SHMT Assignment (Complex Engineering Problem)

L.K= Butane H.K= Pentane H.N.K= Hexane and heptane

Component Feed Distillate Bottoms Material Balance Eqns.

n-C4 0.24 0.97 0.06 F=D+W
C5 0.39 0.03 0.48 xfi (F) = xdi (D) + xwi (W)
C6 0.17 0 0.21
C7 0.2 0 0.25
F = 100 D = 19.8 W = 80.2

Step 2: Find Temperature of the top of the column by Dew Point Calculations.
Top Temperature
Dew Point Calculations
Е(xd) = Е(xd/K)
Column1 Column2 Temperature= 300K Column3 Temperature= 350K Column4 Temperature= 345K
Component xd K xd/K K xd/K K
n-C4 0.97 0.35 2.7714285714 1.1 0.8818181818 1
C5 0.03 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.075 0.39
Е(xd/K) 2.33 Е(xd/K) 0.9123 Е(xd/K)
So, Top Temperature (K) = 345K

Step 3: Find Temperature at the bottom of the column by Bubble Point Calculations.
Bottom Temperature
Bubble point Calculations
Е(xw) = Е(xw*K)
Column1 Column2 Temperature= 400K Column3 Temperature= 450K Column4 420K
Component xw K K*xw K K*xw K
n-C4 0.06 2.2 0.132 4 0.24 3
C5 0.48 1.1 0.528 2.4 1.152 1.5
C6 0.21 0.7 0.147 1.4 0.294 1
C7 0.25 0.32 0.08 0.8 0.2 0.6
Е(xw*K) = 0.887 Е(xw*K) 1.886 Е(xw*K)

So, Bottom temperature (K) = 430K

Step 4: Find Pinch Temperatures

Calculation of Pinch Temperatures

Tn (K) = 373.33k
Tm (K) = 401.667k

Step 5: Apply Coulburn method of minimum Reflux to find Rm.

Approximate Minimum Reflux Ratio

Temperature = 373.33k
Component K-value ᾀ xf ᾀ*xf
n-C4 1.8 2.25 - -
C5 0.8 1- -
C6 0.32 0.4 0.03 0.012

C7 0.15 0.1875 0.2 0.0375

E(ᾀ*xf) = 0.0495
So, upper pich temp. = Tn = 373.33k
Now,
rf = xf4/xf5 = 0.6153846154
xn4 = 0.3629846412
xn5 = 0.589850042
So,
Rm = 0.984
 Check on Minimum Reflux Ratio

For components lighter than heavy key

xn4 = 0.7804878049
xn5 = 0.2195121951
Е(K*xn) = 0.976
So,
rn = 3.5555555556

Stream Flows in the system by Material Balance

On the basis of Rm
Ln = 20.945424
Vn = 42.231424
Lm = 120.945424
Vm = 42.231424
Lm/W = 1.5365173159

Temperature = 401.667K
Component K-value ᾀ ᾀAB - ᾀ xm K*xm bm
n-C4 2.41 2.2110091743 0.0609313995 0.1468446728 -
C5 1.09 1 1.2110091743 0.5703571495 0.6216892929 -
C6 0.68 0.623853211 1.5871559633 0.1903937883 0.1294677761 1.01
C7 0.211 0.1935779817 2.0174311927 0.1783176627 0.0376250268 0.85
E(K*xm)= 0.9356267686 E(bmᾀxm)=
So, lower pich temp. = Tm = 401.667K

rm = 0.1068302547
(rm/rn) = 0.0300460091
Ѱ= 0.1493061712
Ѱ & (rm/rn) are near enough
So, Rm = 0.9964883719
Now,
 R/Rm = 1.2
So, R= 1.1808
Now, on the basis of R, find stream flows
Ln = 25.1345088
Vn = 46.4205088
Lm = 125.1345088
Vm = 46.4205088

Step 6: Apply Lewis-Metheson Method to perform stage by stage calculations and find minimum number of plates required.

Use operating line & equilibrium relation

Ln/Vn = 0.5414526779
D/Vn = 0.4585473221
Lm/Vm = 2.6956729264
W/Vm = 1.6956729264

Stage # Component ᾀi5 (at 430K) xi ᾀi*xi yi

0 n-C4 1.894 0.06 0.11364 0.2308911374
C5 0.494 0.48 0.23712 0.4817749604
C6 0.452 0.21 0.09492 0.1928562721

C7 0.186 0.25 0.0465 0.0944776301

E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.49218
1 n-C4 1.894 0.1233946113 0.2337093938 0.390186053
C5 0.494 0.480658448 0.2374452733 0.3964232352
C6 0.452 0.2036402789 0.0920454061 0.1536730429
C7 0.186 0.1923066618 0.0357690391 0.0597176688
E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.5989691123
2 n-C4 1.894 0.1824874316 0.3456311954 0.5036291683
C5 0.494 0.448995955 0.2218040018 0.3231969985
 C6 0.452 0.1891046768 0.0854753139 0.1245485414
C7 0.186 0.1794119367 0.0333706202 0.0486252917
E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.6862811312
3 n-C4 1.894 0.2245708439 0.4253371783 0.5694555099
C5 0.494 0.4218315924 0.2083848067 0.278992485
C6 0.452 0.1783005094 0.0805918303 0.1078990131
C7 0.186 0.1752970543 0.0326052521 0.043652992
E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.7469190673
4 n-C4 1.894 0.2489901052 0.4715872592 0.6031039999
C5 0.494 0.4054332701 0.2002840354 0.2561394536
C6 0.452 0.172124119 0.0778001018 0.0994970744
C7 0.186 0.1734525057 0.0322621661 0.0412594722
E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.7819335625

Introduce Feed at 5th Plate

Now, Use Top Operating Line
5 n-C4 1.894 0.2614725134 0.4952289405 0.6191806633
C5 0.494 0.3969555979 0.1960960654 0.2451772946
C6 0.452 0.1690072948 0.0763912972 0.0955114094
C7 0.186 0.1725645939 0.0320970145 0.0401306327
E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.7998133175
6 n-C4 1.894 0.3220775665 0.610014911 0.6669220744
C5 0.494 0.4274073882 0.2111392498 0.2308360401
C6 0.452 0.1763984432 0.0797320963 0.0871701562
C7 0.186 0.0741166021 0.013785688 0.0150717293
E(ᾀi*xi)= 0.9146719451
7 n-C4 1.894 0.4102503894 0.7770142375 0.7378944462
C5 0.494 0.4009207624 0.1980548566 0.1880835275
C6 0.452 0.1609931204 0.0727688904 0.0691052461
C7 0.186 0.0278357278 0.0051774454 0.0049167802
E(ᾀi*xi)= 1.05301543
 8 n-C4 1.894 0.5413280897 1.0252754018 0.8243738257
C5 0.494 0.3219618537 0.1590491557 0.1278836503
C6 0.452 0.1276293366 0.0576884602 0.0463844705
C7 0.186 0.00908072 0.0016890139 0.0013580535
E(ᾀi*xi)= 1.2437020316
9 n-C4 1.894 0.701045426 1.3277800369 0.9025805747
C5 0.494 0.2107796957 0.1041251697 0.0707808168
C6 0.452 0.0856667117 0.0387213537 0.0263214845
C7 0.186 0.0025081666 0.000466519 0.000317124
E(ᾀi*xi)= 1.4710930792
10 n-C4 1.894 0.8454841779 1.601347033 0.9557680408
C5 0.494 0.1053174163 0.0520268037 0.0310523298
C6 0.452 0.0486127146 0.021972947 0.0131146092
C7 0.186 0.0005856912 0.0001089386 6.5020253E-05
E(ᾀi*xi)= 1.6754557222
So,
Minimum Number of Plates = 10
Tray Efficiency (given) = 75.5
Actual Number of Plates = 10/0.755 =14 (approx.)

Results:
Light Key n-C4
Heavy Key n-C5
Heavy Non Keysn-C6 & n-C7
Light Non Keys Nil

Flow Rates:
Distillate (D) 19.8 kmol/hr
Waste (W) 80.2 kmol/hr

Minimum Number of trays = 10

Actual Number of trays = 14
Minimum Reflux Ratio with Rigorous Method = Rm = 0.9964883719

Operating Reflux Ratio = R= 1.1957860463

Column5 Column6
xd/K
0.97
0.0769230769
0.993

Column5 430k Column6 Column7 Column8 Column9 Column10 Column11

K*xw K K*xw
0.18 3.1 0.186
0.72 1.7 0.816
0.21 1.1 0.231
0.15 0.7 0.175
1.26 0.9633
bmᾀxm
-
-
0.119965554
0.0293406173
0.1493061712