3.676x10^7
∆H𝑙𝑣 = ( )(1-0.4589)^0.4 =28752.9J/mol
1000
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣 𝐽
∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 = = 145.437
197.7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
𝑇 𝑟𝑒𝑓 207.07
𝑇𝑟 = = = 0.480664
𝑇𝑐 430.8
3.676x10^7
∆H𝑙𝑣 = ( )(1-0.480664)^0.4 =28284.914J/mol
1000
52
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣 𝐽
∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 = = 136.596
207.07 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
207.7
∆𝐻𝑔𝑖 = 8.314 ∫ (4.417 − (2.234 ∗ 10 − 3)𝑇 + (2.344 ∗ 10 − 5)𝑇 2
197.7
𝐽
∆𝐻𝑔𝑖 = 388.962746
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐽
∆𝑆𝑔𝑖 = −4.451417
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
𝑇𝑐 = 430.8𝐾 𝑃𝑐 = 7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇 𝑃
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇𝑐 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑐
𝑇1 197.7𝐾 𝑃1 1.6602𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑟1 = 𝑇𝑐 = 430.8𝐾 = 0.4589 𝑃𝑟1 = 𝑃𝐶 = 7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
= 0.00021292
𝑇2 207.07𝐾 𝑃2 3.6119𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑟2 = 𝑇𝑐 = = 0.480664 𝑃𝑟2 = 𝑃𝐶 = = 0.00045813
430.8𝐾 7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
Para Soave-Redlich-Kwong se tiene de acuerdo a Tabla 3.1 (página 98) del libro de
SmithVan Ness séptima edición los siguientes valores para sus constantes
𝛀 0.08664
𝜺 0
𝜶(𝑻𝒓) 1 2
2)
[1 + (0.480 + 1.57𝑤 − 0.17𝑤 (1 − 𝑇𝑟2 )]
53
𝚿 0.42748
𝝈 1
𝑃𝑟 1
𝛽=𝛺 = 4.019915𝑥10−5
𝑇𝑟 1
𝑃𝑟 2
𝛽=𝛺 = 8.25782318𝑥10−5
𝑇𝑟 2
𝛹𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝑞= = 17.49548
𝛺𝑇𝑟 1
𝛹𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝑞= = 16.3499007
𝛺𝑇𝑟 2
Sustituyendo los valores en la ecuación 3.52 del libro de Van Ness para encontrar
Z:
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
1 𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽
𝐼= 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝜎−𝜖 𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽
𝐼1 = 4.022503𝑥10−5
𝐼2 = 8.2679744𝑥10−5
54
𝑑𝑞 7.8262923((𝑇𝑟)0.5 − 2.16950091)
=
𝑑𝑇𝑟 𝑇𝑟
𝑑𝑞1
= −55.4513216
𝑑𝑇𝑟1
𝑑𝑞2
= −50.005592
𝑑𝑇𝑟2
𝐻𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= 𝑍 − 1 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + (𝑞 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )) 𝐼
𝑅 𝑑𝑇𝑟
T=197.7K T=207.07K
𝑱 𝐽
𝑯𝑹 = −𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟖 𝐻 𝑅 = −5.606051054
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑱 𝐽
𝑺𝑹 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟒 𝑆 𝑅 = −0.01652846
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑲 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
207.07𝐾
𝐽
𝐻3.6119𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (0 + 28752.9 − (−2.773058) + 388.963 + (−5.60605))
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐽 𝑘𝐽
= 29139.03 = 454.8354
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔
55
207.07𝐾
𝐽
𝑆3.6119𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (0 + 145.437 − (−0.00851184) + (−4.45147) + (−0.0165285))
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
𝐽 𝑘𝐽
= 140.977513 = 2.20054
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 𝑘𝑔 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝐺 𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 𝐻 𝑣𝑎𝑝 − 𝑇 ∗ 𝑆 𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 454.8354 − 207.07 ∗ 2.20054 = −0.8304178
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑈 𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 𝐻 𝑣𝑎𝑝 − 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 ∗ 𝑉 𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 454.8354 − 3.6119 ∗ 7.43052 = 427.9971
𝑘𝑔
207.07𝐾
𝐻3.6119𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (0 + 28752.9 − (−2.773058) + 388.963 + (−5.60605)
𝐽 𝐽 𝑘𝐽
− 28284.914) = 854.116008 = 13.332
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔
207.07𝐾
𝑆3.6119𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (0 + 145.437 − (−0.00851184) + (−4.45147) + (−0.0165285)
𝐽 𝐽 𝑘𝐽
− 136.596) = 4.3815133 = 0.0683917
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 𝑘𝑔 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝐺𝑙𝑖𝑞 = 𝐻𝑙𝑖𝑞 − 𝑇 ∗ 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑞 = 13.332 − 207.07 ∗ 0.0683917 = −0.8304178
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑈𝑙𝑖𝑞 = 𝐻𝑙𝑖𝑞 − 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 ∗ 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑞 = 13.332 − 3.6119 ∗ 0.000707476 = 13.32944
𝑘𝑔
56
11.2 Memoria de cálculo en región de vapor sobrecalentado
Referencia
Punto triple en
liquido saturado a
197.7
Vapor
sobrecalentado
197.7𝑙𝑣
+∆𝑀11280𝑘𝑝𝑎 a 300K y
100kPa
Vapor
saturado a
197.7K
197.7 300
−𝑀𝑅11280𝑘𝑝𝑎 +𝑀 𝑅100𝑘𝑝𝑎
∆𝑀 𝑔𝑖
Gas ideal a
197.7 Psat
Gas ideal a
300K y 100kPa
57
C1=47.365,
C2=-4084.5,
C3=-3.6469,
C4=1.799E-17,
C5=6.
Ecuación para la presión de saturación:
𝐶2
𝑙𝑛 (𝑃𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑡 ) = 𝐶1 − + 𝐶3 ∗ 𝑙𝑛 (𝑇) + 𝐶4 ∗ 𝑇 𝐶5
𝑇
Para H:
Para S:
Cálculo de ∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣 𝑦 ∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 :
C1=3.676x10^7 C2=0.4
2 3
∆Hlv =C1*(1-Tr )C2+C3*Tr +C4*Tr +C5*Tr
𝑇 𝑟𝑒𝑓 197.7
𝑇𝑟 = = = 0.4589
𝑇𝑐 430.8
58
3.676x10^7
∆H𝑙𝑣 = ( )(1-0.4589)^0.4 =28752.9J/mol
1000
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣 𝐽
∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 = = 145.437
197.7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
𝑇𝑐 = 430.8𝐾 𝑃𝑐 = 7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇 𝑃
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇𝑐 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑐
𝑇1 197.7𝐾 𝑃1 1.6602𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑟1 = 𝑇𝑐 = 430.8𝐾 = 0.4589 𝑃𝑟1 = 𝑃𝐶 = = 0.0002105
7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇2 300𝐾 𝑃2 100𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑟2 = 𝑇𝑐 = 430.8𝐾 = 0.6963 𝑃𝑟1 = 𝑃𝐶 = 7884𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0.0128
Para Redlich-Kwong se tiene de acuerdo a Tabla 3.1 (página 98) del libro de Van
Ness séptima edición los siguientes valores para sus constantes
𝛀 0.08664
𝜺 0
𝜶(𝑻𝒓) 1 2
2)
[1 + (0.480 + 1.57𝑤 − 0.17𝑤 (1 − 𝑇𝑟2 )]
𝚿 0.42748
𝝈 1
𝑃𝑟 1
𝛽=𝛺 = 3.975587𝑥10−5
𝑇𝑟 1
𝑃𝑟 2
𝛽=𝛺 = 0.001578
𝑇𝑟 2
59
𝛹𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝑞= = 17.6876
𝛺𝑇𝑟 1
𝛹𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝑞= = 9.28912
𝛺𝑇𝑟 2
Sustituyendo los valores en la ecuación 3.52 del libro de Van Ness para encontrar
Z:
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
𝒁𝟏 0.99933
𝒁𝟐 0.98677
1 𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽
𝐼= 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝜎−𝜖 𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽
𝐼1 = 3.97817𝑥10−5
𝐼2 = 0.001598
𝑑𝑞 7.8262923((𝑇𝑟)0.5 − 2.16950091)
=
𝑑𝑇𝑟 𝑇𝑟
𝑑𝑞1
= −55.447
𝑑𝑇𝑟1
𝑑𝑞2
= −21.545
𝑑𝑇𝑟2
𝐻𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= 𝑍 − 1 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + (𝑞 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )𝐼
𝑅 𝑑𝑇𝑟
60
Sustituyendo y despejando los valores indicados:
T=197.7K T=300K
𝒋 𝑗
𝑯𝑹 = −𝟐. 𝟕𝟔𝟓 𝐻 𝑅 = −92.975
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝒋 𝑗
𝑺𝑹 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟒 𝑆 𝑅 = −0.2005
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑚𝑜𝑙
300𝐾
𝐽
𝐻100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 32222.021
𝑚𝑜𝑙
300𝐾
1000 𝑘𝐽
𝐻100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 32222.021 ∗ = 502.9
1000 ∗ 64.065 𝑘𝑔
300𝐾
𝐽
𝑆100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 125.4954
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
300𝐾
1000 𝑘𝐽
𝑆100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 125.4954 ∗ = 1.9588
1000 ∗ 64.065 𝑘𝑔 𝐾
𝑍𝑅𝑇
Calculando el volumen, se utilizará 𝑉 = 𝑃
Utilizando la 𝑍2 = 0.98677
𝑚3 𝑃𝑎
8.314 ( ) 300𝑘 𝑚3
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐾
𝑉 = 0.98677 ( ) = 0.02461
100 ∗ 1000 𝑚𝑜𝑙
1000 𝑚3
𝑉 = 0.02461 ∗ = 0.38414
64.065 𝑘𝑔
61
300𝐾
𝐽
𝐺100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 32222.021 − 300 ∗ 125.4954 = −5426.599
𝑚𝑜𝑙
300𝐾
5426.599 1000
𝐺100𝑘𝑃𝑎 =− ∗ = −84.7045
64.065 1000
300𝐾 300𝐾 300𝐾
𝑈100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 𝐻100𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 𝑃300𝐾 . 𝑉100𝑘𝑃𝑎
300𝐾
𝑈100𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 502.9582 − 100 ∗ 0.384141 = 464.544 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
62
304.4983𝐾 197.67𝑘 𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑀1153.93𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 𝑀197.67𝐾 197.67𝐾 𝑅
1.67863𝐾𝑝𝑎 + ∆𝑀𝑙𝑣1.67863𝑃𝑎 − 𝑀 1.67863𝑘𝑃𝑎 + ∆𝑀𝑔𝑖 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 +
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡𝐾 𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡𝐾 304.4983𝐾
𝑀𝑅 1153.93𝑘𝑃𝑎 − ∆𝑀𝑣𝑙1153.93𝐾𝑃𝑎 + ∆𝑀𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡
Se utiliza la 𝐸𝑐. 1 tomada del libro de Perry’s 1999 pagina 2-160 para el cálculo de
entalpia de vaporización a condiciones de (𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓 , 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 ) y (𝑃2 , 𝑇2𝑠𝑎𝑡 ) y la 𝐸𝑐. 2 para el
cambio de entropía entre los mismos estados
2 +𝐶5𝑇𝑟 3
∆𝐻𝑙𝑣 = 𝐶1(1 − 𝑇𝑟)𝐶2+𝐶3𝑇𝑟+𝐶4𝑇𝑟 𝐸𝑐. 1
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 197.7
𝐶1 = 3.676𝐸 7 𝐶2 = 0.4 𝑇𝑟 = = 430.8 = 0.4589
𝑇𝑐
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣
∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 = 𝐸𝑐. 2
𝑇𝑖
63
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡 333.63333𝐾 𝑃2 1153.931𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑟2(𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑝2) = = = 0.77454 𝑃𝑟2 = 𝑃𝐶 = = 0.146363
𝑇𝑐 430.75𝐾 7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
1𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆H𝑙𝑣 = (3.676𝐸 7 )(1-0.4589)^0.4 * =28752.9 J/mol
1000𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣
∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 = = 145.437J/mol*k
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓
1𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆H𝑣𝑙 = (3.676𝐸 7 )(1-0.77454)^0.4 * =20258.3 J/mol
1000𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑙𝑣
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣
∆𝑆 = = 60.7203J/mol*K
𝑇(𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑃2)
𝐻𝑅 𝑑𝑞 𝑆𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= 𝑍 − 1 + 𝑇𝑟 ( ) 𝐼 𝐸𝑐. 3 = ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + (𝑞 + 𝑇𝑟 ) 𝐼 𝐸𝑐. 4
𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑇𝑟 𝑅 𝑑𝑇𝑟
𝑃𝑟 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟) 1 𝑍+𝜎𝛽
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 𝐸𝑐. 5 𝑞= 𝐸𝑐. 6 𝐼 = 𝜎−𝜖 ln( 𝑍+𝜖𝛽 ) Ec. 7
Ω𝑇𝑟
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 =1+𝛽−𝑞∗𝛽∗( ) 𝐸𝑐. 9
(𝑍 + Є)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
64
Pr(𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑓 = Ω = 4.01986𝐸 − 5
𝑇𝑟(𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝛹𝛼(𝑇𝑟 (𝑟𝑒𝑓))
𝑟𝑒𝑓 = = 17.5011
𝛺𝑇𝑟 (𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝑃𝑟2
𝛽2 = Ω 𝑇𝑟2(𝑠𝑎𝑡) =0.016372
𝛹𝛼(𝑇𝑟2(𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑝2) )
𝑞2 = = 7.74357
𝛺𝑇𝑟 2(𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑝2)
Se derivan 𝐸𝑐. 6 y se evalúa tanto para estado de referencia como para (𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡, 𝑃2)
𝑑𝑞𝑟𝑒𝑓
= −55.452050
𝑑𝑇𝑟(𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝑑𝑞2
= −16.82142
𝑑𝑇𝑟2(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝐻𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= 𝑍 − 1 + 𝑇𝑟 ( ) 𝐼 𝐸𝑐. 3
𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑇𝑟
𝐻𝑅
= 0.99936 − 1 + 0.4589 ∗ (−55.452050) ∗ 4.02245E − 5 = −0.0016873183
𝑅𝑇(𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝑆𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + (𝑞 + 𝑇𝑟 ) 𝐼 𝐸𝑐. 4
𝑅 𝑑𝑇𝑟
65
𝑆𝑅
= ln(0.99936 − 4.01986𝐸 − 5) + (17.5011 + 0.4589 ∗ −55.452050) ∗ 4.02245E
𝑅
−5
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡 333.63333𝐾 𝑃2
Recordando 𝑇𝑟2(𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑝2) = = = 0.77454 𝑃𝑟2 = 𝑃𝐶 =
𝑇𝑐 430.75𝐾
1153.931𝑘𝑃𝑎
= 0.146363
7884𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐻𝑅
Se tiene el valor de =-0.363821
𝑅𝑇
Sustituyendo en 𝐸𝑐. 4
𝑆𝑅
= ln(0.87713 − 0.016372) + (7.74357 + 0.77454 ∗ −16.82142) ∗ 0.0184936
𝑅
𝑆𝑅
= −0.2476859
𝑅
𝐽
𝑆 𝑅 = (−0.2476859) ∗ (8.314472) = −2.059378
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝑘
𝐽
𝐶𝑝 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∗ 𝑇 + 𝑐 ∗ 𝑇 2 + 𝑑 ∗ 𝑇 3 + 𝑒 ∗ 𝑇 4 𝐸𝑐. 10 ∗𝑘
𝑚𝑜𝑙
66
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡
∆H𝑔𝑖 = ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑇 𝑃2
∆𝑆 𝑔𝑖 = ∫ 𝐶𝑝 − 𝑅 ∗ ln ( ) 𝐸𝑐. 11
𝑇(𝑟𝑒𝑓) 𝑇 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝑗
∆𝑆 𝑔𝑖 = (19.9316 − 23.1421) = −33.2105
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝑘
𝑇2
∆𝐻 𝑙 = ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 𝐸𝑐. 12
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑃2
𝑇2
𝑑𝑇
∆𝑆 𝑙 = ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝐸𝑐. 13
𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑃2 𝑇
𝐽
𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑞 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2𝑇 + 𝐶3𝑇 2 + 𝐶4𝑇 3 + 𝐶4𝑇 4 [ ]𝐸𝑐. 14
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝑘
La Ec.14 tomada del perrys tabla 2-153, donde las constantes son 𝐶1 = 85743 𝐶2 =
5.7443 𝐶3 = 0 𝐶4 = 0
304.49𝐾
∆𝐻 𝑙 = ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
333.6333𝐾
∆𝐻 𝑙 = −2552.25𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
67
𝐶1
𝐶𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑞 = + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3𝑇 + 𝐶4𝑇 2 + 𝐶4𝑇 3 𝐸𝑐. 15
𝑇
𝐽
∆𝑆 𝑙 = −8.00468
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝑘
304.4983𝐾
𝐻1153.93𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0 + 28752.9 J/mol −2.7731442 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 +5212.23 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 +
304.4983𝐾
𝐻1153.93𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 152.319𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔
304.4983𝐾 𝐽
𝑆1153.93𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0 + 145.437J/mol*k −(−0.0085 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝑘) +(−33.2105 𝑚𝑜𝑙∗𝑘)+
𝐽 𝐽
(−2.059378 𝑚𝑜𝑙∗𝑘) − 60.7203J/mol*K + (−8.00468 𝑚𝑜𝑙∗𝑘) = 0.616843𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑔
68
12.0 Rutinas de programación (Diagramas de flujo y código
Scilab)
INICIO
Tc=430.8
Pc= 78.84
4084.5
)+3.6469 ln(𝑇)+1.799𝑥10−17 𝑇 6
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑒 47.365+(− 𝑇
69
A
𝑇2
𝐶𝑝 ∗
= ∫ 5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇 − 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2
𝑅 𝑇1
𝑇2
∆𝐻 = 𝑅 ∫ 5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇 − 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2
𝑇1
𝑇2
∆𝑆 = 𝑅 ∫ (5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇
𝑇1
− 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2 )/𝑇
𝑙𝑣
𝑇 0.4
∆𝐻 = 3.676 (1 − )
430.8
𝑙𝑣
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣
∆𝑆 =
𝑇
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
𝑃 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 ; 𝑞 =
𝑟 Ω𝑇𝑟
70
B
𝐺𝑅
= 𝑍 − 1 − ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) − 𝑞𝐼
𝑅𝑇
𝐻𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
=𝑍−1+[ − 1] 𝑞𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑑 ln 𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + 𝑞𝐼
𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝑇𝑟
𝑍𝑅𝑇
𝑉=
𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑇 0.4
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣 = 3.676 (1 − )
430.8
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣
∆𝑆 𝑙𝑣 =
𝑇
A condiciones de T2
71
C
HyS
IMPRESIÓN DE
DATOS V,S,H
FIN
72
FLUJO GRAMA PARA CALCULO DE VAPOR SATURADO
INICIO
Tc=430.8
Pc= 78.84
Ingresar T deseada
<=tc
4084.5
)+3.6469 ln(𝑇)+1.799𝑥10−17 𝑇 6
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑒 47.365+(− 𝑇
73
A
𝑇2
𝐶𝑝 ∗
= ∫ 5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇 − 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2
𝑅 𝑇1
𝑇2
∆𝐻 = 𝑅 ∫ 5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇 − 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2
𝑇1
𝑇2
∆𝑆 = 𝑅 ∫ (5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇
𝑇1
− 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2 )/𝑇
𝑙𝑣
𝑇 0.4
∆𝐻 = 3.676 (1 − )
430.8
𝑙𝑣
∆𝐻 𝑙𝑣
∆𝑆 =
𝑇
𝑍−𝛽
𝑍 = 1 + 𝛽 − 𝑞𝛽
(𝑍 + 𝜖𝛽)(𝑍 + 𝜎𝛽)
𝑃 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 ; 𝑞 =
𝑟 Ω𝑇𝑟
74
B
𝐺𝑅
= 𝑍 − 1 − ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) − 𝑞𝐼
𝑅𝑇
𝐻𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
=𝑍−1+[ − 1] 𝑞𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑑 ln 𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + 𝑞𝐼
𝑅 𝑑 ln 𝑇𝑟
𝑍𝑅𝑇
𝑉=
𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡
HyS
IMPRESIÓN DE
DATOS V,S,H
FIN
75
12.2 Diagrama de flujo de región de vapor sobrecalentado
INCIO
𝑇𝐶 = 430.7
𝑃𝑐 = 7884000 𝑃𝑎
𝑢 = 0.42748
𝑜 = 0.08664
𝑖=0
𝑗=0
'\n \n TABLAS DE
VAPOR
SOBRECALENTADO
A DIFERENTES
For=197.7:25:
500
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇/𝑇𝑐
If T<=430.8
4084.5
)−3.6469 ln(𝑇)+1.79906𝑥10−17 (𝑇)6
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑒 47.365+(− 𝑇
1
A 2
B
76
A 1 2
4084.5
)−3.6469 ln(𝑇)+1.79906𝑥10−17 (𝑇)6 B
𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡1 = 𝑒 47.365+(− 𝑇
Pi=Psat Pi=6884000
Salto=500+5000* Salto=100000
'\n Temperatura de
sobrecalentamiento: %g \n ',T
encabezado1=[" T P V H S U G A"]
encabezado2=[" K kPa m^3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K kJ/kg kJ/kg
kJ/kg"]
tabla=[]
Encabezado1
Encabezado2
For P=Pi-salto:300
3 4 5
A B
77
A 3 4 5 B
𝑖 =𝑖+1
𝑗 =𝑗+1
T
P
P=P*(1/1000)
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃/𝑃𝑐
𝑇2
∆𝐻 = 𝑅 ∫ 5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇
𝑇1
− 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2
𝑇2
∆𝑆 = 𝑅 ∫ (5.699 + 0801𝑥10−3 𝑇
𝑇1
− 2.028𝑥105 𝑇 −2 )/𝑇
𝑃 Ψ𝛼(𝑇𝑟 )
𝛽 = Ω 𝑇𝑟 ; 𝑞 =
𝑟 Ω𝑇𝑟
Calculando B y Q para la T2
FC2
4
A 3 5 B
78
A 3 4 5 B
𝑆𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + (𝑞 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )𝐼
𝑅 𝑑𝑇𝑟
FCC11
[z1]=fsolve(1,FC
11)
A 3 5 B
79
A 3 4 5 B
𝐻𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= 𝑍 − 1 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )𝐼
𝑅𝑇 𝑑𝑇𝑟
𝑆𝑅 𝑑𝑞
= ln(𝑍 − 𝛽) + (𝑞 + 𝑇𝑟 ( )𝐼
𝑅 𝑑𝑇𝑟
∆Slv =∆Hlv /T
//volumen de sobrecalentamento
vapsobre(i,3)=(z*8.314*T)/(P)
tabla(j,3)=((z*8.314*T)/(P))*(1000/64.065)
A 3 4 5 B
80
3 4 5 B
A
tabla
End for
FIN
81
FUNCIONES PARA LA ITERACION DE Z1 Y Z2
function h=FC2(z)
h=1+B-Q*B*((z-
B)/((z)*(z+B)))-z
Endfunction
function
h1=FC11(z1)
h=1+B-Q*B*((z-
B)/((z)*(z+B)))-z
Endfunction
82
FUNCIONES PARA LAS ITERACIONES Z1 Y Z2
83
12.3 Diagrama de flujo de región de líquido comprimido
Inicio
t
denssat(x)
fin den
t Inicio psat(x)
c1=47.36; c2=-4084.5;c3=-3.646
c4=1.7990*10^-17
c5=6; pm=64.064
ps=exp(c1+(c2/x)+c3*log(x)+(c4*x^c5))*(10^-3)
fin ps
84
Inicio
t, p
z_comp(x,y)
fin zcomp
Inicio
t, p, z
hrsrk(x,y,z)
Calculo de parametros b, m a, q, dq e I
b=0.08664*((pr)/(tr))
m=0.48+1.574*0.245-0.176*0.245^2
a=(1+m*(1-tr^0.5))^2
q=(0.42748/0.08664)*(a/tr)
dq=((4.9339796860572*(m+1)*(m*(tr^0.5)-m-1))/(tr^2))
I=log((z+b)/z)
Obtiene H residual
hre=(z-1+tr*dq*I)
fin hre
85
Inicio
t, p, z
srsrk(x,y,z)
Calculo de parametros b, m a, q, dq e I
b=0.08664*((pr)/(tr))
m=0.48+1.574*0.245-0.176*0.245^2
a=(1+m*(1-tr^0.5))^2
q=(0.42748/0.08664)*(a/tr)
dq=((4.9339796860572*(m+1)*(m*(tr^0.5)-m-1))/(tr^2))
I=log((z+b)/z)
Obtiene S residual
sre=(log(z-b)+(q+tr*dq)*i)
fin sre
t Inicio hvap(x)
c1=3.676*10^7
c2=0.4
c3=0
c4=0
hv=(c1*(1-(x/500))^(c2+c3*(x/500)+c4*(x/500)^2))
fin hv
86
Inicio
t(i), t(j) dhhliq(ti,tj)
fin dhliq
Inicio
t1, t
deltahgi(x1,x)
fin Dhgi
87
Inicio
t(i), t(j)
deltssliq(xi,xj)
fin ssliq
Sgi
Fin
88
O
Declaracion de constantes
pm=64.064; zc=0.269; R=8.314472
for j=1:length(t)
p(i)=psat(t(i))/
/KPa
for j=1:length(t)
Z(i)=z_comp(t(i),p(i))
89
A
for j=1:length(t)
for i=j:length(t)
rholiq(i)=denssat(t(j))*(1+(9*zc*n*(p(i)-
psat(t(j)))/pc))^(1/9)
Volumen el inverso de densidad
V(i)=(1/rholiq(i))
for i=1:length(t)
Se imprimen en pantalla
las matrices ENTH, B
ENTS, VOL, UINT e
GIBBS
90
B
Generación de gráfico PH y
HS
Región liquido comprimido
i=1:1:50
j=1:1:50
plot(ENTH(j,i),p(i))
plot(ENTH(j,i),ENTS(j,i))
//VAPOR SOBRECALENTADO
//Propiedades del Dioxido de azufre Ref.Apendice B de Smith Vann Ness Septima Edicion
Tc=430.7//K
Pc=7884000//Pa
//Constantes de Reddlich Kwong para propiedades residuales
u=0.42748
o=0.08664
//VAPOR SOBRECALENTADO
vapsobre=[]; // tabla de vapores sobrecalentados no se mostrará sirve para almacenar
y graficar
i=0;
j=0;
tabla=[];// Se creará una tabla para cada isoterma T a diferentes presiones de
sobrecalentamiento
printf('\n \n TABLAS DE VAPOR SOBRECALENTADO A DIFERENTES
TEMPERATURAS\n')
for T=197.7:25:500 //Rango de temperaturas para las isotermas
Tr=T/Tc;
if T<=430.8 then
Psat=%e^(47.365+(-4084.5/T)-3.6469*log(T)+(1.79906*10^-17)*T^6) //Presión
de Saturación a cada T
Psat1=%e^(47.365+(-4084.5/197.7)-3.6469*log(197.7)+(1.79906*10^-
17)*197.7^6)
Pi=Psat;
salto=500+5000*i;
else
Pi=6884000
salto=100000
91
end
mprintf('\n Temperatura de sobrecalentamiento: %g \n ',T)
encabezado1=[" T P V H S U G A"]
encabezado2=[" K kPa m^3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg K kJ/kg kJ/kg
kJ/kg"]
disp(encabezado1)
disp(encabezado2)
tabla=[]
for P=Pi:-salto:3000 //Rango de presones de sobrecalentamiento a cada T, desde su P
sat hasta la Presion de REFERENCIA
i=i+1;
j=j+1;
vapsobre(i,1)=T;
tabla(j,1)=T;
vapsobre(i,2)=P;
tabla(j,2)=P*(1/1000);
Pr=P/Pc;
//DELTA DE GAS IDEAL
//Calculo del Cp de gas ideal
deff('z=Cp(t)','z=5.699+(0.801D-3)*t-(1.015D+5)*(t^(-2))')
cp=intg(197.7,T,Cp)
Cg=8.314*cp
deff('k=Cps(q)','k=(5.699+(0.801D-3)*q-(1.015D+5)*(q^(-2)))/q')
cps=intg(197.7,T,Cps)
Cs=8.314*cps
DS=Cs-8.314*log(P/(Psat1))
//Calculo de propiedades residuales, entalpia y entropia de liquido saturado
B=o*(Pr/Tr)
Q=(0.42748/(0.08664*Tr))*((1+(0.48+(1.574*0.245)-(0.176*0.245^2))*(1-
(Tr)^0.5))^2)
function h=FC2(z)
h=1+B-Q*B*((z-B)/((z)*(z+B)))-z
endfunction
[z]=fsolve(1,FC2)
derivada=(7.8262923*(((Tr)^0.5)-2.16950091))/(Tr)^2
I=log((z+B)/z)
//Propiedades residuales en el punto dos
HR2=(z-1+((Tr)*(derivada)*(I))*(8.314)*(T))
SR2=8.314*(log(z-B)+(Q+Tr*derivada)*I)
//Punto de referencia Href=0 y Sref=0
Tr1=(197.7)/(Tc)
Pr1=(Psat1/Pc)
B1=0.08664*((Pr1)/(Tr1))
Q1=(0.42748/(0.08664*Tr1))*((1+(0.48+1.574*0.245-0.176*0.245^2)*(1-
(Tr1)^0.5))^2)
function h1=FC11(z1)
92
h1=1+B1-Q1*B1*((z1-B1)/((z1)*(z1+B1)))-z1
endfunction
[z1]=fsolve(1,FC11)
derivada1=(7.8262923*(((Tr1)^0.5)-2.16950091))/(Tr1)^2
I1=log((z1+B1)/z1)
HR1=(z1-1+(Tr1)*(derivada1)*(I1))*(8.314)*(197.7)
SR1=8.314*(log(z1-B1)+(Q1+Tr1*derivada1)*I1)
//calculo entalpia de vaporizacion desde el punto de referencia
Hlv1=36760*((1-(197.7/Tc))^(0.4))
HSlv1=Hlv1/(197.7)
//volumen de sobrecalentamento
vapsobre(i,3)=(z*8.314*T)/(P)
tabla(j,3)=((z*8.314*T)/(P))*(1000/64.065)
//Entalpia entropia de vapor sobrecalentado kJ/kg
Hv=Hlv1-HR1+Cg+HR2
Hs=HSlv1-SR1+DS+SR2
vapsobre(i,4)=Hv
tabla(j,4)=Hv*(1/(64.065))
vapsobre(i,5)=Hs
tabla(j,5)=Hs*(1/(64.065))
//calculo energia interna y entropia para vapor sobrecalentado kJ/kg
Usb=tabla(j,4)-((tabla(j,2))*(tabla(j,3)))
Gsb=tabla(j,4)-((tabla(j,1))*(tabla(j,5)))
tabla(j,6)=Usb
tabla(j,7)=Gsb
Asb=tabla(j,6)-(tabla(j,1)*tabla(j,5))
tabla(j,8)=Asb
end
j=0;
disp(tabla);
end
//LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO
t=linspace(197.67,430.75,25)//K
w=0.245
pm=64.064 //masa molar
zc=0.269
tc=430.75
pc=7884//Kpa
R=8.314472
//Uso de la ecuación del DIPPR en la tabla 2-32 del Manual de Perry
function den=denssat(x)//Kg/m^3
c1=2.106
c8=0.25842
c3=430.75
c4=0.2895
den=(c1)/(c8^((1+(1-((x)/(c3)))^(c4))))*(pm)
93
endfunction
function ps=psat(x)//KPa
c1=47.365
c7=-4084.5
c3=-3.6469
c4=1.7990*10^-17
c5=6
ps=exp(c1+(c7/x)+c3*log(x)+(c4*x^c5))*(10^-3)
endfunction
function zcomp=z_comp(x, y)
tr=x/tc//K
pr=y/pc//KPa
m=0.48508+1.55171*w-0.15613*w^2
a=(1+m*(1-tr^0.5))^2
A=0.427480*(a*pr/tr^2)
B=0.086640*(pr/tr)
l=-A*B
j=A-B-B^2
P=poly([l,j,-1,1],'z','coeff')
r=roots(P)
zcomp=real(r(1))
endfunction
function hre=hrsrk(x, y, z)//y:parametro donde se almacena la presio x:parametro
donde se alamcana la temperatura
tr=x/tc
pr=y/pc//KPa
b=0.08664*((pr)/(tr))
m=0.48+1.574*0.245-0.176*0.245^2
a=(1+m*(1-tr^0.5))^2
q=(0.42748/0.08664)*(a/tr)
dq=((4.9339796860572*(m+1)*(m*(tr^0.5)-m-1))/(tr^2))
I=log((z+b)/z)
hre=(z-1+tr*dq*I)*R*x
endfunction
function sre=srsrk(x, y, z)
tr=x/tc
pr=y/pc//KPa
b=0.08664*((pr)/(tr))
m=0.48+1.574*0.245-0.176*0.245^2
a=(1+m*(1-tr^0.5))^2
q=(0.42748/0.08664)*(a/tr)
dq=((4.9339796860572*(m+1)*(m*(tr^0.5)-m-1))/(tr^2))
I=log((z+b)/z)
sre=(log(z-b)+(q+tr*dq)*I)*R
endfunction
function hv=hvap(x)//J/mol
94
c1=3.676*10^7
c2=0.4
c3=0
c4=0
hv=(c1*(1-(x/tc))^(c2+c3*(x/tc)+c4*(x/tc)^2))/1000
endfunction
for i=1:length(t)//creacion vector presion
p(i)=psat(t(i))//KPa
end
for i=1:length(t)//creacion de vector Z
Z(i)=z_comp(t(i),p(i))
end
function dhgi=deltahgi(x1, x)//TRAPECIO COMPUESTO
dhgi=R*(4.417*(x-x1)-((2.234e-3)/2)*((x)^2-x1^2)+((2.344e-5)/3)*((x)^3-
x1^3)-((3.271e-8)/4)*((x)^4-x1^4)+((1.393e-11)/5)*((x)^5-x1^5))
endfunction
function dhliq=dhhliq(ti, tj)
dhliq=((-0.002872*ti^2)-(0.085743*ti)+(0.002872*tj^2)+0.085743*tj)
endfunction
function Sgi=deltasgi(x1, x, y1, y)
Sgi=R*(4.417*log(x/x1)-(2.234e-3)*(x-x1)+((2.344e-5)/2)*((x)^2-(x1)^2)-
((3.271e-8)/3)*((x^3-x1^3)+((1.393e-11)/4)*((x)^4-x1^4)))-R*log(y/y1)
endfunction
function ssliq=deltssliq(xi, xj)
ssliq=(-0.085743*log(xi)-0.005744*xi+0.085743*log(xj)+0.005744*xj)
endfunction
for j=1:length(t)//controla tenperatura hasta donde integrar Cp en liquido comprimido
for i=j:length(t)
//CALCULO DE ENTALPIA
hlv=hvap(t(1))// calor latente de vaporizacion [J/mol]
hre=(hrsrk(t(1),p(1),Z(1)))// [J/mol] ENTALPIA RESIDUAL, en el estado T1 y P1
//CALCULO DE CAMBIO ENTALPIA GAS IDEAL
hgi(i)=deltahgi(t(1),t(i))// [J/mol] ENTALPIA DE GAS IDEAL
hret2(i)=(hrsrk(t(i),p(i),Z(i)))
//CALCULO DEL CALOR LATENTE DE CONDENSACION
hvl(i)=hvap(t(i))//[J/mol]
//CALCULO DE CP LIQUIDO*/
hliq(i)=dhhliq(t(i),t(j))
//H(i)=(hvap(t(1))-(hrsrk(t(1),p(1),Z(1)))+deltahgi(t(1),t(i))+(hrsrk(t(i),p(i),Z(i)))-
hvap(t(i))+dhhliq(t(i),t(j)))*(1/pm)//[KJ/Kg]
H(i)=(0+hlv-hre+hgi(i)+hret2(i)-hvl(i))*(1/pm)//[KJ/Kg]
//CALCULOS DE ENTROPIA
slv=hvap(t(1))/t(1)// calor latente de vaporizacion [J/mol]
sre=(srsrk(t(1),p(1),Z(1)))// [J/mol] ENTROPIA RESIDUAL, en el estado T1 y P1
sgi(i)=deltasgi(t(1),t(i),p(1),p(i))// [J/mol] CAMBIO DE ENTROPIA DE GAS IDEAL
sret2(i)=(srsrk(t(i),p(i),Z(i)))
95
//CALCULO DEL CAMBIO DE ENTROPIA DE CONDENSACION
svl(i)=hvap(t(i))/t(i)//[J/mol]
sliq(i)=deltssliq(t(i),t(j))//CAMBIO DE ENTROPIA DE LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO
//S(i)=((hvap(t(1))/t(1))-
(srsrk(t(1),p(1),Z(1)))+deltasgi(t(1),t(i),p(1),p(i))+(srsrk(t(i),p(i),Z(i)))-
(hvap(t(i))/t(i))+deltssliq(t(i),t(j)))*(1/pm)//KJ/Kg*K
S(i)=(0+slv-sre+sgi(i)+sret2(i)-svl(i))*(1/pm)//[KJ/Kg*K]
//VOLUMEN COMPRIMIDO
tr=t(j)/tc//K
k=(6.9547-76.2853*tr+(191.3060*tr^2)-(203.5472*tr^3)+(82.7631*tr^4))
n=(1.0-0.89*sqrt(w))*(%e)^k
rholiq(i)=(denssat(t(j))*(1+(9*zc*n*(p(i)-psat(t(j)))/pc))^(1/9))
V(i)=(1/rholiq(i))
end
for i=j:length(t)
//Hliq(j,i)=hliq(i)
ENTH(j,i)=H(i)+hliq(i)//[KJ/Kg]
ENTS(j,i)=S(i)+sliq(i)//[KJ/Kg*K]
VOL(j,i)=V(i) //[m^3/Kg]
UINT(j,i)=ENTH(j,i)-p(i)*V(i)//[KJ/Kg]
GIBBS(j,i)=ENTH(j,i)-t(i)*ENTS(j,i)//[KJ/Kg*K]
end
end
/*i=1:1:50
j=1:1:50
plot(ENTH(j,i),p(i))*/
//plot(ENTH(j,i),ENTS(j,i))
mprintf("\t\t\t\tTABLA TERMODINAAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO CON
VALORES DE ENTALPIA H EN [KJ/Kg]\n ")
mprintf("T[K]/P[KPa]")
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("\t%.5f ",p(i))
end
mprintf("\n")
for j=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.5f \t",t(j))
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.8f \t",ENTH(j,i))
end
mprintf("\n")
end
mprintf("\t\t\t\tTABLA TERMODINAAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO CON
VALORES DE ENTROPIA S EN [KJ/Kg*K]\n ")
mprintf("T[K]/P[KPa]")
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("\t%.4f ",p(i))
96
end
mprintf("\n")
for j=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.5f \t",t(j))
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.8f \t",ENTS(j,i))
end
mprintf("\n")
end
mprintf("\t\t\t\tTABLA TERMODINAAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO CON
VALORES DE VOLUMEN EN [m^3/Kg]\n ")
mprintf("T[K]/P[KPa]")
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("\t%.3f ",p(i))
end
mprintf("\n")
for j=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.5f \t",t(j))
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.10f \t",VOL(j,i))
end
mprintf("\n")
end
mprintf("\t\t\t\tTABLA TERMODINAAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO CON
VALORES DE ENERGIA INTERNA EN [KJ/Kg]\n ")
mprintf("T[K]/P[KPa]")
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.4f \t\t",p(i))
end
mprintf("\n")
for j=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.2f \t",t(j))
for i=1:length(t)
// if i<j
mprintf(" %.5f\t\t",UINT(j,i))
// else
//mprintf("\t%.5f\t",UINT(j,i))
// end
end
mprintf("\n")
end
mprintf("\t\t\t\tTABLA TERMODINAAMICA DE SO2 LIQUIDO COMPRIMIDO CON
VALORES DE ENERGIA LIBRE DE GIBBS EN [KJ/Kg*K]\n ")
mprintf("T[K]/P[KPa]")
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf(" %.4f\t\t",p(i))
97
end
mprintf("\n")
for j=1:length(t)
mprintf("%.3f\t",t(j))
for i=1:length(t)
mprintf("\t%.5f \t",GIBBS(j,i))
end
mprintf("\n")
end
//REGIÓN DE SATURACIÓN
//DECLARACIÓN DE DATOS DE DIÓXIDO DE AZUFRE
disp ("TABLA DE SATURACIÓN")
Tc=430.75; //temperatura crítica en K
Pc=7.884e6; //presión crítica en Pa
Tb=263.1; //temperatura normal de ebullición en K
w=0.245; //factor acéntrico
R=8.314; //constante de gas ideal en J/mol K
PM=64.064; //masa molar
//ESTADO DE REFERENCIA
Tref=197.7; //se toma como referencia liquido saturado en el punto triple donde H y S
son igual a 0
Pref=1.6602e3; //en Pa
T=linspace(Tref,Tc,200); //se genera el vector temperatura de 200 datos
for i=1:1:length(T)
//calculando las presiones de vapor para cada temperatura, utilizando la ecuación del
DIPPR debido a que se encuentra dentro del rango de aplicación
Psat(i)=exp(47.365+(-4084.5/T(i))+(-3.6469*log(T(i)))+((1.799e-17)*(T(i))^(6)));
//presión en Pa
//calculando Hvap con ecuación de DIPPR debido a que se encuentra dentro del rango
de aplicación
Tr(i)=T(i)/Tc;
Prsat(i)=Psat(i)/Pc;
Hvap(i)=((3.676e7)*(1-Tr(i))^(0.4))/1000;//Hvap está en unidades de J/mol
Svap(i)=Hvap(i)/(T(i)); // entropía de vaporización en J/mol K
//calculando entalpía y entropía de gas ideal
//al desarrollar la integral para entalpia y entropia de gas ideal con Cp obtenido de
Data Bank se obtienen las siguientes expresiones
Hgi(i)=R*(4.417*(T(i)-Tref)-((2.234e-3)/2)*((T(i))^2-Tref^2)+((2.344e-
5)/3)*((T(i))^3-Tref^3)-((3.271e-8)/4)*((T(i))^4-Tref^4)+((1.393e-
11)/5)*((T(i))^5-Tref^5)); //esta en J/mol
Sgi(i)=R*(4.417*log(T(i)/Tref)-(2.234e-3)*(T(i)-Tref)+((2.344e-5)/2)*((T(i))^2-
Tref^2)-((3.271e-8)/3)*((T(i))^3-Tref^3)+((1.393e-11)/4)*((T(i))^4-Tref^4))-
R*log(Psat(i)/Psat(1)); //esta en J/mol K
//ahora se procede a obtener las propiedades residuales con ecuación de Soave
Redlich Kwong
98
sigma=1; eps=0; omeg=0.08664; psi=0.42748;
alfa=(1+(0.48+1.574*w-0.176*w^2)*(1-(Tr(i))^0.5))^2;
derivada=(psi/omeg)*((0.030976*(((Tr(i))^0.5)*(w^2-8.9431818181*w-
2.727272)-w^2+8.94318182*w+8.409091)*(w^2-8.94318182*w-
8.409091))/(Tr(i))^2);
bet=omeg*(Prsat(i)/Tr(i));
q=((psi*alfa)/(omeg*Tr(i)));
zetav=1;
zv=1+bet-q*bet*((zetav-bet)/((zetav+eps*bet)*(zetav+sigma*bet)));
n=0;
while zv<>zetav
zetav=zv;
zv=1+bet-q*bet*((zetav-bet)/((zetav+eps*bet)*(zetav+sigma*bet)));
n=n+1;
if n==100 then
break
end
end
zetal=bet;
zl=bet+(zetal+eps*bet)*(zetal+sigma*bet)*((1+bet-zetal)/(q*bet));
n=0;
while zl<>zetal
zetal=zl;
zl=bet+(zetal+eps*bet)*(zetal+sigma*bet)*((1+bet-zetal)/(q*bet));
n=n+1;
if n==100 then
break
end
end
Vvap(i)=(zv*R*T(i))/(Psat(i)); //las unidades están dadas en m3/mol
Vliq(i)=(zl*R*T(i))/(Psat(i));
I=(1/(sigma-eps))*(log((zv+sigma*bet)/(zv+eps*bet)));
Hr(i)=R*T(i)*(zv-1+Tr(i)*I*derivada); //unidades en J/mol
Sr(i)=R*(log(zv-bet)+(q+Tr(i)*derivada)*I); //unidades en J/mol K
end
for j=1:1:length(T)
//calculando entalpía de liquido y vapor saturado en kJ/kg
Hvsat(j)=(0+Hvap(1)-Hr(1)+Hgi(j)+Hr(j))/PM;
Hlsat(j)=(0+Hvap(1)-Hr(1)+Hgi(j)+Hr(j)-Hvap(j))/PM;
//calculando entropía de líquido y vapor saturado en kJ/kg K
Svsat(j)=(0+Svap(1)-Sr(1)+Sgi(j)+Sr(j))/PM;
Slsat(j)=(0+Svap(1)-Sr(1)+Sgi(j)+Sr(j)-Svap(j))/PM;
//convirtiendo los volumenes de vap y liq saturado a m3/kg
Vvap(j)=Vvap(j)*1000/PM;
Vliq(j)=Vliq(j)*1000/PM;
//calculando energía interna de liq y vap saturado en kJ/kg
99
Uvsat(j)=Hvsat(j)-(Psat(j)*Vvap(j))/1000;
Ulsat(j)=Hlsat(j)-(Psat(j)*Vliq(j))/1000;
//calculando energía libre de Gibbs de liq y vap saturado en kJ/kg
Gvsat(j)=Hvsat(j)-T(j)*Svsat(j);
Glsat(j)=Hlsat(j)-T(j)*Slsat(j);
end
//lineas isotermas
100
plot(Psat,Hvsat,'black',Psat,Hlsat,'black',Psat,Hcal,'--
b',Pre1,Iso1,'g',Pre2,Iso2,'g',Pre3,Iso3,'g',Pre4,Iso4,'g')
//plot(Pre1,Iso1,'g')
//plot(Pre5,Iso5,'g')
//plot(Pre3,Iso3,'g')
//plot(Pre4,Iso4,'g')
//DIAGRAMA DE MOLLIER
Iso5=[109.262 150.85664 507.019 504.25939]//T=300
entr5=[0.468195 0.61304 1.8002 2.2605042]
Iso6=[204.998 230.54099 524.2575 535.66278]//T=350
entr6=[0.760598 0.85147 1.6907 2.059622]
Iso7=[262.214 272.68873 525.9503 551.6766]//T=375
entr7=[0.91338 0.96402 1.6394 2.0148325]
Iso8=[415.057 319.30009 518.9225 567.31478]//T= 400
entr8=[1.22438 1.07983 1.5789 1.9668427]
scf (2)
lz=0; lw=0;
plot(lz,lw,'black');
plot(lz,lw,'--r');
legend('Domo de Saturación','Lineas de Calidad 10%-90%')
title('Diagrama de Mollier del Dióxido de Azufre(SO2)');
xlabel('Entropía (kJ/kg K)');ylabel('Entalpía (kJ/kg)');
X=0;
for i=1:1:11
for j=1:1:length(T)
Hcal2(j,i)=(1-X)*Hlsat(j)+X*Hvsat(j);
Scal2(j,i)=(1-X)*Slsat(j)+X*Svsat(j);
end
X=X+0.1;
end
function [y]=f(x)
y=((Hvsat(1)-Hlsat(1))/(Svsat(1)-Slsat(1)))*x;
endfunction
plot(Svsat,Hvsat,'black',Slsat,Hlsat,'black',Scal,Hcal,'--
r',Scal2,f(Scal2),'b',entr5,Iso5,'g',entr6,Iso6,'g',entr7,Iso7,'g',entr8,Iso8,'g')
101
13.0 Conclusiones
102
14.0 Referencias
Green, D., & Perry, R. (2008). Perry´s chemical engineers´ handbook (Octava ed.).
New York, United State of America: McGraw-Hill.
Poling, B. E., Prausnitz, J. M., & O' Connell, J. P. (2001). The properties of gases
and liquids (Quinta ed.). New York, United State of America: McGraw-Hill.
Smith, J., Van Ness, H., & Abbott, M. (2007). Introducción a la termodinámica en
Ingeniería Química (Séptima ed.). México D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Yaws, C. L., & Braker, W. (2001). Matheson gas data book (septima ed.). Houston ,
Texas, Estados Unidos : McGraw Hill Professional.
103
15.0 Anexos: Rúbricas de evaluación
104