Acquisition of Attribute Data:

Thematic Mapping
Geographic Referencing
Attribute in thematic mapping can be geographically referenced by a
hierarchical referencing system, whish is sometime s referred to as the
discrete system.

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Land Administration and Title System (1)
Designed to provide the legal definition of land parcels in land
administration or property registration.

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Land Administration and Title System (2)
Township – 36 square miles, approximately equal to 10x10 km
Section – 640 acres,
approximately equal to 1.6x1.6 km
Quarter section – 160 acres, approximately equal to 800x800 m

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Township system of land subdivision

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Municipal Address
Describe the location of a particular land parcel by means of
a hierarchy of geographic name and identifiers such as the
name of country, state, city, and street and house number.
Example:

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Postal Code
Designed primarily for sorting of mail for postal delivery. Following image is clustered area
for each postal code.

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Postal Code in Indonesia[1]
Indonesian Postal Code standards:
First digit referrer to Province:
◦ 1: Jakarta, parts of Banten and Jawa Barat
◦ 2: Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Riau, Kepulauan Riau
◦ 3: Bengkulu, Jambi, Bangka Belitung, Sumatera Selatan, Lampung
◦ 4: Banten, Jawa Barat
◦ 5: Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta
◦ 6: Jawa Timur
◦ 7: Kalimantan
◦ 8: Bali, Nusa Tenggara
◦ 9: Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua

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Postal Code in Indonesia[2]
Second digit referrer to Kota
Third digit referrer to Kabupaten
Fourth digit referrer to Kecamatan
Fifth digit referrer to Kelurahan
Exception for Jakarta’s postal code:
Third digit referrer to Kecamatan
Fourth digit referrer to Kelurahan
Fifth digit applied to ‘0’ (zero)

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Census Enumeration Area
Designed primarily to record national or regional
population and other social data. In order to classifying
and collecting data, a small region clustered into census
tracts which is using visible and stable boundaries such as
roads, river, canals, etc.
For each census tract, the basic unit for data collection is
the census block -bounded by streets, railroads, etc – and
will identified in unique ID.

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Census Tract and Census Block

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 Geographic Hierarchy for Enumeration Area

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Attribute Measurement Scales
The attributes shown in a thematic map can recorded by four different
measurement scale.

1. Nominal Scale
2. Ordinal Scale
3. Internal Scale
4. Ratio Scale

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Nominal Scale
Nominal scales are mere codes assigned to objects as
labels, they are not measurements. For example, rocks
can be generally categorized as (1) igneous, (2)
sedimentary and (3) metamorphic. A code of "3" given to
any particular stone observed does not mean that stone
possesses more "rockness" than a stone coded as "1",
anymore than a person with red hair does not possess
more "hairness" than a person with blonde hair.

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Ordinal Scale
In this scale type, the numbers assigned to objects or events represent
the rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.) of the entities assessed. An example
of ordinal measurement is the results of a horse race, which say only
which horses arrived first, second, third, etc. but include no information
about times.

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Interval Scale
Quantitive attributes are all able to be measured on interval scales,
as any difference between the levels of an attribute can be
multiplied by any real number to exceed or equal another
difference. A highly familiar example of interval scale measurement
is temperature with the Celsius scale. In this particular scale, the unit
of measurement is 1/100 of the difference between the melting
temperature and the boiling temperature of water in atmospheric
pressure. The "zero point" on an interval scale is arbitrary; and
negative values can be used.

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Ratio Scale
Most measurement in the physical sciences and engineering is done on ratio
scales. Mass, length, time, plane angle, energy and electric charge are
examples of physical measures that are ratio scales. The scale type takes its
name from the fact that measurement is the estimation of the ratio
between a magnitude of a continuous quantity and a unit magnitude of the
same kind (Michell, 1997, 1999). Informally, the distinguishing feature of a
ratio scale is the possession of a non-arbitrary zero value. For example, the
Kelvin temperature scale has a non-arbitrary zero point of absolute zero,
which is denoted 0K and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius. This zero point
is non arbitrary as the particles which comprise matter at this temperature
have zero kinetic energy.

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