Electrical Engineering BA (B), Analog

Electronics,
ET064G 7.5 Credits
ET065G 6 Credits

Muhammad Amir Yousaf

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 Electronic
Systems?
What is Analog
Electronics?

Introduction

Course Aims? Introduction

of Mindi?
Course contents?

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 Nature is Analog

• A variation in a natural process is always

well defined and continuous in time.

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 Nature is Analog
• The term "analogue" describes
the proportional relationship
between a signal and a voltage
or current that represents the
signal.

• An electrical signal that is

analogous to variation in natural Electronics
phenomena is ‘Analog Signal’

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 Electronics that reads Nature
 Primary information from natural phenomena comes in the
form of optical, acoustic, thermal or chemical etc signals.

 These signals are converted into electrical signals.

 The devices used for such conversions are called
transducers or sensors.
 The electric signal is analogue of the primary information
stream, it is therefore called ‘Analog Signal’
 Electronics involved in conversion and handling of these
signals is Analog Electronics

A Light Dependent Resistor

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 Signal Handling: An art

 Electronics circuit design is an art of handling information

carrying electrical signals.

 The electrical signals obtained from the

transducers could be very delicate
and weak in strength and prone to noise and interference.

 The obtained signals are than treated against the noise and
amplified to strengthen them.

 After this the electrical signals could be used to make certain

decisions or converted back into the physical signal or quantities
for display or actuation.
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 A Light Sensitive lighting system

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 Analog Electronics Systems
 Block diagram of an analog electronic system.

Interface

Interface
Non-electrical Input Display /
Processor/
information Transducer Digital End /
Filter
Actuator

A Loud Speaker system.

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Typical Signal Chain in an Electronic System

 A sensor converts the real-world

signal into an analog electrical
signal. This analog signal is often
weak and noisy.

 Amplifiers are needed to

strengthen the signal.

 A/D converters for digital

processing if required.

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Typical Signal Chain in an Electronic System

 Analog filtering may be necessary to remove noise from the signal.

This (is called) ‘front end’ processing (which) improves the signal-to-
noise ratio (SNR).
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a
measure used in science and
engineering that compares the level of
a desired signal to the level of
background noise. It is defined as the
ratio of signal power to the noise
power.

 An important building block used for amplification and filtering is :

Operational Amplifier.

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 Computerized simulation tool

 Mindi : Microchips Analog Simulation Tools / Powered by SiMetrix

 Simulation is extremely useful for testing ideas at the system level.

 Performance of design.

 Characteristic of circuit i.e. frequency response.

 Testing components.

 Demo

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 Signal Chain in an Electronic System

 An analog-to-digital converter transforms the analog signal into a

stream of 0‘s and 1's.

 The digital data is processed by a CPU, such as a DSP, a

microprocessor, or a microcontroller.

 Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) is necessary to convert the stream

of 0's and 1's back into analog form.

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 Course Plan
 About the course:

 The course gives a deeper understanding and

knowledge in analog circuit design and covers analog
amplifiers, noise, filters, stability, oscillators, power
supplies. The theory will be verified both with
simulations and measurements of analog electronics
circuits.
 Prerequisite:

 Electrical Engineering BA (A): Circuit Theory and

Electronics, BA (A), 7.5 Credits.

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 Course Plan
 Prerequisites :

 Electrical Engineering BA (A): Circuit Theory and

Electronics, BA (A), 7.5 Credits.

 Understanding of basic passive components

 jw method for solving ac circuit equations (
Introductory Circuit Analysis Chapter 14)
 Passive Filters
 Op-amps: introduction

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 Course Plan
 Course aim and goal

 Students will gain a deeper understanding and

knowledge of circuit design and characteristics.

 Students will acquire skills in the design of the

amplifiers, filters, oscillators and power supply etc.

 Students will acquire proficiency in the use of

computerized simulation tools.

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 Course Plan
 Course aim and goal

 Students will gain a deeper understanding and

knowledge of circuit design and characteristics.

 Students will acquire skills in the design of the

amplifiers, filters, oscillators and power supply etc.

 Students will acquire proficiency in the use of

computerized simulation tools.

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 Course Plan
 Course Contents
 The course covers:
 System properties of analog circuits
 Short refresher of basic elements: Circuit theory, Bode plots, Simple
RC filters
 Different OP-Amp circuits
 Instrumentation amplifiers
 Characteristics of different types of operational amplifiers
 Frequency-dependent couplings
 Feed-back of amplifiers
 Stability
 Noise and noise models for operational amplifiers
 Various application examples

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 Course Plan
 Students at the end of the course:
 Should be able to construct an active and/or passive analog filter
based on a specification.
 Should be able to analyze a closed-loop amplifier frequency
characteristics and stability.

 Should know how the noise is generated and analyze how it

propagates in an active electronic circuit .

 be able to design circuits based on an operation amplifier for some

selected functions such as oscillators, integration, differentiation,
summation, instrument amplifiers, charge sensitive amplifiers, etc.

 Be able to utilize knowledge in current research and development

 Should be able to design an electronic system as an engineer.

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 Required Literature
 Thomas L. Floyd, "Electronic Devices - Conventional Current
Version"

Available from www.pearsoned.co.uk/student.

Use ”voucher code” ZP038E för 20% extra discount.
Delivery is with DHL and takes 5-6 days to Sweden.

• Also available from the internet bookstores.

• ISBN 9781292025643

 Don Manchini, "Op Amps for Everyone" -Free downloadable pdf

 Course web-page:
apachepersonal.miun.se/~amiyou/

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 Teachers

 Muhammad Amir Yousaf

S- Building 241-F
060148748
apachepersonal.miun.se/~amiyou/

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 Lecture Plan (i)
 Introduction to Course:
 Course Plan
 Aims and Goals
 Course Contents.
 Lecture 1: Revision of some basic concepts such as:
 RC filters
 Bode plots
 Transfer function etc.
 Lecture2: Discrete Semiconductor devices
 Diodes (Diodes, LEDs, Zener)
 Transistors (Bipolar and MOSFETs).

 Literature:
 Chapter 2 of text book ‘Electronic Devices’, Lecture notes 1

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 Lecture Plan (ii)
 Lecture 3

 Operational Amplifies
 Ideal and Practical op-amps
 Input Signal Modes (Differential and Common Mode)
 Voltage Current Impedance
 Frequency Response

 Literature:
 Lecture Notes 2
 Electronic Devices : Chapter 12
 Op-amp for every one.

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 Lecture Plan (iii)
 Lecture 4-5
 Inverting & Non Inverting amplifiers
 Voltage follower
 Parameters and Operational amplifier properties
 Bias current and offset voltage
 Feedback,
 Open and closed loop response, Stability

 Literature:
 Lecture Notes 3
 Electronic Devices : Chapter 12
 Op-amp for every one.

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 Lecture Plan (iv)
 Lecture 6-7
 Comparator
 Summing and averaging amplifier
 Instrumentation amplifier
 Integrator and Differentiator
 Charge sensitive amplifier
 Current to voltage amplifier
 Instrumentation amplifier
 Oscillators, Active filters
 Peak Detector

 Literature: Lecture Notes 4

 Electronic Devices : Chapter 13, 14, 16
 Op-amp for every one. Chapter 16

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 Lecture Plan (v)
 Lecture 8

 Noise
 Noise Factor

 Literature:
 Lecture Notes 5
 Op-amp for every one: Chapter 10

 Lecture 9

 Power Supply
 Linear Supply, Switch mode supplies

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 Exercise Plan
 Exercise 1:

 Revision of Circuit Theory concepts

 Bode Plots

 Exercise 2

 Exercise 3

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 Lab Plan

 Lab 1: Basic Op amp circuits:

 The most basic OP-Amp circuits should be connected and
characterized.
 Some fundamental non ideal properties of the OP-Amp will also be
characterized.
 Lab 2: Active Filters:
 Active filters should be designed according to given
specifications. You should consult with the book ‘op-amp for every
one’
 Lab3: Power Supply Design

 Fun Lab
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 Examination and Grading System

 A written exam for 4.5 hp will be held 1st

November

 The grades A, B, C, D, E, Fx and F are given

on the course. On this scale the grades A
through E represent pass levels, whereas Fx
and F represent fail levels.

 Labs 1.5 hp will be graded as Pass and Fail

 Assignment 1.5hp with grades A to F

(ET064G)
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 References

• http://www.handbuiltpotteryonline.net/
• https://picasaweb.google.com/107263748601915715835/NesargiKarmicPranjal#5556691209155746434
• http://qtweb.ca/2012/08/20/setting-your-seo-goals/
• http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration-5738901-race-winner-finishing-line.php
• http://www.sodahead.com/fun/do-you-think-too-much-wisdom-is-a-powerful-thing-or-more-of-a-dangerous-
thing/question-
1239041/?page=1&postId=41088893#post_41088893&link=ibaf&q=deep+understanding&imgurl=http://mindbodysmil
e.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/dontknow.jpg
• http://thsc.com.sg/digital-hearing-aids-techs-signals.php
• http://www.whatcircuits.com/software/electronic-simulator-and-analysis/5spice/
• http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/research/projects/inversion/
• http://www.karbosguide.com/hardware/module7c1.htm

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