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Power up a microcontroller
with pre-power-down data
Stephan Roche, Santa Rosa, CA
t is sometimes necessary to retrieve
R1
0.1 F
78L05
0.1 F 10 F 0.1 F
VCC
1 2N2222A
RSHUNT RB
0.33 10k
VCC
C4 50W
100 nF
R4
1k
8 + 3 VREF
LOADⳮ
1 R5
IC1A
CA3240/ 2 1k
DIP8 4 ⳮ
R9 C5
47k 1 F
VCC
R6
1k
5
8 +
7 R7
IC1B
CA3240/ 6 1k
4 ⳮ VREF
DIP8
Figure 1
R8 C3
47k 100 nF
Using MOSFETs and a relay, this electronic load can operate in both current- and voltage-regulation modes.
_
larger input signal gives the de- _ _ 10k 10k
signer a problem: how to dis- IC1 R1
IC2 VOUT
+
card half of a good analog signal + _
can reduce a system’s performance by in- two op amps, IC1 and IC2, and two
troducing gain errors due to amplifier off- resistors, R1 and R2, that form a 2-to- You can use an instrumentation amplifier to halve an ana-
set and drift and resistor mismatch. 1 voltage divider. log signal’s amplitude. All resistors are internal to the IC.
range.
1
To introduce an offset voltage,
VOS, that equals half of a refer-
ence voltage (VOS⫽VR/2), con- NONLINEARITY ERROR
0
(PPM)
nect the AD8221’s reference in- ⫺1
put (Pin 6) to voltage VR. To bias
the attenuator’s output at half of ⫺2
the positive- or negative-power- ⫺13 ⫺12 ⫺11 ⫺10 ⫺9 ⫺8 ⫺7 ⫺6 ⫺5 ⫺4 ⫺3 ⫺2 ⫺1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Figure 1
A quartz-crystal temperature sensor provides Celsius-temperature readouts accurate to 2% over a ⫺40 to ⫹85⬚⬚C range.