RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES HAVING VARIOUS PLANTING DATES IN

DIFFERENT AGROCLIMATIC ZONES OF INDIAN PUNJAB

JASHANDEEP SINGH*, SUDHIR KUMAR MISHRA AND KULDEEP SINGH

Punjab Agricultural University
Regional Research Station, Faridkot
*Corresponding author: jashandeep-soccam@pau.edu

ABSTRACT
This research conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station,
Faridkot and Gurdaspur during 2017-18. The experiment was consisted with three planting dates (25th
February, 25th March and 25th April) in main plots and four sugarcane cultivars (CoPb 91, CoJ 88, Co
118 and Co 238) in subplots of split plot design with three replications. The planting was delayed
from 25th February to 25th March, cane yield decreased by 18.4 % at Faridkot and 15.5 % at
Gurdaspur, whereas yield reduced drastically 36.9 % and 31.2 % with further delay in planting until
25th April, respectively. At both the sites, 25th February contributed highest cane yield, it primarily
attributed by multifarious character like tillers population, single cane weight, millable canes as well
as juice extraction and sucrose per cent as compared to later crop. In the cultivars side, cane yield
(117.19 and 131.03 t ha -1) of CoPb 91 was 4.3 and 8.9 % higher than CoJ 88, 20.4 and 25.9 % than
Co 118, 18.0 and 14.0 % than Co 238, respectively at Faridkot and Gurdaspur. Among various
planting environments, Co 238 at Gurdaspur and CoJ 88 at Faridkot exhibited consistent cane yield,
while Co 118 exhibited unstable performance, at both the locations. Consequently, CoJ 88 at Faridkot
and Co 118 at Gurdaspur was preferable for planting between 25th February and 25th March but
planting between 25th March and 25th April, CoPb 91 was more suitable for cultivation, at both the
locations.

INTRODUCTION

Among agro processing industries, sugar industry shares a significant fraction, about 70 per
cent of sugar is prepared from sugarcane. Thus sugarcane is an inevitable raw material for sugar and
related industries around the world. The economic importance of the sugarcane is even more
considerable than its contribution in the gross cropped area. Along with Brazil (768 million tonnes)
and China (123 million tonnes), India (348 million tonnes) also constitute for massive production of
sugar (FAO 2016). Still, India can hardly fulfill only ~75 % of the projected sugar requirements. Due
to high competition for food, fiber and oilseeds, there is very less scope to increase the area under
sugarcane crop to fulfill the projected demand for sugar in the country. Therefore, to meet the rising
demand for sugar and other sugarcane products, it is necessary to increase sugarcane productivity.
Punjab holds tenth rank in sugarcane production (6.76 million tonnes) amongst various Indian
states, with highest producing districts being Hoshiarpur, Gurdaspur, Jalandhar and they jointly
contribute about 57.36 per cent of total production. But, sugarcane productivity of Punjab (60.15
tonnes hectare) is less than the average sugarcane productivity of the country (65.55 tones hectare).
These variations of sugarcane production might be due to distinct environmental and management
factors. Climatic variation and harsh weather conditions decrease the production of sugarcane,
whereas extreme temperature and long dry spells decline comfortability of sugarcane in non-rainy
season. Though, agroclimatic conditions of Punjab have potential to increase the sugarcane
production but the spatio-temporal variability in the weather parameters often lead to the declined
cane and sugar yields in different regions of the state.
Another eminent factor which determines sugarcane production in north India is its planting
date. It affects yields, crop development, crop maturity and sucrose percentage (Ryan et al., 2005). As
the plantation of sugarcane is delayed from February to April/May, the tillering time squeezes and
productivity decreases (Pandey and Shukla., 2001). It was observed by Tripathi and Pandey (1993)
that different sugarcane varieties planted in the middle of February, March, April and May showed
decrease of yield from 86.9 to 38.2 (t ha-1) as moving from spring to summer. Also, Shiv and
Srivastava (1993) founded mid-March as optimum planting time for getting high cane yield, which
decreased with delaying planting. Besides, rapid emergence of summer planted crop it is highly prone
to shoot mortality that lead to fewer millable canes at ripening. Verma et al., (1996) too reported 25 to
62 % tillers mortality under different planting seasons in plant crop of sugarcane and it was maximum
experienced by summer crop than autumn and/or spring planted crop. Generally, April/May planted
sugarcane experience high temperature stress, which caused a shortened tillering phase resulting into
the reduction in the productivity of delayed (April/May) planting than February (Pandey and Shukla.,
2001, 2003) planted crop. Mishra et al., (2016) suggested that shifting of planting time of sugarcane
from February to March and April respective cane yield was decreased by 4.0 and 11.1 % from mean
cane yield (92.3 t ha-1) of February planted crop. They also concluded that the cane yield can be
increased by 8.1 % only with planting of sugarcane in March instead of April.
In order to obtain well established sugarcane crop appropriate planting time of selected
genotypes is a governing factor of potential productivity at any region. The late planted sugarcane
crop gets short time for physiological development and reduces production. The sugarcane crop can
be suitably grown from February to March in north India, but for obtaining better yield the
identification of the optimum date of planting, compatible to local edaphic and weather conditions is
very vital. Therefore, selection of suitable planting time is key component for determining the
production potential of sugarcane. The present study put emphasis on response of sugarcane cultivars
with varying planting dates in two agroclimatic zones of Punjab.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

The present investigation was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Regional Research
Station (RRS), Faridkot (latitude 30°40’ N, longitude 74°44’ E and altitude 200 m above mean sea
level) which lies in the western plain zone (agroclimatic zone-IV) of Punjab having semi-arid and
subtropical climate and at PAU RRS, Gurdaspur (latitude 32°40’ N, longitude 75°40’ E and altitude
241 m above mean sea level) that falls under the northern part of the state representing undulating
plain zone (agroclimatic zone-II) of Punjab. The soil physio-chemical characteristics revealed that the
soil of experimental site was sandy loam at Faridkot and silt loam at Gurdaspur (Table 5). The field
experiments were carried out in split plot design with three planting dates in main plot and four
sugarcane varieties in sub plot at both the locations during 2017-18. First planting was done on 25th
February, second on 25th March and third on 25th April in 2017 with four cultivars CoPb 91, CoJ 88,
Co 118 and Co 238, harvested in January 2018. Different agronomic practices were adopted from
Standard Package and Practice at various stages of the crop growth for both the locations.
The meteorological observations were recorded during entire crop season from agro
meteorological observatory established at PAU Regional Research Station, Faridkot and PAU
Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur. The daily meteorological data were converted into monthly
average at both the locations. The monthly maximum temperature ranged between 9.1 °C (January)
and 39.5 °C (May) at Faridkot, while at Gurdaspur monthly maximum temperature varied between
18.6 °C (January) and 38.74 °C (May). Furthermore, monthly minimum temperature ranged from 5.7
°C (January) to 28.2 °C (July) at Faridkot whereas, monthly minimum temperature was 5.3 °C during
January and 25.6 °C in July at Gurdaspur. Total rainfall was recorded 396.4 mm at Faridkot and 807.4
mm at Gurdaspur. Number of parameters such as tiller population, millable canes, single cane weight,
cane yield, extraction percentage, brix percentage, sucrose percentage, purity percentage, CCS
percentage and CCS (t ha-1) were recorded at both the locations and results are discussed below.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Number of tillers (000/ha)

The tillers population increased gradually up to 120 DAP thereafter; it decreased until 150
DAP possibly due to the mortality of young emerged shoots. It may be due to competition among
tillers for light, nutrients, air and moisture. It was also opined by Sattar et al., (2014) that during
tillering stage, high temperature and moderate rainfall were enhancing factors. Tiller population
varied (late to early) 110.39 to 154.11 thousand/ha at 120 DAP and 107.33 to 140.33 (thousand/ha) at
150 DAP in Faridkot and 102.18 to 129.76 thousand/ha and 97.68 to 117.67 thousand/ha for
respective intervals, at Gurdaspur. The early planting (25th February) of sugarcane responded into the
production of more tillers, however delayed and late planted crops were in subsequent orders.
Initially, tillers mortality was almost negligible in mid planted crop but after 150 DAP to harvest,
19.08 % tiller mortality was recorded at Faridkot. As for as, planting time of sugarcane is concerned
Pandey and Shukla (2001) observed reduced tiller population along with decreased cane yield from
February to April/May planted sugarcane due to shortened span of time for tillering phase. Likewise,
Verma et al (1996) also recorded 25 to 62 % tillers mortality in the summer planted crop of
sugarcane. Moreover, summer crop was threatened with the high tillers mortality than spring season
(Singh et al 2017). Among cultivars at 120 DAP, CoJ 88 recorded significantly high number of tillers
(145.26) from other cultivars whereas at 150 DAP, tillers population of CoJ 88 (136.19) was at par
with Co 238 at Faridkot while at Gurdaspur, CoJ 88 produced significantly high tillers at both
intervals (i.e., 120 and 150 DAP). Interaction between the planting dates and cultivars remained
insignificant except for Gurdaspur at 120 DAP.

Number of millable canes (000/ha)

Highest number (113.83 thousand/ha) of millable canes (NMC) have been recorded from
early (25th February) crop that was statistically at par (107.17 thousand/ha) with 25 th March crop but,
significantly higher (90.72 thousand/ha) than 25th April planted crop at Faridkot. However at
Gurdaspur, it was 107.26, 97.03 and 86.82 thousand /ha for crop planted at respective dates. Tiller
population was relatively poor under 25th April (late) planted crop that resulted into to the lesser NMC
at the end of the crop season. Similarly, Shiv and Srivastava (1993) reported that the crop planted in
March could produce more NMC, which was decreased with delay in planting. Results of our study
are also in the conformity with the findings of Singh et al (2017) who reported that NMC got reduced
in sugarcane planted in summer season. On the other hand, among the cultivars NMC were high
(112.59 thousand /ha) in CoJ 88 that was statistically at par with Co 238 (100.89 thousand /ha) and
CoPb 91 (105.48 thousand /ha) but, considerably higher than Co 118 (96.67 thousand/ha) at Faridkot.
Whereas, at Gurdaspur also by producing 111.03 thousand/ha NMC cultivar CoJ 88 was again
significantly more efficient than CoPb 91 (98.03 thousand/ha) and Co 238 (96.35 thousand /ha).
Interaction between the planting dates and cultivars was non-significant, at both the locations.

Cane yield (tha-1)

In early planted crop, significantly higher cane yield (128.39 t ha-1) at Faridkot and 136.6 t ha-
1
at Gurdaspur has been observed The early planted crop produced 18.4 % more cane yield than mid
planting crop and 36.9 % more than late planting crop at Faridkot whereas, at Gurdaspur difference of
cane yield between early and mid-planted crop was 15.49 % that was 31.21 % between early and late
crop (Table 4.15). The previous study carried out by Singh et al (2017) also confirmed that 46 % cane
yield of summer planted sugarcane was decreased as compared to the yield of autumn crop. Similarly,
Tripathi and Pandey (1993) reported 86.9 to 38.2 t ha-1 decreased cane yield with delay in planting
from April to May. The delayed planting from spring to summer decreased the duration of the tillering
phase that caused declined sugarcane productivity (Pandey and Shukla, 2001; 2003). Between the
cultivars, cane yield was significantly higher in CoPb 91 (117.19 t ha-1) and CoJ 88 (112.15 t ha-1)
followed by Co 118 (93.33 t ha-1) and Co 238 (96.07 t ha-1) at Faridkot while at Gurdaspur, CoPb 91
produced more cane yield by 8.87, 25.89 and 14.01 % than Co 88, Co 118 and Co 238, respectively.
 Among various planting environments of selected cultivars, consistent cane yield was
obtained by cultivars Co 238 under agroclimatic zone-II (Gurdaspur), whereas performance of CoJ 88
more stable under agroclimatic zone-IV (Faridkot). Hence, these cultivars can be preferred for
cultivation in the respective agroclimatic zones of Punjab. However, Co 118 exhibited very unstable
performance, at both locations. For planting between 25 February and 25 March, CoJ 88 is preferable
for Faridkot and Co 118 for Gurdaspur. However, for planting between 25 March and 25 April, CoPb
91 is suitable for both locations. Interaction between the dates of planting and cultivars remained non-
significant, at both locations.
Single cane weight (kg)
Single cane weight (SCW) was significantly heavier 1.23 kg in 25th February (early) crop
followed by 1.07 kg in 25th March (mid) and 0.99 kg in 25thApril (late) planting crop at Faridkot.
However at Gurdaspur, it was 1.39 kg for early that was statistically at par with 1.29 kg mid but,
significantly differed with 1.17 kg late planted crop. Outcome of present study are similar as Singh et.
al. (2017) who recorded lower cane weight in summer than spring and autumn planted sugarcane.
Among the cultivars, cane weight was significantly higher (1.21-1.43 kg) in CoPb 91 followed by
(1.09-1.19 kg) in CoJ 88, (1.05-1.26) in Co118 and (1.04-1.26 kg) in Co 238, at both the locations.
Interaction between planting dates and cultivars continued non-significant.
Extraction per cent
Extraction percentage was analyzed before the juice analysis. At Faridkot, it was minimum
(53.45 %) in late planted sugarcane but, maximum (55.90 %) was in the crop planted 2 months earlier.
Similarly at Gurdaspur, the crop planted in different environments followed similar trend as Faridkot
with ranging between 52.73 % for late and 56.07 % for early crop, respectively. The early crop with
larger growing length could obtain higher juice extraction percentage than the late planted crop with
shorter length of growing season and vice versa. Though, the juice extraction percentage did not
significantly differ among the cultivars but, Co 118 recorded highest extraction percentage than other
cultivars.
Brix per cent
The brix percentage followed similar pattern as extraction percentage among the planting
dates. It was significantly high (18.48 %) in early planted crop followed by 18.27 and 17.59 % in
delayed and late crop at Faridkot. However, brix percentage was least in CoPb 91 (17.53 %) and Co
238 (17.93 %) at Faridkot, while at Gurdaspur, again same cultivars didn’t perform well in brix
percentage by 17.53 % and 17.92 %, respectively. It was decreased with delay in planting as evident
by Shiv and Srivastava (1993). Interaction between planting dates and cultivars was significantly
different, at both locations.
Sucrose per cent
Sucrose percentage also influenced significantly by planting dates and cultivars at Faridkot
and at Gurdaspur. In early (25th February) planted crop, it was significantly higher (16.50 %) than
(16.14 %) mid (25th March) and (15.75 %) late (25th April) crop at Faridkot whereas, at Gurdaspur it
was 16.80, 16.03 and 15.74 % respectively. Results of presented study are in lined with the finding of
Singh et. al. (2017) who confirmed that sucrose content reduced drastically in summer crop than
spring and autumn crop. Likewise, Shiv and Srivastava (1993) also observed decreased sucrose
percentage under late planted (April) sugarcane. Sugarcane cultivar Co 118 recorded significantly
more sucrose content 16.68 % at Faridkot and 16.60 % at Gurdaspur, that was statistically at par with
CoJ 88 (16.63 and 16.57 %) but, higher than Co 238 (15.64 and 15.92 %) and CoPb 91 (15.55 and
15.68 %). The cultivar CoPb 91 showed minimum difference in sucrose content between delayed (25
March) and late (25 April) planting in both zones. Similarly, CoJ 88 (at Faridkot) and Co 118 (at
Gurdaspur) exhibited comparatively more consistent performance of sucrose content under different
planting dates. At both the locations, dates of planting significantly affected the sucrose content of
different cultivars.
Purity per cent
The crop planted during 25th April recorded maximum (89.52 %) purity in the cane juice that
was significantly higher (88.32 %) from mid (25th March) planted crop at Faridkot. Similarly at
Gurdaspur, it was 90.48 % under early followed by 88.84 % for mid and 88.68 % for late planted
crop. In cultivar Co 118, purity percentage (90.73 %) was significantly high than CoJ 88 (89.46 %),
CoPb 91 (88.73 %) and Co 238 (87.22 %) at Faridkot, while at Gurdaspur Co 118 (89.69 %), CoJ 88
(89.46 %), CoPb 91 (89.39 %) and Co 238 (88.78 %). The purity percentage in the cane juice was
significantly affected with the interactions of dates of planting and cultivars, at both locations.
Commercial cane sugar per cent
Commercial cane sugar percentage (CCS %) was highest (11.46 and 11.75 %) in early crop
than (11.16 and 11.12 %) mid-planted (10.96 and 10.90 %) and late planted crop at Faridkot and
Gurdaspur. Outcomes of our study explained that early planted crop could produce maximum CCS %
than later plantings due to favourable weather conditions during growing period. Similar results have
been found by Shiv and Srivastava (1993) who reported that late planted crop significantly reduced
sugar percentage. At Faridkot and Gurdaspur, among the cultivars sugar percentage was maximum
(11.68 and 11.56 %) in Co 118 that was at par with (11.57 and 11.53 %) CoJ 88 but, Co238
statistically differed (10.75 and 11.03 %) from CoPb 91 (10.78 and 10.90 %). The planting dates and
cultivars interaction had significant differences at Faridkot but, non-significant at Gurdaspur.
Commercial cane sugar (CCS t ha-1)
In early planted sugarcane, commercial cane sugar (CCS t ha -1) was maximum (14.71 t ha-1)
than (11.65 t ha-1) mid-crop and (8.87 t ha-1) late planted crop at Faridkot whereas, at Gurdaspur, it
followed similar patterns as Faridkot and produced more sugar from early (15.99 t ha -1) followed by
(12.79 t ha-1) mid and (10.19 t ha-1) late planted crop. Nevase et. al. (2004) also reported that
commercial cane sugar (t ha-1) decreased in late (18th SMW) planted crop than early planted (45th
SMW) crop. Among cultivars, better performance has been observed by CoJ 88 (12.97 t ha -1) that was
statistically at par with CoPb 91 (12.65 t ha-1) but, significantly differed from Co 118 (10.99 t ha-1)
and Co 238 (10.35 t ha-1) at Faridkot while, it was higher (14.35 t ha-1) in CoPb 91 that has no
significant difference with CoJ 88 (13.83 t ha-1) but, significantly varied from Co 118 (11.27 t ha-1)
and Co 238 (12.50 t ha-1) at Gurdaspur. Interaction between dates of planting and cultivars was
insignificant, at both the locations.

REFERENCE

Mishra. S. K., Singh. G. and Singh. K. (2016). Sugarcane growth and yield simulation under varying
planting dates in sub-tropical India. J of Agromet 19: 200-04.

Nevase. V.B, Thoart. S.T., Jamble. A.S, Jadhav. M.G. and Ramteke. J.R. (2004) Effect of times of
planting on the cane yield of sugarcane varieties. J. of Agromet 6: 85-87

Pandey. M. B. and Shukla. S. K. (2001) Response of sugarcane (Sacharum spp. Hybrid complex) to
planting seasons and nitrogen levels. Ind J Agril Sci 71: 261-63.

Pandey. M. B. and Shukla. S. K. (2003) Growth-cum tillering pattern and its effect on productivity of
sugarcane (Sacharumspp Hybrid complex) genotypes under different planting seasons and
nitrogen levels in subtropical India. Ind J Agril Sci 73: 23-8.

Ryan, P. V., E. P. Richard, D. D. Garrison, E. O. Dufrene. and T. L. Tew. (2005) Sugarcane cultivar
yield responses to planting date. J. Amer. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., 25: 78- 87.

Sattar. A., Khan. S. A. and Kumar. M. (2014) Crop Weather Relationship and Cane Yield Prediction
of Sugarcane in Bihar.J of Agri Phys 14: 150-55

Shiv. K. and Srivastava. S. N. L. (1993) Response of sugarcane genotypes to planting dates and their
effect on succeeding ratoon cane. Indian Sugar 43: 101-04.

Singh. K., Mishra. S. K., Singh. R. S. (2017) Performance of sugarcane genotype grown under
varying weather conditions in south western Punjab. J of Agromet 19: 81-91.

Tripathi. S. C. and Pandey. D. S. (1993) Effect of planting dates on yield and quality of sugarcane
(Saccharum sp.) varieties. Ind J of Agron 38: 339-40.

Verma. R. S., Shukla. S. K., Singh. G. B. and Lal. J. (1996) Agro techniques to enhance sugar
productivity of mid late varieties for early crushing. Ind J Sug Tech 11: 38-41.
Table 1: Effect of planting dates under various sugarcane varieties on number of tillers (000/ha)
at Faridkot and Gurdaspur during 2017-18

Faridkot: Agroclimatic zone - IV Gurdaspur : Agroclimatic zone - II

Treatments 120 DAP 150 DAP 120 DAP 150 DAP

Dates of planting

25th February 154.11 140.33 129.76 117.67

25th March 130.11 132.69 116.16 111.83

25th April 110.39 107.33 102.18 97.68

CD (0.05) 10.48 14.73 10.85 7.46

CV (%) 7.03 10.25 8.25 6.03

Cultivars

CoPb 91 126.67 121.96 114.52 108.89

CoJ 88 145.26 136.19 138.83 127.07

Co 118 120.74 118.70 102.00 93.78

Co 238 133.48 130.30 108.77 106.49

CD (0.05) 14.11 12.63 8.93 7.40

CV (%) 10.83 10.06 7.78 6.85

DxV(CD 0.05) NS NS 15.46 NS

Table 2: Yield and yield attributes of sugarcane cultivars under different dates of planting at
Faridkot and Gurdaspur during 2017-18

Faridkot: Agroclimatic zone-IV Gurdaspur : Agroclimatic zone-II

Treatments NMC Cane yield SCW (kg) NMC Cane yield SCW

(000/ha) (tha-1) (000/ha) (tha-1) (kg)

Dates of planting

25th February 113.83 128.39 1.23 107.26 136.26 1.39

25th March 107.17 104.78 1.07 97.03 115.15 1.29

25th April 90.72 80.89 0.99 86.82 93.73 1.17

CD (0.05) 16.04 23.13 0.10 9.71 16.05 0.16

CV (%) 13.62 19.49 8.40 8.83 12.31 10.93

Cultivars

CoPb 91 105.48 117.19 1.21 98.03 131.03 1.43

CoJ 88 112.59 112.15 1.09 111.03 119.40 1.19

Co 118 96.67 93.33 1.05 82.75 97.10 1.26

Co 238 100.89 96.07 1.04 96.34 112.66 1.26

CD (0.05) 10.91 12.19 0.08 7.84 11.09 0.09

CV (%) 10.60 11.76 6.93 8.16 9.73 6.97

DxV(CD 0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS
Table 3: Juice quality analysis of sugarcane cultivars under different dates of planting at
Gurdaspur during 2017-18

Extraction Brix Sucrose Purity CCS CCS

Treatments
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (tha-1)

Dates of planting

25th February 56.07 18.57 16.80 90.48 11.75 15.99

25th March 54.73 18.05 16.03 88.84 11.12 12.79

25th April 52.73 17.75 15.74 88.68 10.90 10.19

CD (0.05) 0.70 0.26 0.25 0.34 0.18 1.93

CV (%) 1.13 1.28 1.34 0.33 1.41 13.14

Cultivars

CoPb 91 54.74 17.53 15.68 89.39 10.90 14.35

CoJ 88 54.53 18.52 16.57 89.46 11.53 13.83

Co 118 54.96 18.51 16.60 89.69 11.56 11.27

Co 238 53.80 17.92 15.92 88.78 11.03 12.50

CD (0.05) NS 0.20 0.17 0.46 0.13 1.31

CV (%) 2.60 1.14 1.08 0.52 1.14 10.17

DxV(CD0.05) NS 0.35 0.30 0.80 NS NS

 Table 4: Juice quality analysis of sugarcane cultivars under different dates of planting at
Faridkot during 2017-18

Extraction Brix Sucrose Purity CCS

Treatments CCS (%)
(%) (%) (%) (%) (tha-1)

Dates of planting

25th February 55.90 18.48 16.50 89.26 11.46 14.71

25th March 54.74 18.27 16.14 88.32 11.16 11.65

25th April 53.45 17.59 15.75 89.52 10.96 8.87

CD (0.05) 1.33 0.53 0.38 0.69 0.23 2.58

CV (%) 2.15 2.59 2.06 0.69 1.83 19.37

Cultivars

CoPb 91 54.83 17.53 15.55 88.73 10.78 12.65

CoJ 88 54.54 18.59 16.63 89.46 11.57 12.97

Co 118 55.23 18.39 16.68 90.73 11.68 10.99

Co 238 54.19 17.93 15.64 87.22 10.75 10.35

CD (0.05) NS 0.41 0.35 0.50 0.24 1.31

CV (%) 3.04 2.29 2.18 0.57 2.18 11.23

DxV(CD0.05) NS 0.71 0.60 0.87 0.42 NS

Table 5: Physio-chemical characteristics of soil at Faridkot and Gurdaspur

Sand Silt Clay

Depth (cm) pH EC OC P (kg ha-1) K (kg ha-1) Texture
(%) (%) (%)
Faridkot: Agroclimatic zone IV
0-15 8.67 0.57 0.442 15.62 272.5 76 13 11 Sandy loam
15-30 8.57 0.59 0.247 14.37 239.5 65.8 12 20.2 Sandy loam
Gurdaspur: Agroclimatic zone II
0-15 8.4 0.51 0.64 26.25 312.5 29.5 51.3 20.2 Silt loam
15-30 8.3 0.53 0.51 20.5 257.5 27.3 53.5 20.2 Silt loam